Exam 2 - Dynamic Study Modules
What is/are the subdivision or subdivisions of the popliteal artery? - Femoral and deep femoral arteries - Peroneal artery - Great saphenous vessel - Anterior and posterior tibial arteries
Anterior and posterior tibial arteries
To what pressure does the term blood pressure refer? - Capillary pressure - Venous pressure - Atmospheric pressure - Arterial pressure
Arterial pressure
Which of the following are characterized by a thick tunica media, a rippled endothelium, and an internal elastic membrane? - Sinusoids - Arteries - Capillaries - Veins
Arteries
The greatest resistance to blood flow occurs in which of the following vessels? - Venules - Arterioles - Capillaries - Veins
Arterioles
Most of the time, the body has to adjust to blood pressure that is too low. What hormone is produced to help lower blood pressure back to normal homeostatic levels when it is too high? - Atrial natriuretic peptide - Antidiuretic hormone - Aldosterone - Acetylcholine
Atrial natriuretic peptide
Which of the following do(es) NOT contribute to total peripheral resistance? - Blood pressure - Vessel length and diameter - Blood viscosity - Turbulence
Blood pressure
If blood flow to the kidneys were decreased by constriction or compression of the renal artery, what effect would this have on blood pressure and blood volume? - Blood pressure and blood volume would decrease. - Blood volume would decrease and blood pressure would increase. - Blood cell production would increase but blood pressure would decrease. - Blood pressure and volume would increase.
Blood pressure and volume would increase.
Which of the following does NOT supply oxygenated blood to the brain? - Vertebral artery - Cerebral arterial circle - Brachial artery - Internal carotid artery
Brachial artery
Which vein or veins receive(s) blood from the head, neck, and upper extremities? - Azygos vein - Subclavian veins - Brachiocephalic veins - Jugular veins
Brachiocephalic veins
What is the only area of the body where blood supply is unaffected while the individual exercises at maximum levels? - Gallbladder - Stomach - Skeletal muscle - Brain
Brain
Where in the systemic circulation is the blood flow the slowest? - Medium-sized veins - Capillaries - Venules - Vena cavae
Capillaries
Ch 19: Blood Vessels and Circulation
Ch 19: Blood Vessels and Circulation
Ch 20: The Lymphatic System and Immunity
Ch 20: The Lymphatic System and Immunity
Which vein or veins drain(s) venous blood from the legs and the pelvis? - Great saphenous vein - Femoral veins - Common iliac veins - Posterior tibial veins
Common iliac veins
Which veins bring blood from the lower limbs to the inferior vena cava? - Jugular veins - Lumbar veins - Common iliac veins - Brachiocephalic veins
Common iliac veins
Which control mechanisms are involved in both short-term and long-term regulation of cardiovascular performance? - Autonomic regulation - Endocrine regulation - Central regulation - Autoregulation
Endocrine regulation
When the capillary hydrostatic pressure (CHP) is higher than the blood colloid osmotic pressure (BCOP), which of the following events occurs? - None of the listed responses is correct. - Reabsorption - Filtration - Equilibrium
Filtration
Which of the following is/are NOT a location of the baroreceptors that are involved in cardiovascular regulation? - Lungs - Wall of the right atrium - Carotid sinuses - Aortic sinuses
Lungs
Mastering Quizzes
Mastering Quizzes
Which chamber of the heart receives richly oxygenated blood from the lungs by the pulmonary veins? - Left ventricle - Right ventricle - Left atrium - Right atrium
Left atrium
Which of the following arteries supplies oxygenated blood to the stomach? - Superior mesenteric artery - Adrenal artery - Left gastric artery - Inferior mesenteric artery
Left gastric artery
The systemic blood circuit pumps blood to the body systems other than the lungs and returns blood to the heart. Which are the pumping and receiving chambers of the systemic circuit? - Left ventricle and right atrium - Right ventricle and right atrium - Left ventricle and left atrium - Right ventricle and left atrium
Left ventricle and right atrium
Why are valves located in veins but not arteries? - Bigger lumen in veins - Veins have less smooth muscle. - Lower blood pressure in veins - Veins are more distensible.
