exam 2
Which of the following is NOT a type of compensation? 29) ______ A) incentives B) benefits C) promotions D) salaries E) wages
C) promotions
Of the following, which is NOT a core job characteristic? A) task identity B) autonomy C) skill variety D) teamwork E) task significance
D) teamwork
________ occurs when we form an impression of an individual based on a single trait. A) The halo effect B) Fundamental attribution error C) Self-serving bias D) The recency effect E) A self-fulfilling prophecy
A) The halo effect
Most workers rate monetary benefits higher than a caring boss
false
A technological innovation that improves the performance and speed of a computer's operating system would be considered a(n) ________ innovation. A) product B) process C) transformational D) adaptive E) personnel
A) product
________ capital is the economic or productive potential of strong, trusting, and cooperative relationships. This type of capital can help you land a job; a national survey of recruiters revealed that 74 percent had found the highest-quality applicants through employee referrals. A) Social B) Human C) Relational D) Personal E) Productivity
A) Social
To be most motivating, goals should be specific and challenging but achievable.
true
Which of the following is an example of a proactive change? A) Mirabel explores improvements in bonus structures with her staff and begins to implement them despite the fact that her employees are generally content. B) Mirabel cannot get permission to hire another person until her group misses several deadlines. C) Mirabel is constantly "putting out fires," responding to daily crises in her group. D) Mirabel's staff is unhappy about the long hours they have been working and several of them quit before she knows there is a problem. E) Mirabel's group sends a product that is nearing its launch date back to the drawing board based on a competitor's superior new offering.
A) Mirabel explores improvements in bonus structures with her staff and begins to implement them despite the fact that her employees are generally content.
________ are difficulties that inhibit the achievement of goals. For example, the lack of parking may be the main reason why a new restaurant is failing. A) Problems B) Values C) Alternatives D) Synergies E) Objectives
A) Problems
________ perspectives are theories that try to understand the thought processes by which people decide how to act. A) Process B) Job design C) Cognitive D) Needs-based E) Reinforcement
A) Process
Which of the following statements about sexual harassment is true? A) A person who feels he or she must acquiesce to a sexual proposition to keep his or her job is facing quid pro quo harassment. B) The organization cannot be sued for sexual harassment as long as its managers did not know about the situation. C) Uninvited hugging or patting someone is not considered sexual harassment. D) A hostile work environment is characterized by a tangible economic harm. E) Sexual harassment is defined as occurring between members of the opposite sex.
A) A person who feels he or she must acquiesce to a sexual proposition to keep his or her job is facing quid pro quo harassment.
_______ is the extent to which a job allows an employee to make decisions about scheduling different tasks and deciding how to perform them. A) Autonomy B) Horizontal loading C) Task significance D) Task identity E) Skill variety
A) Autonomy
________ theory is a model of motivation that explains how people strive for fairness and justice in social exchanges or give-and-take relationships. A) Equity B) Expectancy C) Esteem D) Hygiene E) Goal-setting
A) Equity
Hewlett-Packard founders David Packard and William Hewlett strived to create a close-knit organizational culture that gave a lot of responsibility to employees and fostered innovation within the company. Individual responsibility and the importance of innovation are A) espoused values. B) diverse perspectives. C) focused values. D) analytics. E) enacted values.
A) Espoused Values
________ is the degree to which a test measures the same thing consistently. A) Reliability B) Dependability C) Significance D) Accountability E) Validity
A) Reliability
________ is the extent to which people like or dislike themselves. A) Self-esteem B) Locus of control C) Self-efficacy D) Emotional stability E) Self-awareness
A) Self-esteem
Party Supply uses time-series forecasts, such as past holiday sales and the strength of store sales this year, to predict future sales based on patterns of historical data. Party Supply is using A) analytics. B) the synergy trend. C) Big Data. D) decisions by trends. E) focused trend.
A) analytics.
