Exam 2 - Dynamic Study Modules

What is/are the subdivision or subdivisions of the popliteal artery? - Femoral and deep femoral arteries - Peroneal artery - Great saphenous vessel - Anterior and posterior tibial arteries

Anterior and posterior tibial arteries

To what pressure does the term blood pressure refer? - Capillary pressure - Venous pressure - Atmospheric pressure - Arterial pressure

Arterial pressure

Which of the following are characterized by a thick tunica media, a rippled endothelium, and an internal elastic membrane? - Sinusoids - Arteries - Capillaries - Veins

Arteries

The greatest resistance to blood flow occurs in which of the following vessels? - Venules - Arterioles - Capillaries - Veins

Arterioles

Most of the time, the body has to adjust to blood pressure that is too low. What hormone is produced to help lower blood pressure back to normal homeostatic levels when it is too high? - Atrial natriuretic peptide - Antidiuretic hormone - Aldosterone - Acetylcholine

Atrial natriuretic peptide

Which of the following do(es) NOT contribute to total peripheral resistance? - Blood pressure - Vessel length and diameter - Blood viscosity - Turbulence

Blood pressure

If blood flow to the kidneys were decreased by constriction or compression of the renal artery, what effect would this have on blood pressure and blood volume? - Blood pressure and blood volume would decrease. - Blood volume would decrease and blood pressure would increase. - Blood cell production would increase but blood pressure would decrease. - Blood pressure and volume would increase.

Blood pressure and volume would increase.

Which of the following does NOT supply oxygenated blood to the brain? - Vertebral artery - Cerebral arterial circle - Brachial artery - Internal carotid artery

Brachial artery

Which vein or veins receive(s) blood from the head, neck, and upper extremities? - Azygos vein - Subclavian veins - Brachiocephalic veins - Jugular veins

Brachiocephalic veins

What is the only area of the body where blood supply is unaffected while the individual exercises at maximum levels? - Gallbladder - Stomach - Skeletal muscle - Brain

Brain

Where in the systemic circulation is the blood flow the slowest? - Medium-sized veins - Capillaries - Venules - Vena cavae

Capillaries

Ch 19: Blood Vessels and Circulation

Ch 19: Blood Vessels and Circulation

Ch 20: The Lymphatic System and Immunity

Ch 20: The Lymphatic System and Immunity

Which vein or veins drain(s) venous blood from the legs and the pelvis? - Great saphenous vein - Femoral veins - Common iliac veins - Posterior tibial veins

Common iliac veins

Which veins bring blood from the lower limbs to the inferior vena cava? - Jugular veins - Lumbar veins - Common iliac veins - Brachiocephalic veins

Common iliac veins

Which control mechanisms are involved in both short-term and long-term regulation of cardiovascular performance? - Autonomic regulation - Endocrine regulation - Central regulation - Autoregulation

Endocrine regulation

When the capillary hydrostatic pressure (CHP) is higher than the blood colloid osmotic pressure (BCOP), which of the following events occurs? - None of the listed responses is correct. - Reabsorption - Filtration - Equilibrium

Filtration

Which of the following is/are NOT a location of the baroreceptors that are involved in cardiovascular regulation? - Lungs - Wall of the right atrium - Carotid sinuses - Aortic sinuses

Lungs

Mastering Quizzes

Mastering Quizzes

Which chamber of the heart receives richly oxygenated blood from the lungs by the pulmonary veins? - Left ventricle - Right ventricle - Left atrium - Right atrium

Left atrium

Which of the following arteries supplies oxygenated blood to the stomach? - Superior mesenteric artery - Adrenal artery - Left gastric artery - Inferior mesenteric artery

Left gastric artery

The systemic blood circuit pumps blood to the body systems other than the lungs and returns blood to the heart. Which are the pumping and receiving chambers of the systemic circuit? - Left ventricle and right atrium - Right ventricle and right atrium - Left ventricle and left atrium - Right ventricle and left atrium

Left ventricle and right atrium

Why are valves located in veins but not arteries? - Bigger lumen in veins - Veins have less smooth muscle. - Lower blood pressure in veins - Veins are more distensible.