Lower blood pressure in veins
If a 190-pound man donated 500 ml of blood (approximately an 8.5 percent blood loss), what short-term responses will occur? - Immediate replacement of blood volume - Bone marrow would replace blood cells. - Mobilization of venous reserve - Angiotensin II would be produced.
Mobilization of venous reserve
What is the problem in a "blue baby"? - Patent ductus arteriosus - Ventricular septal defect - Transposition of the great vessels - Tetralogy of Fallot
Patent ductus arteriosus
What are the two major factors affecting blood flow rates? - Neural and hormonal control mechanisms - Diameters and lengths of blood vessels - Pressure and resistance - Turbulence and viscosity
Pressure and resistance
Angiotensin II is a powerful long-term regulator of blood volume and pressure. Which of the following is NOT an effect of angiotensin II? - Stimulation of thirst - Production of renin - Production of aldosterone - Production of ADH
Production of renin
What is the role of aldosterone and ADH in long-term response to blood loss? - Promoting fluid retention - Increasing heart rate - Stimulating red blood cell production - Mobilizing venous reserves of blood
Promoting fluid retention
The right and left common iliac arteries branches off of the - abdominal aorta - celiac trunk. - pulmonary trunk. - thoracic aorta. - inferior vena cava.
abdominal aorta
A local vasodilator would act to __________. - constrict precapillary sphincters - accelerate blood flow through a tissue - reduce blood flow through a tissue - raise blood pressure in a tissue
accelerate blood flow through a tissue
Which would reduce peripheral resistance: an increase in vessel length or an increase in vessel diameter? (Module 19.6C) - an increase in vessel length - an increase in vessel diameter
an increase in vessel diameter
The link between adjacent arteries or veins that reduces the impact of a temporary or permanent occlusion of a single blood vessel is a(n) __________. - anastomosis - arteriole - cardiovascular bypass - venule
anastomosis
Identify the largest artery in the body. (Module 19.16A) - brachiocephalic - aorta - carotid - vena cava - iliac
aorta
The regulation of cardiac output primarily involves the activities of the __________. - autonomic nervous system - somatic nervous system - central nervous system - All of the listed responses are correct.
autonomic nervous system
The link between the subclavian and the brachial arteries is the __________. - vertebral artery - brachiocephalic artery - axillary artery - cephalic artery
axillary artery
Metabolites exchange by diffusion with the tissues and the cells in which of the following locations? - vein - arteriole - capillary - artery - venule
capillary
Blood from the lower limbs, the pelvis, and the lower abdomen is delivered to the __________. - hepatic portal system - great saphenous veins - hepatic veins - common iliac veins
common iliac veins
Inflammation produces all of the localized effects except - increased pain - increased swelling. - increased heat. - increased redness. - decreased blood flow.
decreased blood flow.
The movement of phagocytes through the capillary wall is called - apoptosis. - chemotaxis. - diapedesis. - phagocytosis. - involution.
diapedesis
Identify the hormones responsible for short-term regulation of decreasing blood pressure and blood volume. (Module 19.10A) - erythropoietin and thrombopoietin - ADH and aldosterone - aldosterone and cortisol - natriuretic peptides - epinephrine and norepinephrine
epinephrine and norepinephrine
The external iliac artery becomes the ________ artery as it enters the lower limbs. - radial - deep femoral - tibial - femoral - popliteal
femoral
As an external iliac artery leaves the body trunk and enters a lower limb, it becomes the __________. - posterior tibial artery - lower abdominal aorta - fibular artery - femoral artery
femoral artery
Each of the following will cause an increase in blood pressure except - increased levels of aldosterone. - increased levels of ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide). - increased levels of ADH (antidiuretic hormone). - increased blood volume. - increased levels of angiotensin II.
increased levels of ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide).
