Exam 2 Cognitive Psych

Which of these tasks tests the visuospatial sketchpad? a) mentally rotating objects in space b) recalling items that sound alike c) trying to memorize a list of multisyllable words d) recalling kinesthetic sensory memories

a) mentally rotating objects in space

Tasks that initially require controlled attention can become automatic with ______. a) practice b) cognition c) attentional filtering d) perfection

a) practice

In Treisman and Gelade's (1980) experiments on visual search for a target, the targets in the ______ condition seemed to pop out of the displays. a) single-feature b) conjunction-feature c) change blindness d) color

a) single-feature

Describe the types of memory errors one is likely to make after studying and recalling the following list: happy, game, honey, trust, lame, bee. Assume that recall occurs after 30 seconds. a) sound errors, such as "tame" or "see" b) syllable errors, such as "happiness" or "trusting" c) antonym errors, such as "sad" or "distrust" d) chunking errors, such as "happy, game, football"

a) sound errors, such as "tame" or "see"

It is possible to increase the amount of time that information stays in short-term memory by practicing ______. a) passive rehearsal b) active rehearsal c) passive recall d) partial recall

b) active rehersal

Which subsystem of the working-memory system controls the focus of attention? a) episodic buffer b) central executive c) phonological loop d) visuospatial sketchpad

b) central executive

At a party, you become distracted and fail to notice that someone standing next to you has left and another person has replaced her. This scenario is an example of ______. a) the cocktail party effect b) inattentional blindness c) the dual-task method d) attentional resources

b) inattentional blindness

Not noticing a change in the environment from moment to moment is called ______. a) selective attention b) inattentional blindness c) attention capture d) visual search

b) inattentional blindness

Schneider and Shiffrin's (1977) experiments showed that when the targets and distractors were ______, the task became automatic for the subjects. a) of different types b) of the same type c) of different colors d) of the same color

b) of the same type

Cowan's 1999 study suggests that working memory is ______. a) the currently activated part of short-term memory b) the currently activated part of long-term memory c) isolated within the phonological loop d) isolated within the visuospatial sketchpad

b) the currently activated part of long-term memory

Why is it easier for research subjects to complete a Stroop task if they are unfamiliar with the language the task is presented in? a) If reading that language creates an attention bottleneck, then he or she will complete the task more efficiently. b) The subjects find it interesting to learn a new language, so they pay greater attention to the task. c) If reading that language is not an automatic process for the subject, then the language will not interfere with color naming. d) The human brain cannot conduct an automatic process and a conscious controlled process at the same time.

c) If reading that language is not an automatic process for the subject, then the language will not interfere with color naming.

Which of these is an example of proactive interference? a) You have an easier time memorizing strings of random numbers than you have memorizing strings of random letters. b) You get a new bank card and a new personal identification number (PIN), and then you realize that you can no longer remember your old PIN. c) You get a new bank card and a new PIN, but you keep entering your old PIN from your old card. d) You have an easier time memorizing strings of random letters than you have memorizing strings of random numbers.

c) You get a new bank card and a new PIN, but you keep entering your old PIN from your old card.

Which subsystem of the working-memory system allows for rehearsal of information held for the short term? a) episodic buffer b) central executive c) phonological loop d) visuospatial sketchpad

c) phonological loop

An example of prospective memory is remembering ______. a) what you had for breakfast yesterday b) how to make breakfast c) that you need breakfast before you leave the house d) what the word "breakfast" means

c) that you need breakfast before you leave the house

What are the similar aspects in Treisman's feature integration model and Schneider and Shiffrin's (1977) description of attention? a) Both describe how research subjects react when they notice something that is personally meaningful. b) Neither model tracks the differences between varied and consistent mapping. c) Neither model considers how automatic processing affects cognition. d) Both models contain conscious and automatic processes that support attention.

d) Both models contain conscious and automatic processes that support attention.

In a study, subjects must perform math problems while also trying to remember lists of words for later recall. Researchers compare the performance on the memory assignment with and without the accompanying math problems to determine if those calculations interfere with performance. This study uses the ______ methodology to study attention abilities. a) visual search b) conjunction search c) inattentional blindness d) dual-task

d) dual-task

The types of memory are ______. a) short-term and long-term b) semantic and flashbulb c) explicit and implicit d) not yet known for certain

d) not yet known for certain

The storage unit in the modal model of memory that holds information for a second or two as raw information from the senses is ______ memory. a) working b) long-term c) short-term d) sensory

d) sensory

Consolidation that occurs slowly over time is called ______ consolidation. a) synaptic b) systems c) transfer-appropriate d) implicit

systems