Exam #2 BIOL 121

Which of the following is true?

Despite the environmental factors that influence bone density, genetics still plays the major role in determining bone density.

How many ribs make up the rib cage?

24

Identify the hole that marks the opening of the ear canal on the superficial surface of the skull.

External acoustic meatus

Select the correct sequence of fracture repair steps.

Hematoma forms, fibrocartilaginous callus forms, bony callus forms, bone remodeling occurs

Match the description to the correct answer: Bone with a complex shape

Irregular bone

Which of the connective tissue fibers are the strongest and most abundant?

Collagen fibers

How many pairs of ribs are there?

12

Select the statement that best describes most long bones at the time of birth.

A bony diaphysis with a widening medullary cavity, and two cartilaginous epiphyses

You observe a multicellular gland with branched ducts and saclike secretory areas. What type of gland would this most likely be?

A compound alveolar exocrine gland

Match the type of muscle tissue with its function: Skeletal muscle

Allows voluntary movement to occur by changing position of bones

Which part of a vertebra is known as the centrum?

Body

________ a superior projection on the ________ bone, attaches to the dura mater and secures the brain within the skull.

Crista galli, ethmoid

Which is not considered to be connective tissue proper?

Hyaline cartilage

Select the true statement regarding appositional growth of a long bone

The long bone increases in thickness, or diameter.

What part of the nasal cavity is formed by the nasal septum?

The nasal septum divides the nasal cavity in half on the midline, thereby forming the medial wall of the nasal cavity on both the right and left sides.

Which of the following is classified as a short bone?

Wrist bone

What part of the sternum is palpated prior to giving CPR?

Xiphoid Process

Identify the 2 bones that make up the zygomatic arch

Zygomatic bone and temporal bone

Hydroxyapatites in bone matrix that give bone its hardness are primarily composed of __________.

calcium phosphates

The center of the osteon is called the ________.

central (Haversian) canal

Eight bones make up the __________ , which encloses and protects the brain.

cranium

The occipital bone forms part of the:

cranium

Which of the following structures is an attachment site for muscles or ligaments?

crest

The skin is a __________ membrane

cutaneous

The cribriform foramina, through which the fibers of the cranial nerve I pass, are located in the ________ bone on the floor of the skull.

ethmoid

The epiphyses of long bones are ________.

filled with spongy bone

A narrow, slitlike opening in a bone is referred to as a __________.

fissure

__________ bones are generally thin and have a layer of spongy bone between two layers of compact bone.

flat

Which of the following bone markings helps form joints?

head

When problems with blood forming tissue are suspected, clinicians obtain tissue samples from the _____________ because the red bone marrow in this location is highly active in hematopoiesis.

hip bone

The role of microvilli is to __________.

increase surface area

A fontanelle __________

is found only in the fetal skull, allows for compression of the skull during birth, is a fibrous membrane (all of the above)

Blood is classified as a connective tissue because __________.

it arises from mesenchymal tissue and has a nonliving fluid matrix

This foramen lies between the temporal and occipital bones on the inferior surface of the skull. A major vein and several cranial nerves pass through it

jugular foramen

Identify the region of the sphenoid bone that contains the optic canal.

lesser wings

The femur is an example of a(n) __________ bone.

long

The lower jawbone, or __________, articulates with the temporal bones in the only freely movable joints in the skull.

mandible

Neurons are cells that are involved in __________.

responding to stimuli

The ________ is a median posterior projection arising at the junction of two laminae of the vertebral body

spinous process

Which of the following bones belongs to the axial skeleton and is a flat bone?

sternum

The cranial bones that house the organs of hearing are the ________ bones

temporal

Costal facets are found on the ________ vertebrae

thoracic

The __________ vertebrae articulate with the corresponding ribs.

thoracic

Which function of bone tissue occurs in the red bone marrow?

Hematopoiesis

Match the following epithelial tissue with a body location where it can be found: Transitional

Lines the urinary bladder

Match the following connective tissue component with its description: Extracellular matrix

Nonliving material located between the cells of a connective tissue

Correctly match the description of the projection with its name: Spine.

Sharp, slender, often pointed projection

Match the description to the correct answer: Approximately equal in length and width.

Short bone

Identify the typical number of vertebrae that fuse during development to form the coccyx.

3 - 5

How many lumbar vertebrae are in the vertebral column?