The three primary, interrelated changes that occur as exercise begins are __________. - increasing vasodilation, decreasing venous return, and increasing cardiac output - decreasing vasodilation, increasing venous return, and increasing cardiac output - decreasing vasodilation, decreasing venous return, and decreasing cardiac output - increasing vasodilation, increasing venous return, and increasing cardiac output
increasing vasodilation, increasing venous return, and increasing cardiac output
The large artery that serves the brain is the __________. - cephalic artery - internal carotid artery - external carotid artery - subclavian artery
internal carotid artery
After puberty, the thymus gradually shrinks and becomes more fibrous, in a process called - involution. - conversion. - diminishment. - necrosis. - atrophy.
involution
A sample of John's blood shows a high level of pyrogens. This would indicate that John - is running a fever. - is feeling achy. - has a sore throat. - has swollen lymph nodes. -- is producing T lymphocytes.
is running a fever.
The three arterial branches of the celiac trunk are the __________. - splenic, pancreatic, and mesenteric arteries - brachial, ulnar, and radial arteries - phrenic, intercostal, and adrenolumbar arteries - left gastric, splenic, and common hepatic arteries
left gastric, splenic, and common hepatic arteries
Blood pressure increases with all of the following except increased - force of cardiac contraction - blood volume - cardiac output - peripheral resistance - parasympathetic innervation.
parasympathetic innervation
Name the two large lymphatic vessels into which the lymphatic trunks empty. (Module 20.3B) - right lymphatic duct and left lymphatic duct - thoracic duct and abdominopelvic duct - right lymphatic duct and thoracic duct - bronchomediastinal duct and intestinal duct - left lymphatic duct and thoracic duct
right lymphatic duct and thoracic duct
The artery that supplies blood to most of the small intestine and to the first half of the large intestine is the __________. - inferior mesenteric artery - superior mesenteric artery - adrenal artery - hepatic artery
superior mesenteric artery
In taking a patient's blood pressure, you find that it is 120/80. The higher number (120) is the __________. - pulse pressure - systolic pressure - capillary pressure - diastolic pressure
systolic pressure
Of the following arteries, the one that is an elastic artery is - the brachial artery. - the external carotid artery. - the left subclavian artery. - the femoral artery. - none of the above.
the left subclavian artery.
Lymphocyte production does not occur in - bone marrow. - peripheral lymphoid tissues. - the spleen. - the liver. - thymus tissue.
the liver.
The unidirectional flow of blood in venules and medium-sized veins is maintained by __________. - the presence of valves - arterial pressure - the muscular walls of the veins - pressure from the left ventricle
the presence of valves
T is to ________ as B is to ________. - non-thymus-dependent; bottom - top; bottom - thyroid; bowel - thymus-dependent; bone marrow-derived - None of the answers is correct.
thymus-dependent; bone marrow-derived
The vasa vasorum, the collection of small arteries and veins supplying blood to the smooth muscle and fibroblasts within blood vessels, is found in the ________________. - tunica externa - tunica intima - tunica media - lumen
tunica externa
Resistance caused by the irregular, swirling movements of blood at high flow rates or over uneven surfaces is called __________. - circulatory pressure - viscosity - venous pressure - turbulence
turbulence
Blood flow of the fetus to and from the placenta is provided by __________ arteries and veins. - umbilical - renal - hepatic - lumbar
umbilical
At rest, the greatest volume of blood is found in ___________. - large venous networks - systemic capillaries - venules and medium-sized veins - large veins
venules and medium-sized veins
An increase in cardiac output normally occurs during __________. - widespread sympathetic stimulation - the process of vasomotion - widespread parasympathetic stimulation - stimulation of the vasomotor center
widespread sympathetic stimulation
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) reduces blood pressure and volume by __________. - All of the listed responses are correct. - increasing water loss from the kidneys - stimulating peripheral vasodilation - blocking the release of ADH
All of the listed responses are correct.
When the baroreceptors in the aortic and carotid sinuses are inhibited, which of the following occurs? - The cardioacceleratory center is stimulated. - The vasomotor center is stimulated. - All of the listed responses are correct. - The cardioinhibitory center is inhibited.
All of the listed responses are correct.
If the systolic pressure is 120 mm Hg and the diastolic pressure is 90 mm Hg, what is the mean arterial pressure (MAP)? - 30 mm Hg - 80 mm Hg - 100 mm Hg - 210 mm Hg
100 mm Hg
Which of the following statements about the liver is NOT true? - The inferior mesenteric, splenic, and superior mesenteric veins deliver venous blood to the liver. - The presence of continuous capillaries in the liver allows new plasma proteins made in the hepatocytes to enter the capillaries. - All of the listed responses are true. - The liver is supplied by both hepatic arteries and veins.
