Exam 2 chap 6

Concentric lamellae

The rings of the target

Check all that are examples of long bones.

Tibia (leg bone) Phalanges (finger and toe bones) Humerus (bone of the arm)

Cartilage serves as a model for bone growth.

True

Stimulates the production of additional osteoblasts, which will produce additional matrix

Vitamin A

Stimulates the production of collagen, the primary organic component of the bone matrix

Vitamin C

Increases calcium absorption in intestine

Vitamin D

Stimulates absorption of digested minerals, leading to increased deposition of bone matrix

Vitamin D

Blood vessesl, nerves, and lymphatics in compact bone travel through the _____ of an individual osteon; a _____ provides a passageway for the sames types of structures, but between multiple osteons.

central canal; perforating canal

During interstitial growth, the two new cells created by mitosis are called _______.

chondroblasts

The external surface of short bones consists of ______ bone while the interior consists of ______ bone.

compact; spongy Correct

The shaft of a long bone is called the __________, while the expanded, knobby region at each end is called a/an __________.

diaphysis, epiphysis Correct

The secondary ossification center in a long bone is located in the

epiphysis.

If you look at the cross section of a long bone under a microscope, the rings of bone immediately internal to the periosteum of the bone are called

external circumferential lamellae. Correct

Leftover parts of osteons that have been partially resorbed are called

interstitial lamellae

The concentric rings of bone produced are

lamellae.

During interstitial growth of cartilage

new cells and new matrix are produced

Bone producing cells are

osteoblasts

Bone resorption is a function of

osteoclasts

Osteolysis results in liberated calcium that then enters

the blood

Cartilage growth that occurs at the internal edge of the perichondrium is called _________________ growth.

Appositional

Check all that are a function of bone.

Blood cell production Movement Support and Protection Storage of mineral and energy reserves

Select all that are involved with fracture repair.

Chondroblasts Osteoblasts Fibroblasts Osteoclasts

Put the steps of interstitial growth of cartilage in order, beginning with the first step.

Chondrocytes in lacunae undergo mitotic cell division. Two new cells occupy a single lacuna. Cells synthesize and secrete new cartilage matrix and get pushed apart. Two new chondrocytes occupy their own lacunae.

Which of the following is an organic component of bone?

Collagen

Auricle of the ear

Elastic cartilage

Begins with a hyaline cartilage model

Endochondral

Covers all internal surfaces of the bone

Endosteum

Lines medullary cavity

Endosteum

Once the epiphyseal plate fuses and forms an epiphyseal line, the long bone continues to grow in length, but at a slower rate.

False

Pubic symphysis

Fibrocartilage

Scapula (shoulder blade)

Flat bone

Formed by intramembranous ossification

Flat bone of skull

Trachea

Hyaline cartilage

Which is found joining the ribs to the sternum?

Hyaline cartilage

Calcium phosphate/hydroxide crystals

Hydroxyapatite

Which of the following statements is an accurate statement regarding osteopenia and osteoporosis?

In both conditions, there is an imbalance between bone deposition and bone resorption.

Develops from mesenchyme

Intramembranous

Vertebra (bone of the vertebral column)

Irregular bone

Femur (bone of the thigh)

Long bone

Contains bone marrow

Medullary cavity

Contains the growth plate

Metaphysis

Produces osteoid (unmineralized connective tissue) as part of bone formation process

Osteoblast

A patient is diagnosed with osteopenia. Considering this, select all that are true.

Osteoblast activity has decreased. The patient is probably over 40 years old.

Phagocytic multinucleated cell

Osteoclast

Responsible for bone resorption

Osteoclasts

Mature bone cell; recognizes mechanical stress and stresses due to gravity

Osteocyte

Organic components of bone matrix

Osteoid

Lysosomes break down organics while HCl (hydrochloric acid) breaks down minerals

Osteolysis

Contains concentric lamellae

Osteon

Stem cell found in bone marrow

Osteoprogenitor

Covers the outer surface of bone

Periosteum

Specialized short bone that forms within a tendon

Sesamoid

The periosteum is attached to compact bone by _______ fibers.

Sharpey

Carpal (wrist bone)

Short bone

_____ bone contains no osteons, but consists of trabaculae composed of parallel lamellae.

Spongy

Formed from trabeculae

Spongy bone

Select all that apply in relation to appositional growth of cartilage.

Stem cell mitosis in perichondrium results in the creation of a new stem cell and a "committed" chondroblast. Newly-created chondroblasts secrete matrix at periphery of cartilage. Committed cells eventually become mature chondrocytes.

Check all that are a function of cartilage.

Supporting soft tissues Provide a gliding surface at articulations Correct Provide a model for the formation of most bones in the body

Central canal

The bull's-eye

Osteon

The entire target

Put the steps of endochondral ossification in the correct order.

The fetal hyaline cartilage model develops. Cartilage calcifies, and a periosteal bone collar forms. The primary ossification center forms in the diaphysis. Secondary ossification centers form in the epiphysis Bone replaces cartilage except at the epiphyseal plates.