Exam 2 Anatomy and Physiology
skeletal remains are discovered at an archaeological site. x rays of the femur show evidence of a thin epipyseal plate. The bone bone likely to belonged to an ______ year old.
18
when compared to the shoulder, the hip joint has which of the following?
a deeper bony socket and stronger supporting ligaments
the glenohumeral joint exhibits_____
a low level of stability but a wide range of motion
if a parathyroid tumor secreted an excessive amount of parathyroid hormone, what would you expect to see?
a reduced rate of endochondrial ossification
Which choice places the steps of intramembranous ossification in correct chronological order?
c,b,a,d
Place in correct order the following steps in the process of appositional growth of cartilage.
c,d,b,a
The structure of bone tissue suits the function. Which of the following bone tissues is adapted to support weight and withstand torsion (twisting) stresses?
compact bone
What are the matrix rings of compact bone that surround the central canal of each osteon?
concentric lamellae
the flexion movement allowed by joints_____
decreases the angle between bones
In some cases the epiphyseal plate of the long bones of children closes too early. What might be the cause?
elevated levels of sex hormones
the fibrous layer of the articular capsule is made of which of the following types of tissue?
dense regular connective tissue
If a clinician were looking to harvest bone marrow that made blood cells, which bone of an adult donor would be sampled?
diaphysis of the femur
an anatomical example of a hinge joint would be the ______
elbow (humeroulnar) joint
Before beginning orthodontic treatment a patient may have her wrist and hand x rayed to determine her stage of growth. What feature of the long bones will the orthodontist use to assess this?
epiphyseal plate
when protracting the jaw or making small side to side movements during chewing the temporomandibular joint makes_____movements
gliding
Endochondral ossification begins with a _______ model
hyaline cartilage
which of the following is NOT a step in endochondral ossification?
hyaline cartilage develops into the shape of the future bone
appositional bone growth________
increases width of cartilage under the perichondrium
which of the following joints contains an articular disc that divides the joint cavity into two separate spaces?
knee or wrist
Consider the classification of bones, and examples of each. Which classification compromises bones used primarily for movement rather than for protection?
long
how owuld you classify the stability and mobility of a synarthrosis joint?
low mobility and low stability
Which of the following does NOT affect osteoblast and osteoclast activity?
mechanical stress
during the process of endochondral ossification, chondrocytes in the cartilage model die. Why does this occur?
nutrient cannot diffuse to the chrondocytes through the calcified matrix
Bones are constantly undergoing resorption (breaking bone down) for various reasons. Which of the following cells accomplishes this process?
osteclasts
the _____ joint is the simplest synovial joint and also the least mobile synovial joint
plane
when you stand on tiptoes to reach something you are demonstrating the action of what class of lever?
second class lever
What is the function of cartilage located in the epipyseal plates?
site of bone elongation and growth
the interosseous membrane between the radius and the ulna is an example of what type of joint?
syndesmosis
which of the following is NOT considered to be an accessory synovial structure?
synovial membrane
which of the following bones is formed by intramembranous ossification
temporal
What would be the effect on bone growth of insufficient dietary calcium?
the matrix would be softer
why is the elbow joint extremely stable?
the ulna and humerus interlock
what do sutures, gomphoses, and syndesmoses have in common?
they are all joints of the appendicular skeleton
cartilage grows in two ways, appositional and interstitial. Which of the following is an example of interstitial growth?
undifferentiated cells from mesenchyme develop into chondrocytes, which divide and form cartilage
in your anatomy and physiology laboratory, you look at prepared slides of developing bone. In the epiphyseal plate region, you note the chondrocytes are undergoing mitosis and are stacked in the longitudinal array. What epipyseal plate zone is in your field of view?
zone of hypertrophy