Lower blood pressure in veins

If a 190-pound man donated 500 ml of blood (approximately an 8.5 percent blood loss), what short-term responses will occur? - Immediate replacement of blood volume - Bone marrow would replace blood cells. - Mobilization of venous reserve - Angiotensin II would be produced.

Mobilization of venous reserve

What is the problem in a "blue baby"? - Patent ductus arteriosus - Ventricular septal defect - Transposition of the great vessels - Tetralogy of Fallot

Patent ductus arteriosus

What are the two major factors affecting blood flow rates? - Neural and hormonal control mechanisms - Diameters and lengths of blood vessels - Pressure and resistance - Turbulence and viscosity

Pressure and resistance

Angiotensin II is a powerful long-term regulator of blood volume and pressure. Which of the following is NOT an effect of angiotensin II? - Stimulation of thirst - Production of renin - Production of aldosterone - Production of ADH

Production of renin

What is the role of aldosterone and ADH in long-term response to blood loss? - Promoting fluid retention - Increasing heart rate - Stimulating red blood cell production - Mobilizing venous reserves of blood

Promoting fluid retention

The right and left common iliac arteries branches off of the - abdominal aorta - celiac trunk. - pulmonary trunk. - thoracic aorta. - inferior vena cava.

abdominal aorta

A local vasodilator would act to __________. - constrict precapillary sphincters - accelerate blood flow through a tissue - reduce blood flow through a tissue - raise blood pressure in a tissue

accelerate blood flow through a tissue

Which would reduce peripheral resistance: an increase in vessel length or an increase in vessel diameter? (Module 19.6C) - an increase in vessel length - an increase in vessel diameter

an increase in vessel diameter

The link between adjacent arteries or veins that reduces the impact of a temporary or permanent occlusion of a single blood vessel is a(n) __________. - anastomosis - arteriole - cardiovascular bypass - venule

anastomosis

Identify the largest artery in the body. (Module 19.16A) - brachiocephalic - aorta - carotid - vena cava - iliac

aorta

The regulation of cardiac output primarily involves the activities of the __________. - autonomic nervous system - somatic nervous system - central nervous system - All of the listed responses are correct.

autonomic nervous system

The link between the subclavian and the brachial arteries is the __________. - vertebral artery - brachiocephalic artery - axillary artery - cephalic artery

axillary artery

Metabolites exchange by diffusion with the tissues and the cells in which of the following locations? - vein - arteriole - capillary - artery - venule

capillary

Blood from the lower limbs, the pelvis, and the lower abdomen is delivered to the __________. - hepatic portal system - great saphenous veins - hepatic veins - common iliac veins

common iliac veins

Inflammation produces all of the localized effects except - increased pain - increased swelling. - increased heat. - increased redness. - decreased blood flow.

decreased blood flow.

The movement of phagocytes through the capillary wall is called - apoptosis. - chemotaxis. - diapedesis. - phagocytosis. - involution.

diapedesis

Identify the hormones responsible for short-term regulation of decreasing blood pressure and blood volume. (Module 19.10A) - erythropoietin and thrombopoietin - ADH and aldosterone - aldosterone and cortisol - natriuretic peptides - epinephrine and norepinephrine

epinephrine and norepinephrine

The external iliac artery becomes the ________ artery as it enters the lower limbs. - radial - deep femoral - tibial - femoral - popliteal

femoral

As an external iliac artery leaves the body trunk and enters a lower limb, it becomes the __________. - posterior tibial artery - lower abdominal aorta - fibular artery - femoral artery

femoral artery

Each of the following will cause an increase in blood pressure except - increased levels of aldosterone. - increased levels of ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide). - increased levels of ADH (antidiuretic hormone). - increased blood volume. - increased levels of angiotensin II.

increased levels of ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide).