5

You observe a muscle that has intercalated discs, and contracts under involuntary conditions. What type of muscle must this be?

Cardiac muscle

Intramembranous ossification is mostly responsible for forming which type of bone?

Flat bone

Name the type of connective tissue that anchors the ribs onto the sternum.

Hyaline cartilage

Identify the region of the temporal bone that articulates with the lower jaw.

Mandibular fossa

Identify the region of the temporal bone that articulates with the mandible

Mandibular fossa

Name the U shaped border found between the mandibular condyle and the coronoid process.

Mandibular notch

The region of the mandible that anchors the coronoid process is the:

Mandibular ramus

While walking on the beach, you feel the pressure of a pebble in your sandal pressing against your foot. Which pairing of cell and tissue type send this information to the brain?

Neuron and nervous tissue

Identify the articulation site that allows us to nod our head "yes"

Occipital bone - atlas

Match the description to the correct zone in longitudinal growth of a long bone: Cartilage cells undergo mitosis.

Proliferation zone

Which of the following tissues lines the majority of the digestive tract?

Simple columnar

Which of the following epithelial tissue types is best adapted for the rapid transport of materials across its membranes?

Simple squamous

Which cranial bone spans the width of the cranial floor?

Sphenoid

Match the description to the correct stage of intramembranous ossification: Immature spongy bone and periosteum form

Stage 3

Match the following type of muscle tissue with its description: Skeletal muscle tissue

Striated; multinucleated cells; long, large, cylinder-shaped cells

Match the following major tissue type with its function: Connective

Support

Which of the following serous membranes covers the surface of the lungs?

Visceral pleura

Melanoma is particularly dangerous because __________. -

it grows rapidly and metastasizes

How many vertebrae comprise the thoracic region of the spine?

12

How many bones of the skull are considered facial bones? __________

14

How many bones make up the nasal septum?

2

How many pairs of ribs are considered false ribs?

5

Name the number of vertebrae that fuse together to form the sacrum

5

How many pairs of ribs articulate directly with the sternum?

7

The sella turcica is best described as:

A depression

Which of the following descriptions best describe a squamous-shaped cell?

A flattened, scale-like cell

Correctly match the opening or depression in bone with its correct name: Groove

A furrow

Which of the following exocrine glands stores its secretion until the gland ruptures?

A holocrine gland

Identify the best description of the mandibular condyle.

A projection on the mandible

Identify the best description of the mandibular fossa

A shallow depression

What type of mole or pigmented spot on the skin would be the most concerning?

A spot with varying colors and irregular borders.

Match the type of cartilage to its correct description: Fibrocartilage.

Able to withstand heavy loads and absorb shock

Match the type of muscle tissue with its function: Smooth muscle.

Allows hollow organs to contract and propel materials through them (digestive organs, reproductive organs, etc.)

Cartilage can grow in which of the following ways?

Appositional growth and interstitial growth

Match the following function of bone to its description: Anchorage.

As a result, we can walk, grasp objects, and breathe

Which vertebra lacks both a body and spinous process?

Atlas

Identify the articulation site that allows us to rotate our head, e.g. shaking the head "no".

Atlas - axis

Match the following major tissue type with its description: Epithelium.

Avascular; associated with a basement membrane; apical and basal surfaces; great powers of regeneration; sparse extracellular matrix

Match the following term to its function: Osteoblasts

Bone formation

Match the following type of connective tissue with an appropriate location: Reticular connective tissue.

Bone marrow; spleen; lymph nodes

Match the type of tissue with its structure: Nervous.

Branching cells; cell processes that may be quite long

Match the description to the correct zone in longitudinal growth of a long bone: Dead cartilage cells appear; matrix begins deteriorating.

Calcification zone

Select the hormone that lowers blood calcium levels when administered at high pharmacological doses

Calcitonin

Correctly match the opening or depression in bone with its correct name: Meatus.

Canal-like passageway

Which of the following are tiny canals that connect the central canal of an osteon to the osteocytes?

Canaliculi

Match the following body location with its associated muscle tissue type: Walls of the heart.

Cardiac muscle tissue

Correctly match the bone type with its example: Short bone.

Carpal of the wrist

Correctly match the opening or depression in bone with its correct name: Sinus.