A performance appraisal consists of A) assessing performance and providing feedback. B) rotating job positions. C) setting standards and monitoring performance. D) motivating and monitoring performance. E) motivating and counseling.
A) assessing performance and providing feedback.
Which of the following is NOT a step in the perceptual process? A) causal attribution B) interpretation and evaluation C) retrieval from memory D) storing in memory E) selective attention
A) causal attribution
Because people are uncomfortable with inconsistency between their attitudes and behaviors, they will seek to reduce ______ A) cognitive dissonance. B) a self-serving bias. C) group behavior. D) fundamental attribution. E) causal attribution.
A) cognitive dissonance.
Nora is a small-business owner who loves to take risks. She also enjoys going out and meeting customers and potential clients—the social aspect of her job. Nora relies on intuition and discussions with others to acquire information. As an interior decorator, Nora utilizes her imaginative strengths, taking a broad perspective to problem solving, and she likes to consider many options and future possibilities. Nora's decision-making style is best described as _______ A) conceptual. B) directive. C) ambiguous. D) analytical. E) behavioral
A) conceptual.
A person's ________ reflects the combination of how he or she perceives and responds to information. A) decision-making style B) time orientation C) Big Data perception D) location on the introvert/extrovert scale E) ambiguity index
A) decision-making style
Job ________ involves division of an organization's work among its employees and applies motivational theories to jobs to increase satisfaction and performance. A) design B) enrichment C) enlargement D) simplification E) development
A) design
Isabel, the owner of The Daily Dispatch, a small city newspaper, started her business two years ago, believing that there was still enough demand for her product. However, because people are busy and because so much news is now available online, she has seen the demand for her paper drop steadily. Isabel made a decision to change the original direction of the company and focus more on an Internet news service. Isabel is relying on ________ by demonstrating that managers need to think and act as if their company is an unfinished prototype, and by seeing her business as outsiders do. A) evidence-based decision making B) intuition C) the knee-jerk reaction theory D) a knowledge dilemma E) a decision tree
A) evidence-based decision making
Global IT has designed its corporate structure with divisions based on their location. For example, there are the Southern and Northern Divisions, and globally there are the European Division and the Asian Division. Global IT is an example of a structure with A) geographic divisions. B) matrix partitions. C) product divisions. D) common area divisions. E) customer divisions.
A) geographic divisions.
Marlene works in a manufacturing facility, Carz Parts. Throughout the building there were posters and calendars of a sexually explicit nature, making Marlene very uncomfortable. Carz Parts ______ A) has a hostile work environment. B) is engaging in quid pro quo harassment. C) practices sexual discrimination. D) has no legal worries because Marlene is not suffering any economic injury. E) has no legal worries because none of the offensive materials are directed at Marlene.
A) has a hostile work environment.
When using goal-setting theory to motivate employees, managers should A) help workers understand and accept the goals. B) set targets that are beyond employees' reach. C) set goals that are easily achievable. D) set general goals that are emotionally appealing. E) hold employees responsible for getting feedback.
A) help workers understand and accept the goals.
If you have a(n) ________, you believe you control your own destiny A) internal locus of control B) high level of learned helplessness C) low level of self-efficacy D) external locus of control E) tolerance for ambiguity
A) internal locus of control
Which of the following is not a hindrance to perfectly rational decision making? A) intuition B) information overload C) complexity D) managers' different values E) conflicting goals
A) intuition
A ________ summarizes what the holder of the job does and how and why he or she does it. For example, this document might state, "In this job, the worker delivers pizzas within a 10-mile radius of the pizzeria, quickly and promptly, while obeying all traffic laws and driving responsibly." A) job description B) job specification C) performance appraisal D) realistic job preview E) job analysis
A) job description
Employees are likely to see an adaptive change as A) least threatening. B) significantly complex, costly, and uncertain. C) totally unacceptable. D) moderately threatening. E) highly threatening.
A) least threatening.