The three primary, interrelated changes that occur as exercise begins are __________. - increasing vasodilation, decreasing venous return, and increasing cardiac output - decreasing vasodilation, increasing venous return, and increasing cardiac output - decreasing vasodilation, decreasing venous return, and decreasing cardiac output - increasing vasodilation, increasing venous return, and increasing cardiac output

increasing vasodilation, increasing venous return, and increasing cardiac output

The large artery that serves the brain is the __________. - cephalic artery - internal carotid artery - external carotid artery - subclavian artery

internal carotid artery

After puberty, the thymus gradually shrinks and becomes more fibrous, in a process called - involution. - conversion. - diminishment. - necrosis. - atrophy.

involution

A sample of John's blood shows a high level of pyrogens. This would indicate that John - is running a fever. - is feeling achy. - has a sore throat. - has swollen lymph nodes. -- is producing T lymphocytes.

is running a fever.

The three arterial branches of the celiac trunk are the __________. - splenic, pancreatic, and mesenteric arteries - brachial, ulnar, and radial arteries - phrenic, intercostal, and adrenolumbar arteries - left gastric, splenic, and common hepatic arteries

left gastric, splenic, and common hepatic arteries

Blood pressure increases with all of the following except increased - force of cardiac contraction - blood volume - cardiac output - peripheral resistance - parasympathetic innervation.

parasympathetic innervation

Name the two large lymphatic vessels into which the lymphatic trunks empty. (Module 20.3B) - right lymphatic duct and left lymphatic duct - thoracic duct and abdominopelvic duct - right lymphatic duct and thoracic duct - bronchomediastinal duct and intestinal duct - left lymphatic duct and thoracic duct

right lymphatic duct and thoracic duct

The artery that supplies blood to most of the small intestine and to the first half of the large intestine is the __________. - inferior mesenteric artery - superior mesenteric artery - adrenal artery - hepatic artery

superior mesenteric artery

In taking a patient's blood pressure, you find that it is 120/80. The higher number (120) is the __________. - pulse pressure - systolic pressure - capillary pressure - diastolic pressure

systolic pressure

Of the following arteries, the one that is an elastic artery is - the brachial artery. - the external carotid artery. - the left subclavian artery. - the femoral artery. - none of the above.

the left subclavian artery.

Lymphocyte production does not occur in - bone marrow. - peripheral lymphoid tissues. - the spleen. - the liver. - thymus tissue.

the liver.

The unidirectional flow of blood in venules and medium-sized veins is maintained by __________. - the presence of valves - arterial pressure - the muscular walls of the veins - pressure from the left ventricle

the presence of valves

T is to ________ as B is to ________. - non-thymus-dependent; bottom - top; bottom - thyroid; bowel - thymus-dependent; bone marrow-derived - None of the answers is correct.

thymus-dependent; bone marrow-derived

The vasa vasorum, the collection of small arteries and veins supplying blood to the smooth muscle and fibroblasts within blood vessels, is found in the ________________. - tunica externa - tunica intima - tunica media - lumen

tunica externa

Resistance caused by the irregular, swirling movements of blood at high flow rates or over uneven surfaces is called __________. - circulatory pressure - viscosity - venous pressure - turbulence

turbulence

Blood flow of the fetus to and from the placenta is provided by __________ arteries and veins. - umbilical - renal - hepatic - lumbar

umbilical

At rest, the greatest volume of blood is found in ___________. - large venous networks - systemic capillaries - venules and medium-sized veins - large veins

venules and medium-sized veins

An increase in cardiac output normally occurs during __________. - widespread sympathetic stimulation - the process of vasomotion - widespread parasympathetic stimulation - stimulation of the vasomotor center

widespread sympathetic stimulation

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) reduces blood pressure and volume by __________. - All of the listed responses are correct. - increasing water loss from the kidneys - stimulating peripheral vasodilation - blocking the release of ADH

All of the listed responses are correct.

When the baroreceptors in the aortic and carotid sinuses are inhibited, which of the following occurs? - The cardioacceleratory center is stimulated. - The vasomotor center is stimulated. - All of the listed responses are correct. - The cardioinhibitory center is inhibited.

All of the listed responses are correct.

If the systolic pressure is 120 mm Hg and the diastolic pressure is 90 mm Hg, what is the mean arterial pressure (MAP)? - 30 mm Hg - 80 mm Hg - 100 mm Hg - 210 mm Hg

100 mm Hg

Which of the following statements about the liver is NOT true? - The inferior mesenteric, splenic, and superior mesenteric veins deliver venous blood to the liver. - The presence of continuous capillaries in the liver allows new plasma proteins made in the hepatocytes to enter the capillaries. - All of the listed responses are true. - The liver is supplied by both hepatic arteries and veins.