Cavity within a bone

Which of the following components serve mainly as a connective tissue glue that allows connective tissue cells to attach to the extracellular matrix?

Cell adhesion proteins

Which of the following is not a component of bone tissue?

Chondrocytes

Match the description to the correct answer regarding bone tissue: Major organic fiber of bone

Collagen

Match the following: Costal cartilages

Connect the ribs to the sternum

Match the following major tissue type with its description: Nervous.

Contains branching cells with cytoplasmic extensions or processes

Match the following: Articular cartilages.

Cover the ends of most bones at moveable joints

Identify the recessed area surrounding the crista galli.

Cribriform plates

Identify the landmark that projects superiorly into the floor of the skull and serves as a site of attachment for the meninges.

Crista galli

Which of the following membranes consist of an epithelium bound to an underlying layer of connective tissue proper?

Cutaneous, mucous, and serous

Identify the articulation site for the head of a rib.

Demi-facet

What type of tissue forms tendons?

Dense regular connective tissue

Of the following choices, which has the greatest capacity for regeneration?

Dermis of skin

Match the following skin function with the mechanism that accomplishes it: Rising body temperature regulation.

Dilation of blood vessels and secretion of sweat that evaporates from body surface

In a car accident, the injuries to the driver include a fractured femur. Part of the broken end of the diaphysis of the femur is visibly penetrating through the skin in the thigh area. Which of the following properly classifies this fracture?

Displaced, complete, open (compound)

Which of the following characteristics do not belong to the lumbar region?

Elongated spinous process

Correctly match the definition and term: Replacement of hyaline cartilage with bony tissue to form a bone.

Endochondral ossification

Match the following epithelial tissue with a body location where it can be found: Keratinized stratified squamous.

Epidermis of skin

Correctly match the definition and term: Expanded portion of the long bone at its ends.

Epiphysis

The basement membrane is located between which of the following tissue types?

Epithelial and connective tissue

Which of the following is true with regards to epithelia?

Epithelial cells have an apical surface and a basal surface which differ in both structure and function.

Which of the following bones is not a facial bone?

Ethmoid

Which of the following is true regarding bone remodeling?

Every year 5 to 10 percent of the skeleton is replaced.

Match the description to the correct stage of bone repair: Activity of fibroblasts and osteoblasts creates an overgrown splint around the fracture site.

Fibrocartilage callus

During the process of tissue repair, which of the following processes produces scar tissue?

Fibrosis

Identify the location of the sphenoid bone.

Floor of the skull

Name the opening in the occipital bone through which the spinal cord passes

Foramen magnum

Match the following: Respiratory cartilages.

Form the skeleton of the larynx and reinforce other respiratory passages

Match the following type of connective tissue with a body location: Hyaline cartilage.

Forms embryonic skeleton and covers the ends of long bones

Which of the following is not a general feature of connective tissue proper?

Functions to cushion and support body structures

__________ are important and common unicellular exocrine glands.

Goblet cells

During tissue repair of a nonextensive skin wound, the blood clot is replaced most immediately by which of the following?

Granulation tissue ingrowth

What tissue type replaces the periosteum on the ends of articulating bones?

Hyaline cartilage

Match the description to the correct zone in longitudinal growth of a long bone: Older cartilage cells enlarge.

Hypertrophic zone

Which of the following statements is true?

Hypocalcemia leads to hyperexcitability.

Match the following type of connective tissue with an appropriate location: Adipose.

Hypodermis; in mesenteries; surrounding kidneys; posterior to eyeballs

Identify the location of the ethmoid bone.

In between the orbits

Individual vertebrae articulate with each other forming the vertebral column. Identify the part of a vertebra that articulates immediately with the vertebra below it.

Inferior articular processes

Where is the mandibular fossa located?

Inferior surface of the zygomatic process

Which of the following "sets the stage" for tissue repair?

Inflammation

What is the correct order of the steps of tissue repair?

Inflammation, blood clotting, organization, regeneration

Identify the small hole on the maxillary bone located below the orbit

Infraorbital foramen

Match the following type of burns with its description: Second-degree burn.

Injury to the epidermis and the superficial region of the dermis resulting in redness, swelling, pain, and blisters

Which of the following is not composed of hyaline cartilage?

Intervertebral discs

Which of the following structures would not be found within a vertebral foramen?