With the community interested in eating healthy, Mary Catherine, a restaurant owner, is considering adding more gluten-free dishes to her menu. This decision is uncertain and risky, and she finally decides to go with her gut feelings. Mary Catherine is exhibiting A) non-rational decision making. B) rational decision making. C) a code of ethics. D) analytics. E) MBO.
A) non-rational decision making.
When Ford was slow to recall vehicles to fix a possible carbon monoxide leak, it was most likely due to ________, because Ford was convinced that the modifications made by police departments were the cause of the problem, not the manufacturing of the vehicle. A) overconfidence bias B) sunk-cost bias C) escalation of commitment bias D) hindsight bias E) framing bias
A) overconfidence bias
According to the acquired needs theory, the desire to influence others is part of the need for A) power. B) achievement. C) relatedness. D) self-actualization. E) affiliation.
A) power.
To ________, Lance, an HR manager, used reports from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics and the U.S. Census Bureau for information about his industry's labor pool in his geographic area. A) recruit from outside the organization B) perform a job analysis C) analyze human capital D) develop an affirmative action program E) recruit from inside the organization
A) recruit from outside the organization
Timothy was hiring a new financial analyst, and he had several good candidates. He was leaning toward hiring Jade, a Japanese American woman, because he thinks Asians are better at math. Timothy is exhibiting which distortion in perception? A) stereotyping B) recency effect C) Pygmalion effect D) racism E) self-serving bias
A) stereotyping
Goal displacement, satisficing, and groupthink are A) the disadvantages of group decision making. B) the disadvantages of individual decision making. C) problems with synergy. D) some advantages of group decision making. E) a normal aspect of all groups.
A) the disadvantages of group decision making.
Which of the following is NOT a supertrend shaping the future of business? A) traditional companies struggling with radically innovative change B) more niche products C) offshore suppliers affecting U.S. business D) information becoming a competitive advantage E) faster speed-to-market
A) traditional companies struggling with radically innovative change
A(n) ________ is susceptible to legal attack because some questions may infringe on non-job-related matters such as privacy, diversity, or disability. A) unstructured interview B) performance interview C) behavioral-description interview D) realistic job preview E) situational interview
A) unstructured interview
Job ________ is the process of increasing the number of tasks in a job to increase variety and motivation. A)enlargement B) design C) development D) rotation E) enrichment
A)enlargement
Climax Medical Technology, a fast-growing global research firm, has accumulated so much client information that conventional database management systems cannot handle its customers' needs. Therefore, Climax purchased very sophisticated analysis software and supercomputing-level hardware. Climax Medical Technology is tapping the power of ______ A) mega IT. B) Big Data. C) cyber-age databases. D) new age computing. E) super data.
B) Big Data.
________ is the idea that proposes that the ability of decision makers to be rational is limited by numerous constraints, such as complexity, time, cognitive capacity, values, skills, habits, and unconscious reflexes. A) Rational decision making B) Bounded rationality C) MBO D) Analytics E) Non-rational decision making
B) Bounded rationality
Employees and customers are treated like a family at State Street Coffee House. Jason and Jill, the owners, work to encourage unity to increase their employees' job satisfaction and commitment. At their coffee house, Jason and Jill have built a(n) A) market culture. B) clan culture. C) goal-driven agenda. D) adhocracy culture. E) bureaucracy culture.