All of the listed responses are true.

Local vasodilators are important in regulating blood flow in capillary beds within tissues. Which of the following would NOT function as a local vasodilator? - Increased lactic acid levels - Decreased tissue temperature - Increased CO2 levels - Decreased O2 levels

Decreased tissue temperature

The chemoreceptors in the carotid and aortic bodies are helpful in controlling blood pressure. Which is NOT a stimulator of the chemoreceptors? - Increased CO2 levels in the blood - Decreased pH of the blood and CSF - Decreased water levels in the blood - Decreased O2 in the blood

Decreased water levels in the blood

What structure connects the pulmonary and aortic trunks in the fetus and permits blood to flow between them? - Ductus arteriosus - Fossa ovalis - Foramen ovale - Umbilical artery

Ductus arteriosus

F = BP/PR is an important equation to describe the factors that influence blood circulation. Which of the following correctly describes this equation? - Flow is directly proportional to blood pressure and inversely proportional to peripheral resistance. - Flow increases when peripheral resistance increases. - Flow is directly proportional to peripheral resistance and inversely proportional to blood pressure. - Flow decreases when blood pressure increases.

Flow is directly proportional to blood pressure and inversely proportional to peripheral resistance.

What inter-atrial opening allows blood entering the fetal right atrium to bypass the pulmonary circuit? - Ductus venosus - Ductus arteriosus - Foramen ovale - Pulmonary trunk

Foramen ovale

What is the most important determinant of vascular resistance? - A combination of neural and hormonal mechanisms - Friction between the blood and the vessel walls - Differences in the lengths of the blood vessels - The diameters of the arterioles

Friction between the blood and the vessel walls

Which vessel brings nutrient-rich blood from the digestive tract to the liver? - Hepatic portal vein - Gonadal vein - Hepatic vein - Phrenic vein

Hepatic portal vein

How does aldosterone help in the long-term regulation of blood pressure? - Increasing Na+ retention - Increasing red blood cell production - Increasing K+ retention - Directly stimulating water retention

Increasing Na+ retention

What does the formula F = P/R mean? (Note: F = flow; P = pressure; R = resistance.) - Increasing P and increasing R decreases F. - Increasing P and decreasing R increases F. - Decreasing P and increasing R increases F. - Decreasing P and decreasing R increases F.

Increasing P and decreasing R increases F.

What effect would applying slight pressure to the common carotid artery have on your heart rate and blood pressure? - Increasing heart rate and blood pressure - Decreasing heart rate and increasing blood pressure - Increasing heart rate and decreasing blood pressure - Decreasing heart rate and blood pressure

Increasing heart rate and blood pressure

Consider the following pathway: Blood full of nutrients from the digestive system moves through the hepatic portal system to the liver.The hepatic veins then carry blood from the liver to which large vein that transports the blood to the heart? - Inferior vena cava - Superior mesenteric vein - Hepatic portal vein - Superior vena cava

Inferior vena cava

Which artery/arteries directly supplies/supply blood to the pelvic organs? - External iliac artery - Common iliac arteries - Internal iliac artery - Femoral artery

Internal iliac artery

Which vessels carry deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs? - Coronary arteries - Pulmonary arteries - Pulmonary veins - Bronchial arteries

Pulmonary arteries

Which circuit brings blood to the lungs to be oxygenated before returning it to the heart? - Renal circuit - Pulmonary circuit - Hepatic portal circuit - Systemic circuit

Pulmonary circuit

When blood pressure and volume fall suddenly, such as after a hemorrhage, which of the following would NOT be a short-term response to compensate for the blood loss and raise blood pressure? - Release of erythropoietin to stimulate blood cell development - Increase in cardiac output - Release of epinephrine and norepinephrine to promote vasoconstriction - Release of ADH to retain water in the kidneys