Intervertebral discs

Match the following type of connective tissue with an appropriate location: Fibrocartilage.

Intervertebral discs; pubis symphysis; menisci of knee joint

Identify the small facial bones found in the medial wall of the orbit

Lacrimal

Which bone is NOT considered to be part of the cranium?

Lacrimal bone

Identify the large suture on the posterior surface of the skull at the border of the occipital bone

Lambdoid

Select the cutaneous sensory receptors responsible for detecting bumps or contacts involving deep pressure.

Lamellar (Pacinian) corpuscles

Which of these regions of the vertebral column would be most accessible from a posterior surgical approach?

Lamina

Match the following component of the ABCDE rule for recognizing melanoma with its description: Diameter.

Larger than 6 mm

Match the following type of connective tissue with an appropriate location: Dense regular connective tissue.

Ligaments; tendons; aponeuroses

Match the following epithelial tissue with a body location where it can be found: Pseudostratified ciliated columnar.

Lines most of the upper respiratory tract

Match the following type of membrane with its location: Mucous membrane (mucosa).

Lines the inside of hollow organs that open to the body's exterior

Match the type of cartilage to its correct description: Elastic cartilage

Located in the external ear and epiglottis

Match the description to the correct answer: Has a length greater than width.

Long bone

Which of the following is the most immediate threat to life from a serious burn?

Loss of body fluids

Match the following type of connective tissue with its function: Elastic cartilage.

Maintains the shape of a structure while allowing great flexibility

Identify the region of the mandible that forms part of the temporomandibular joint.

Mandibular condyle

Which region of the mandible articulates with the cranium?

Mandibular condyle

Identify the shield-shaped top of the sternum.

Manubrium

Match the following type of connective tissue with its description: Fibrocartilage

Matrix similar to but less firm than that in hyaline cartilage; thick collagen fibers predominate

Osteoblasts release which of the following?

Matrix vesicles studded with the enzyme alkaline phosphatase

Which facial bones fuse to form the upper jaw?

Maxillary

Which surface of the maxillary bones fuse together?

Medial

Which landmark is composed of fused spinous processes?

Median sacral crest

Correctly match the definition and term: Hollow space in the shaft of a long bone.

Medullary cavity

Nerves and blood vessels pass through the _____ to reach the chin.

Mental foramina

Which of the following is true with respect to hyaline cartilage?

Most abundant skeletal cartilage

Match the following epithelial tissue with its location: Stratified cuboidal

Mostly found in the ducts of some of the larger glands (sweat glands, mammary glands)

Select the type of membrane that lines the nasal cavity and the mouth

Mucous membrane

Match the following type of epithelium with its description: Transitional.

Multiple layers of cells with apical cells varying in appearance depending on the degree of stretch

Which of the following are components of muscle cells that bring about movement?

Myofilaments

Correctly match the description of the projection with its name: Crest.

Narrow ridge of bone

Which of the following locations is not formed by part of the maxillae?

Nasal septum

Which tissue type includes two major inter-dependent types of cells?

Nervous tissue

Match the type of tissue with its function: Nervous.

Neurons transmit electrical signals from sensory receptors and to effectors (muscles and glands); supporting cells support and protect neurons

Match the following type of muscle tissue with its description: Smooth muscle tissue.

No striations; spindle-shaped cells; uninucleated cells

Identify the area of the occipital bone that articulates with the vertebral column

Occipital condyles

Identify the region of the skull that articulates with the atlas

Occipital condyles

Identify the landmark that is not part of the sphenoid bone.

Olfactory foramina

Correctly match the term and description: Bone-building cell.

Osteoblast

Determine the scenario that reduces the mass of a long bone.

Osteoclast activity is greater than osteoblast activity.

Correctly match the term and description: Mature bone cell

Osteocyte

Correctly match the term and description: Bone stem cell.

Osteoprogenitor cell

Which bone disorder is characterized by excessive and haphazard bone deposit and resorption?

Paget's disease

Which of the following bone disorders is not treatable with increased calcium and vitamin D?

Paget's disease

Identify the posterior-most region of the hard palate.

Palatine bones

Which facial bones form the roof of the mouth?

Palatine bones, Maxillary bones

Which part of the maxillary bones forms the roof of the mouth?

Palatine processes

The hormonal control of bone remodeling primarily involves which of the following?