All of the listed responses are true.
Local vasodilators are important in regulating blood flow in capillary beds within tissues. Which of the following would NOT function as a local vasodilator? - Increased lactic acid levels - Decreased tissue temperature - Increased CO2 levels - Decreased O2 levels
Decreased tissue temperature
The chemoreceptors in the carotid and aortic bodies are helpful in controlling blood pressure. Which is NOT a stimulator of the chemoreceptors? - Increased CO2 levels in the blood - Decreased pH of the blood and CSF - Decreased water levels in the blood - Decreased O2 in the blood
Decreased water levels in the blood
What structure connects the pulmonary and aortic trunks in the fetus and permits blood to flow between them? - Ductus arteriosus - Fossa ovalis - Foramen ovale - Umbilical artery
Ductus arteriosus
F = BP/PR is an important equation to describe the factors that influence blood circulation. Which of the following correctly describes this equation? - Flow is directly proportional to blood pressure and inversely proportional to peripheral resistance. - Flow increases when peripheral resistance increases. - Flow is directly proportional to peripheral resistance and inversely proportional to blood pressure. - Flow decreases when blood pressure increases.
Flow is directly proportional to blood pressure and inversely proportional to peripheral resistance.
What inter-atrial opening allows blood entering the fetal right atrium to bypass the pulmonary circuit? - Ductus venosus - Ductus arteriosus - Foramen ovale - Pulmonary trunk
Foramen ovale
What is the most important determinant of vascular resistance? - A combination of neural and hormonal mechanisms - Friction between the blood and the vessel walls - Differences in the lengths of the blood vessels - The diameters of the arterioles
Friction between the blood and the vessel walls
Which vessel brings nutrient-rich blood from the digestive tract to the liver? - Hepatic portal vein - Gonadal vein - Hepatic vein - Phrenic vein
Hepatic portal vein
How does aldosterone help in the long-term regulation of blood pressure? - Increasing Na+ retention - Increasing red blood cell production - Increasing K+ retention - Directly stimulating water retention
Increasing Na+ retention
What does the formula F = P/R mean? (Note: F = flow; P = pressure; R = resistance.) - Increasing P and increasing R decreases F. - Increasing P and decreasing R increases F. - Decreasing P and increasing R increases F. - Decreasing P and decreasing R increases F.
Increasing P and decreasing R increases F.
What effect would applying slight pressure to the common carotid artery have on your heart rate and blood pressure? - Increasing heart rate and blood pressure - Decreasing heart rate and increasing blood pressure - Increasing heart rate and decreasing blood pressure - Decreasing heart rate and blood pressure
Increasing heart rate and blood pressure
Consider the following pathway: Blood full of nutrients from the digestive system moves through the hepatic portal system to the liver.The hepatic veins then carry blood from the liver to which large vein that transports the blood to the heart? - Inferior vena cava - Superior mesenteric vein - Hepatic portal vein - Superior vena cava
Inferior vena cava
Which artery/arteries directly supplies/supply blood to the pelvic organs? - External iliac artery - Common iliac arteries - Internal iliac artery - Femoral artery
Internal iliac artery
Which vessels carry deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs? - Coronary arteries - Pulmonary arteries - Pulmonary veins - Bronchial arteries
Pulmonary arteries
Which circuit brings blood to the lungs to be oxygenated before returning it to the heart? - Renal circuit - Pulmonary circuit - Hepatic portal circuit - Systemic circuit
Pulmonary circuit
When blood pressure and volume fall suddenly, such as after a hemorrhage, which of the following would NOT be a short-term response to compensate for the blood loss and raise blood pressure? - Release of erythropoietin to stimulate blood cell development - Increase in cardiac output - Release of epinephrine and norepinephrine to promote vasoconstriction - Release of ADH to retain water in the kidneys
Release of erythropoietin to stimulate blood cell development
Which of the following vessels is NOT a main branch of the aortic arch? - Left common carotid - Brachiocephalic artery - Left subclavian artery - Right common carotid
Right common carotid
What type of capillaries have large gaps, allow a free exchange of water and solutes, and are found in the liver, bone marrow, and spleen? - Continuous - Intercalated - Fenestrated - Sinusoidal
Sinusoidal
Which organ or organs receive the greatest increase in blood flow during strenuous exercise? - Skeletal muscle - Skin - Brain - Heart
Skeletal muscle
Where in the body would you find fenestrated capillaries? - Pancreas - Small intestine and kidneys - Liver and spleen - Bone marrow
Small intestine and kidneys
At a patient's routine checkup, a nurse uses a sphygmomanometer to measure the patient's blood pressure at the brachial artery. The nurse increases the cuff pressure to a point at which the rhythmic pulsing sound is no longer audible. When the nurse decreases the pressure, the pulsing sound returns. What pressure is producing this sound? - Venous pressure - Systolic pressure - Capillary hydrostatic pressure - Diastolic pressure
Systolic pressure
Adaptive immunity is the result of the actions of - NK cells - antigen-antibody complexes - interferons. - T and B cells. - mast cells.