Release of erythropoietin to stimulate blood cell development

Which of the following vessels is NOT a main branch of the aortic arch? - Left common carotid - Brachiocephalic artery - Left subclavian artery - Right common carotid

Right common carotid

What type of capillaries have large gaps, allow a free exchange of water and solutes, and are found in the liver, bone marrow, and spleen? - Continuous - Intercalated - Fenestrated - Sinusoidal

Sinusoidal

Which organ or organs receive the greatest increase in blood flow during strenuous exercise? - Skeletal muscle - Skin - Brain - Heart

Skeletal muscle

Where in the body would you find fenestrated capillaries? - Pancreas - Small intestine and kidneys - Liver and spleen - Bone marrow

Small intestine and kidneys

At a patient's routine checkup, a nurse uses a sphygmomanometer to measure the patient's blood pressure at the brachial artery. The nurse increases the cuff pressure to a point at which the rhythmic pulsing sound is no longer audible. When the nurse decreases the pressure, the pulsing sound returns. What pressure is producing this sound? - Venous pressure - Systolic pressure - Capillary hydrostatic pressure - Diastolic pressure

Systolic pressure

Adaptive immunity is the result of the actions of - NK cells - antigen-antibody complexes - interferons. - T and B cells. - mast cells.

T and B cells.

Identify the three main classes of lymphocytes. (Module 20.4A) - RBCs, WBCs, and platelets - cytotoxic T cells, helper T cells, and memory T cells - acute lymphocytes, chronic lymphocytes, and resident lymphocytes - T cells, B cells, and natural killer cells - T cells, B cells, and helper cells

T cells, B cells, and natural killer cells

Why is water filtered out of the arterial end of capillaries? - The arterial end of the capillaries is more permeable than the venous end. - The arterial end of the capillary is fenestrated whereas the venous end is a continuous capillary. - The capillary osmotic pressure is lower at the arterial end than the venous end. - The capillary hydrostatic pressure (blood pressure) is greater on the arterial end of the capillary than on the venous end.

The capillary hydrostatic pressure (blood pressure) is greater on the arterial end of the capillary than on the venous end.

Compression of which vessels would cause a person to lose consciousness? - The jugular veins - The common carotid arteries - The cerebral arteries - The bronchial arteries

The common carotid arteries

List the components of the lymphatic system. (Module 20.1B) - The components of the lymphatic system are the blood, blood vessels, lymph, and lymphatic vessels. - The components of the lymphatic system are the lymphocytes, lymph, lymphatic vessels, primary lymphoid tissues and organs, and secondary lymphoid tissues and organs. - The components of the lymphatic system are the lymphocytes, lymph, lymph nodes, and lymphatic vessels. - The components of the lymphatic system are the lymph and lymph nodes. - The components of the lymphatic system are the red blood cells, lymphocytes, blood plasma, lymph, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels.

The components of the lymphatic system are the lymphocytes, lymph, lymphatic vessels, primary lymphoid tissues and organs, and secondary lymphoid tissues and organs.

All of the following are characteristics of cardiovascular regulation except - The heart rate decreasing as stroke volume decreases. - Changes occur without drastically altering blood pressure. - Blood flow through tissues meets the demand for nutrients. - Blood flow changes to match tissue responses. - Blood flow through tissues meets the demand for oxygen.

The heart rate decreasing as stroke volume decreases.

Which of the following is NOT a reason why elastic arteries have a tunica media with a large portion of elastic fibers and relatively fewer smooth muscle fibers? - To recoil after being stretched - To tolerate pressure changes - To help maintain blood flow away from the heart - To help maintain blood pressure as blood returns to the heart

To help maintain blood pressure as blood returns to the heart

Which of the following vascular layers contains a thin epithelial layer called the endothelium as well as a layer of connective tissue with a variable number of elastic fibers? - Tunica externa - Tunica media - Tunica adventitia - Tunica interna

Tunica interna

Which layer of the blood vessel wall contains smooth muscle? - Tunica adventitia - Tunica externa - Tunica intima - Tunica media

Tunica media

Which of the following are characterized by a thin tunica media and valves that prevent the backflow of blood? - Arteries - Capillaries - Veins - Sinusoids

Veins