Sonosim Arm Venous Anatomy & Physiology

A. True

A high-frequency linear footprint ultrasound transducer is ideally suited for visualizing vascular structures. A. True B. False

E. A and C only

As blood flows through proximal arm veins __________. A. its velocity varies B. a characteristic pulsatile waveform is seen with pulsed-wave Doppler imaging C. its flow velocity increases during inhalation D. All of the above E. A and C only

C. capillary

At the __________ level, an interexchange of intralumenal vascular fluid and surrounding interstitial fluid occurs. A. distal artery B. superficial vein C. capillary D. All of the above E. None of the above

D. all of the above

B. are responsible for the majority of venous drainage in the arm As one moves proximally up the arm (towards the head) with an ultrasound transducer __________. A. veins tend to coalesce B. veins tend to become larger C. veins still remain compressible D. All of the above E. B and C only

E. A and B only

The body's venous system __________. A. stores 60 to 70 percent of the blood volume B. delivers a continuous supply of blood to the heart C. is characterized by high resistance to flow and low capacitance D. All of the above E. A and B only

A. branch into the radial and ulnar veins

The brachial veins coalesce in the antecubital region and subsequently __________. A. branch into the radial and ulnar veins B. become the forearm basilic and cephalic veins C. are classified as part of the superficial venous system D. A and B E. B and C

A. True

The forearm basilic and cephalic veins drain blood from the dorsal venous arch network in the hand. A. True B. False

C. as the vessel crosses over the border of the first rib

The subclavian vein becomes the axillary vein __________. A. at the mid-biceps region of the arm B. along the posterior-axillary line, adjacent to the body of the scapula C. as the vessel crosses over the border of the first rib D. All of the above E. None of the above

D. All of the above

The superficial veins of the arm __________. A. include the cephalic vein, which courses anterolaterally over the biceps B. include the basilic vein, which courses medially over the biceps muscle C. are connected by the median cubital vein D. All of the above E. A and B only

A. True

The transducer used to obtain this image should be rotated 90 degrees to visualize this vessel in long-axis. A. True B. False

B. are responsible for the majority of venous drainage in the arm

Upper-extremity superficial veins __________. A. travel with an accompanying, similarly named artery B. are responsible for the majority of venous drainage in the arm C. demonstrate pulsatile flow with Doppler imaging D. All of the above E. B and C only

D. All of the above

Venous valves __________. A. are found at venous sinuses B. are generally composed of two cusps, but may have one or three cusps C. prevent backflow of venous blood D. All of the above E. A and C only

B. the artery should exhibit pulsatile color-flow signal

When using color Doppler to distinguish a deep artery from its corresponding vein, __________. A. the artery signal is always red, indicating high-velocity flow B. the artery should exhibit pulsatile color-flow signal C. the vein is always blue, indicating low-velocity flow D. All of the above E. A and C only

A. a long-axis view will enable visualization of venous valves and sinuses

When using ultrasound to examine upper-extremity veins, __________. A. a long-axis view will enable visualization of venous valves and sinuses B. applying direct pressure along the handle of the transducer will help visualize underlying veins C. veins are typically difficult to compress and demonstrate pulsatile flow with Doppler imaging D. All of the above E. A and B

E. A and C

When using ultrasound to identify veins, the lumen __________. A. diameter changes with compression B. has a rough, corrugated appearance secondary to the appearance of venous valves C. is anechoic D. A and B E. A and C

D. Cephalic vein

Which of the below vessels is demarcated by the arrow in this image? (arrow points to lateral vessel) A. Radial vein B. Basilic vein C. Median cubital vein D. Cephalic vein E. None of the above

C. Median Cubital vein

Which of the below vessels is demarcated by the arrow in this image? (arrow points to middle vein in elbow) A. Radial vein B. Basilic vein C. Median cubital vein D. Cephalic vein E. Subclavian vein

E. B and C only

Which of the following factors directly contribute(s) to venous return of blood to the heart? A. Left ventricular contractility B. Respiratory system dynamics C. Contraction of skeletal muscle D. A and C only E. B and C only

D. All of the above

Which of the following statement(s) regarding the sonographic characteristics of veins of the upper extremity is correct? A. Venous return can be augmented with distally applied external compression B. Blood flow should be unidirectional within a vessel C. The diameter of proximally located, deep veins will vary with the respiratory cycle D. All of the above E. B and C only

B. Basilic and median cubital veins

Which of the following veins are classified as upper-extremity superficial veins? A. Ulnar and brachial veins B. Basilic and median cubital veins C. Cephalic and radial veins D. Axillary and ulnar veins E. None of the above