Parathyroid hormone

Correctly match the bone type with its example: Sesamoid bone

Patella of the knee

Correctly match the definition and term: Fibrous connective tissue membrane that covers the outer surface of long bone.

Periosteum

Which membrane encloses the abdominopelvic viscera?

Peritoneum

Identify the part of the ethmoid bone that contributes to the nasal septum.

Perpendicular plate

Which part of the ethmoid bone forms part of the nasal septum?

Perpendicular plate

Match the following cell component of connective tissue with its function: Macrophages.

Phagocytic cells that engulf foreign matter

Tissue repair occurs in two major ways: regeneration and fibrosis. Which of the following would most likely involve healing solely by regeneration?

Pimple

Identify the location of the occipital bone

Posterior surface and base of the cranium

Match the following skin functions with the mechanism that accomplishes it: Blood reservoir.

Potential to hold about 5% of the body's blood volume in numerous blood vessels

Which of the following does not correctly describe stratified columnar epithelium?

Present in either keratinized or nonkeratinized varieties

Correctly match the term and description: Diaphysis.

Primary ossification center

Match the following type of connective tissue with a body location: Dense irregular connective tissue.

Primary tissue of the dermis

Match the following term to its function: Fibroblasts

Produce collagen during tissue repair

Achondroplasia is a type of dwarfism in which the long bones stop growing during childhood, resulting in limbs that are disproportionately shorter than the torso. This genetic disorder is characterized by deficiencies in the epiphyseal plate that include a low number of chondrocytes and the inability of chondrocytes to enlarge. Which zones do you think would be most affected by this disorder?

Proliferation and Hypertrophic Zones

Match the following epithelium with its function(s): Stratified squamous

Protection from wear and tear

Match the following skin function with the mechanism that accomplishes it: Protection.

Provides a chemical barrier and a physical barrier to ward off bacterial invasion and to provide "waterproofing"

Match the following type of membrane with its function: Serous

Provides secretions for lubrication of organs enclosed within the body cavities

You observe a tissue that has cells of varying heights. At first glance, it appears that the tissue has multiple cell layers, but upon closer investigation, you see that all of the cells attach to the same basement membrane. What classification would you give to this epithelial tissue?

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Match the type of muscle tissue with its function: Cardiac muscle.

Pumps a liquid connective tissue through vessels

Match the following specialized characteristic of epithelium with the appropriate description or example: Regeneration.

Rapidly replace lost cells by cell division

Which of the following best describes the inflammatory response to a tissue injury?

Relatively nonspecific reaction that develops quickly

In the process of tissue repair, what role do mast cells play?

Release inflammatory chemicals

Which of the following bones belong to the axial skeleton?

Ribs

If a breastfeeding mother becomes vitamin D deficient, what disease is most likely to develop in the nursing infant?

Rickets

Correctly match the opening or depression in bone with its correct name: Foramen.

Round or oval opening through a bone

Which region of the vertebral column is immediately inferior to the lumbar region?

Sacral

Identify the bony posterior wall of the pelvis.

Sacrum

The nasal septum occupies which anatomic plane?

Sagittal

Identify the suture found between the 2 parietal bones.

Sagittal suture

Match the following cell component of connective tissue with its function: Mast cells

Secrete histamine

Match the following epithelial tissue with its function: Pseudostratified columnar.

Secrete substances, particularly mucus; propulsion of mucus by ciliary action

Match the following epithelium with its function(s): Simple cuboidal

Secretion and absorption

Identify the region of the sphenoid bone in contact with the pituitary gland.

Sella turcica

The pericardium encloses the heart. Which of the following lubricates the facing surfaces of the parietal and visceral layers of the pericardium, so that they slide across each other easily?

Serous fluid

Match the description to the correct answer: Sesame seed-shaped bone formed in a tendon

Sesamoid bone

Correctly match the opening or depression in bone with its correct name: Fossa.

Shallow, basinlike depression in a bone, often serving as an articular surface

Match the following type of connective tissue fiber with its description: Reticular fibers

Short, fine collagenous fibers that branch extensively forming delicate networks.

Mucus that protects your stomach lining is secreted by which type of epithelial cell?

Simple columnar

Match the following epithelial tissue with its structure: Simple cuboidal.

Single layer of cubelike cells with large, spherical central nuclei

Correctly match the term and description: Epiphyseal plate.