T and B cells.
Identify the three main classes of lymphocytes. (Module 20.4A) - RBCs, WBCs, and platelets - cytotoxic T cells, helper T cells, and memory T cells - acute lymphocytes, chronic lymphocytes, and resident lymphocytes - T cells, B cells, and natural killer cells - T cells, B cells, and helper cells
T cells, B cells, and natural killer cells
Why is water filtered out of the arterial end of capillaries? - The arterial end of the capillaries is more permeable than the venous end. - The arterial end of the capillary is fenestrated whereas the venous end is a continuous capillary. - The capillary osmotic pressure is lower at the arterial end than the venous end. - The capillary hydrostatic pressure (blood pressure) is greater on the arterial end of the capillary than on the venous end.
The capillary hydrostatic pressure (blood pressure) is greater on the arterial end of the capillary than on the venous end.
Compression of which vessels would cause a person to lose consciousness? - The jugular veins - The common carotid arteries - The cerebral arteries - The bronchial arteries
The common carotid arteries
List the components of the lymphatic system. (Module 20.1B) - The components of the lymphatic system are the blood, blood vessels, lymph, and lymphatic vessels. - The components of the lymphatic system are the lymphocytes, lymph, lymphatic vessels, primary lymphoid tissues and organs, and secondary lymphoid tissues and organs. - The components of the lymphatic system are the lymphocytes, lymph, lymph nodes, and lymphatic vessels. - The components of the lymphatic system are the lymph and lymph nodes. - The components of the lymphatic system are the red blood cells, lymphocytes, blood plasma, lymph, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels.
The components of the lymphatic system are the lymphocytes, lymph, lymphatic vessels, primary lymphoid tissues and organs, and secondary lymphoid tissues and organs.
All of the following are characteristics of cardiovascular regulation except - The heart rate decreasing as stroke volume decreases. - Changes occur without drastically altering blood pressure. - Blood flow through tissues meets the demand for nutrients. - Blood flow changes to match tissue responses. - Blood flow through tissues meets the demand for oxygen.
The heart rate decreasing as stroke volume decreases.
Which of the following is NOT a reason why elastic arteries have a tunica media with a large portion of elastic fibers and relatively fewer smooth muscle fibers? - To recoil after being stretched - To tolerate pressure changes - To help maintain blood flow away from the heart - To help maintain blood pressure as blood returns to the heart
To help maintain blood pressure as blood returns to the heart
Which of the following vascular layers contains a thin epithelial layer called the endothelium as well as a layer of connective tissue with a variable number of elastic fibers? - Tunica externa - Tunica media - Tunica adventitia - Tunica interna
Tunica interna
Which layer of the blood vessel wall contains smooth muscle? - Tunica adventitia - Tunica externa - Tunica intima - Tunica media
Tunica media
Which of the following are characterized by a thin tunica media and valves that prevent the backflow of blood? - Arteries - Capillaries - Veins - Sinusoids
Veins