Site of length increase in long bones

Choose the false statement

Skin does not have a role in regulating body temperature.

Correctly match the description of the projection with its name: Tubercle.

Small rounded projection or process

Select the correct pairing of a muscle cell and its characteristics.

Smooth muscle; not striated

Which of the following bones do not contain a sinus?

Sphenoid

Match the following body location with its associated description: Uterine muscle

Spindle-shaped (elongated) cells with central nuclei; no striations; cells arranged closely to form sheets

Name the vertebral projection oriented in a median plane.

Spinous process

During a football game, a player fractures his leg bone when his foot plants into the turf, but several opposing players continue to push him forward. The doctor explains that the diagonal break across the bone was due to intense twisting forces. Select the type of fracture involved in this example.

Spiral

Correctly match the definition and term: Location of red bone marrow in an adult.

Spongy bone

Identify the region of the temporal bone found superior to the external acoustic meatus that articulates with the parietal bone.

Squamous part

Match the description to the correct stage of intramembranous ossification: Compact bone replaces immature spongy bone, just deep to the periosteum, and red marrow develops.

Stage 4

Match the following type of connective tissue with the appropriate function/description: Cartilage

Stands up to both tension and compression; tough and flexible, providing resilient rigidity

Mary is 50 years old. During a checkup, a bone scan reveals that portions of her skeleton show signs of osteoporosis. After reviewing the test results, her physician suggests that she take all of the following courses of action except?

Start taking synthetic parathyroid hormone

Match the following epithelium with its function(s): Transitional

Stretching

Identify the landmark on the temporal bone that is a pointy spine.

Styloid process

Which region of the vertebral column is located superior to the thoracic region and which region is inferior to the thoracic region, respectively?

Superiorly: cervical and inferiorly: lumbar

Match the following type of connective tissue with the appropriate function/description: Bone tissue.

Supports and protects body structures; stores fat; synthesizes blood cells

Match the following type of connective tissue with an appropriate location: Elastic cartilage.

Supports external ear, epiglottis

Match the following: Nasal cartilage

Supports the external nose

Match the following skin functions with the mechanism that accomplishes them: Metabolic functions.

Synthesis of vitamin D; destruction of cancer-causing chemicals; activation of some steroid hormones

Which of the following thoracic vertebrae is the largest?

T12

Identify the region on the zygomatic bone that forms part of the zygomatic arch

Temporal process

Match the following form of skin cancer with its description: Melanoma.

The "most dangerous form" of skin cancer because it is highly metastatic; can originate wherever there is pigment, but often arises from existing moles, metastasizing rapidly into surrounding circulatory vessels.

In addition to supporting and protecting the body, the skeleton provides this function as well.

The bones store fat, red marrow, and calcium.

Identify the cranial nerve that passes through the olfactory foramina.

The olfactory nerve (CN I)

Match the following type of connective tissue fiber with its description: Collagen fibers.

The strongest and most abundant fibers, they allow connective tissues to resist tension.

Match the following type of connective tissue fiber with its description: Elastic fibers.

These long, thin, branching fibers form wide networks within the extracellular matrix and possess the ability to stretch and then return to their original length.

What is ultimately the fate of fontanels in a child or an adult skull?

They ossify, and in time become sutures.

Which region of the vertebral column is immediately superior to the lumbar region?

Thoracic

Correctly match the definition and term: A hormone that modulates the activity of growth hormone, ensuring proper bone formation.

Thyroid hormone

Match the following specialized characteristic of epithelium with the appropriate description or example: Polarity

Tissue with a free apical surface

Why are histological sections stained?

To enhance contrast.

What is the role of an exocrine gland?

To secrete substances onto body surfaces or into body cavities.

Which of the following is not an example of connective tissue?

Transitional

Identify the articulation site for a tubercle of a rib.

Transverse costal facet

Identify a lateral projection of a vertebra.

Transverse process

T/F: The sphenoid bone contains a sinus.

True

Identify the region of a rib that articulates with the transverse process of a vertebra.

Tubercle

Correctly match the description of the projection with its name: Large, rough, rounded projections.

Tuberosity

Correctly match the bone type with its example: Irregular bone

Vertebra of the spinal column

Correctly match the description of the projection with its name: Trochanter.

Very large, blunt, irregularly shaped process

Match the following body location with its associated function: Skeletal muscle.

Voluntary movement; locomotion; manipulation of the environment; facial expression; voluntary control

What bone forms part of the nasal septum?

Vomer

Match the following epithelial tissue with a body location where it can be found: Simple cuboidal.

Walls of smallest ducts of glands and kidney tubules

Match the following epithelial tissue with a body location where it can be found: Simple squamous.

Walls of the air sacs of the lungs and lining blood vessels

What is the anatomical name for the facial bones known as "cheekbones"?

Zygomatic bones

Identify the region of the temporal bone that forms part of the zygomatic arch.

Zygomatic process

Identify the region on the temporal bone that forms much of the zygomatic arch

Zygomatic process

The best classification of adipose tissue is __________.

a loose connective tissue

The Rule of Nines

a method used in calculating body surface area affected by burns

Yellow marrow is useful as __________.

a tissue that may revert back to red marrow if a person needs more red blood cells

Epithelial tissues, bone tissue, areolar connective tissue, dense irregular connective tissue, and blood __________

are very good at regenerating

In a mucous membrane, an epithelial sheet lies directly over a layer of _____________.

areolar connective tissue called the lamina propria

Bones of the skeleton are connected at junctions called ________.

articulations

What is the name of the first cervical vertebra?

atlas

What is the name of the second cervical vertebra?

atlas

Identify the region of the sacrum that articulates with the hip bone.

auricular surface

The __________ skeleton consists of bones that surround the body's center of gravity.

axial

The bones in the long axis of the body make up the __________

axial skeleton

Identify the central portion of the sternum.

body

The __________ of a typical vertebra forms the rounded, central portion that faces anteriorly in the human vertebral column

body

The skeleton is constructed of two types of tissue, ________.

bone and cartilage

Bones serve as an important reservoir for __________.

calcium

Osteocytes maintain contact allowing them to communicate and permitting nutrients and wastes to be relayed from one osteocyte to the next through __________.

canaliculi

The seven bones of the neck are called __________ vertebrae.

cervical

You pick up a vertebra to identify it and note that the transverse processes contain foramina. This unique feature identifies the vertebra as coming from the ________ region of the vertebral column.

cervical

Identify the general location of the zygomatic arch.

cheek

Cartilage tissue features __________ within small cavities called lacunae

chondrocytes

Which of the following bones belongs to the appendicular skeleton?

clavicle

The thoracic cage includes all of the bones below except the ________.

clavicles

Identify the tailbone.

coccyx

A patient is brought to the emergency room with a broken bone. According to the x-ray, the bone is fragmented into three pieces. This would be considered a __________.

comminuted fracture

A long bone consists of a shaft composed of ________ and an end composed of ________.

compact bone, spongy bone covered by compact bone

The ________ on the axis (C2) forms a pivot point with the atlas (C1) that allows you to nod a "no."

dens

The shaft of a long bone is known as the __________.

diaphysis

Seven pairs of ribs articulate ________ with the sternum

directly by costal cartilages

This type of cartilage supports the external ear and keeps it firm but flexible.

elastic

This membrane lines the shaft of long bones and covers the trabeculae of spongy bone.

endosteum

T/F: The ethmoid bone forms the inferior portion of the nasal septum.

false

T/F: The ethmoid bone is a facial bone.

false

T/F: The lumbar vertebrae are part of the appendicular skeleton.

false

T/F: The lumbar vertebrae are roughly the same size as vertebrae from the rest of the vertebral column.

false

The first seven pairs of ribs are called floating ribs because they have only indirect cartilage attachments to the sternum.

false

The padlike menisci of the knee joints contain __________.

fibrocartilage

The type of cartilage that has the greatest strength and is found in the knee joint and intervertebral discs is __________.

fibrocartilage

Which of the cartilage types below is matched correctly to its body location?

fibrocartilage; meniscus of the knee

Before eight weeks, the skeleton of the human embryo is composed of __________.

fibrous membranes and hyaline cartilage

Fontanels are ________.

fibrous membranes in a fetal skull

This is a passageway for blood vessels and nerves

foramen

This single bone of the skull underlies the area we commonly call the forehead

frontal

Which of the following bones is unpaired?

frontal

During infancy and childhood, the single most important stimulus of epiphyseal plate activity is __________ from the anterior pituitary gland.

growth hormone

Correctly match the description of the bony projection with its name: Bony expansion carried on a narrow neck.

head

Identify the part of a rib that articulates in the demi-facets of the thoracic vertebra.

head

This part of the rib articulates with the appropriate vertebra

head

A condyle differs from an epicondyle in that the condyle ________.

helps form a joint

A sebaceous (oil) gland cell of the skin must completely rupture to release its secretory products. Thus, this type of gland is considered to be a __________.

holocrine gland

This is the most common type of skeletal cartilage

hyaline

This type of cartilage attaches ribs to the sternum.

hyaline

What kind of tissue comprises the epiphyseal plate of bones?

hyaline cartilage

This bone does not articulate with any other bone in the body. Muscles of the neck and tongue attach to it.

hyoid

These facial bones increase the ability of the nasal passageways to warm and humidify incoming air.

inferior nasal conchae

Vertebrae belong to this category of bones

irregular

These small paired bones of the orbit contain a passageway through which tears pass.

lacrimal

What is the term for the layers of the bony matrix surrounding the vessels and nerve?

lamellae

A trochanter is a ________.

large, irregularly-shaped projection

The transverse processes of vertebrae point ________, while the spinous process points ________.

laterally, posteriorly

The ________ is the only facial bone with a sinus

maxilla

The ________ is the storage area for yellow marrow in an adult bone.

medullary cavity

Which of these projections of the ethmoid bone are most visible in the nasal cavity?

middle nasal conchae

Which bone is not a part of the orbit?

nasal

Which facial bones makeup the central portion of the bridge of the nose?

nasal

The foramen magnum is located in which bone of the skull?

occipital

The tiny holes in the cribriform plate are:

olfactory foramina

A type of connective tissue that provides primary support and protection for body structures is __________.

osseous tissue

Bone is broken down by __________.

osteoclasts

The cells that maintain mature compact bone matrix are __________.

osteocytes

The lacunae of bone contain __________.

osteocytes

A bone disorder that affects adults and has symptoms that are similar to rickets is called __________.

osteomalacia

All of the following belong to the spongy bone, except __________.

osteons

one-forming cells originate from __________.

osteoprogenitor cells

When Ca2+ concentration in the blood becomes lower than normal, __________.

parathyroid hormone is released

These large paired bones form most of the lateral and superior walls of the cranial vault (calvaria).

parietal

An example of a sesamoid bone is the ________

patella

The diaphysis of a long bone is covered by ________.

periosteum

All of the following are short bones except ________.

phalanges

Osteoporosis occurs most often in ____________________.

postmenopausal women

All the following are functions of the skeleton EXCEPT __________.

production of melanin

Collagen fibers do not __________.

provide for bone hardness

The stroma, or internal framework, of most lymphoid organs is composed of __________.

reticular connective tissue

The midline suture marking the articulation of the two parietal bones is called the ________ suture

sagittal

In adolescence, the "growth spurt" that is observed is mainly attributed to an increase in __________.

sex hormones

An epithelial tissue that consists of a single layer of flattened cells resting on a basement membrane would be classified as _________.

simple squamous epithelium

The hypophyseal fossa of the sella turcica, surrounds the pituitary gland, and is a part of the ________ bone

sphenoid

The __________, commonly referred to as the breastbone, is a flat bone formed by the fusion of three bones: the manubrium, the body, and the xiphoid process.

sternum

Which of the following bones belongs to the axial skeleton?

sternum

Flat bone

sternum (breast bone)

Which landmark is not visible from an anterior view?

superior nasal conchae

This primary curvature of the spine is located in the chest region.

thoracic

The axial skeleton can be divided into the skull, the vertebral column, and the __________.

thoracic cage

T/F: The ethmoid bone is part of the axial skeleton.

true

T/F: The lumbar vertebrae are found in the lower back

true

T/F: The shape of the spinous process can be used to help determine if a vertebra is from the lumbar region

true

Rickets can be caused by a deficiency of __________.

vitamin D

Which bone forms the inferior portion of the nasal septum?

vomer

The bones of the skeleton store energy reserves as fat in __________.

yellow marrow

In adults, ________ marrow fills the central canal of long bones, and ________ marrow is found in the epiphyses of long bones.

yellow, red

These are the cheekbones of the face

zygomatics