B) Clan culture
Which piece of legislation first established the U.S. federal minimum wage? A) Occupational Safety and Health Act B) Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 C) Civil Rights Act D) Social Security Act E) Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA)
B) Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938
________ includes the activities managers perform to plan for, attract, develop, and retain an effective workforce. A) Performance appraisal B) Human resource management C) Personnel development D) Job analysis E) Contingency planning
B) Human resource management
According to the competing values framework, the four types of ________ are clan, adhocracy, market, and hierarchy. A) industry cultural standards B) organizational cultures C) organizational values D) value statements E) organizational norms
B) Organizational cultures
________ consists of stable psychological traits and behavioral attributes that give a person his or her identity. A) Character B) Personality C) Attributions D) Values E) Attitudes
B) Personality
________ is the process of locating and attracting qualified applicants for jobs open in the organization. A) Selection B) Recruiting C) Hiring D) Interviewing E) Job posting
B) Recruiting
________ is the tension people feel when they are facing or enduring extraordinary demands, constraints, or opportunities and are uncertain about their ability to handle them effectively. A) Role overload B) Stress C) Apprehension D) Anxiety E) Role conflict
B) Stress
Which type of workplace discrimination occurs when an organization uses an employment practice that results in unfavorable outcomes to a protected class? A) reverse discrimination B) adverse impact C) disparate treatment D) harassment E) unequal application
B) adverse impact
A specialist at FedEx who rides with couriers to learn about delivery time measurements and potential service problems is conducting a job A) posting. B) analysis. C) rotation. D) specification. E) description.
B) analysis.
Daniel loves sales because he responds well to the pressure he faces in the many new or uncertain situations he encounters as a salesperson. Like most successful salespeople, he is high in his tolerance for ambiguity, yet he struggles with making decisions quickly. Daniel likely has a(n) ________ decision-making style A) directive B) analytical C) ambiguous D) behavioral E) conceptual
B) analytical
According to the law, which of the following is considered an employment test? A) only personality tests B) any procedure used in the employment selection decision process C) small talk before and after the interview D) only application forms E) only interviews and personality tests
B) any procedure used in the employment selection decision process
Odell is frequently nervous, tense, and worried, both at work and at home. He likely scores low on which of the Big Five personality dimensions? A) extroversion B) emotional stability C) conscientiousness D) openness to experience E) self-monitoring
B) emotional stability
Henry, Bekah, and Marcella are on the five-member Benefits Task Force that is researching options for the new benefits package. Over lunch, Henry suggests that going with the Members' Choice HMO is the best course of action, and Bekah and Marcella agree with Henry for the sake of unanimity, without ever researching and accurately assessing the decision. Henry, Bekah, and Marcella are engaged in A) group marketing. B) groupthink. C) the Delphi technique. D) heuristics. E) goal displacement.
B) groupthink.
According to Festinger, how people deal with cognitive dissonance depends on three factors. Which are the correct three factors? A) situation, self-awareness, and control B) importance, control, and rewards C) decision making, situation, and bias D) control, bias, and personality E) personality, decision making, and judgment
B) importance, control, and rewards
Which of the following is an inside force for change? A) domestic competition B) low productivity and turnover C) immigration D) recession E) advancements in automation
B) low productivity and turnover
Lexie, a new manager, must enforce sales report deadlines, but her team is struggling. She creates a new system to streamline the process and helps everyone understand why the deadlines are important. On which of the following internal forces is Lexie trying to have an impact? A) social and political pressures B) manager's behavior C) shareholder, customer, and market changes D) human resource concerns E) demographic characteristics
B) manager's behavior
Organizations that are formed to offer services to clients and not make a profit are ________, whereas, ________ are those organizations that are formed to make money, or profits, by offering products or services. A) co-ops; for-profit organizations B) nonprofit organizations; for-profit organizations C) for-profit organizations; nonprofit organizations D) nonprofit organizations; associations E) unions; associations
B) nonprofit organizations; for-profit organizations
Which of the following is NOT part of a simple model of motivation? A) behaviors B) punishment C) unfulfilled need D) rewards E) feedback
B) punishment
A(n) ________ change involves introducing a practice that is new to the industry, such as using drones (rather than delivery trucks) to deliver products to customers. A) innovative B) radically innovative C) revolutionary D) adaptive E) reactive
B) radically innovative
The model of decision making that explains how managers should make decisions, assuming managers will make logical decisions that will be the optimum in furthering the organization's best interests, is known as the ________. For example, a manager who uses this model may be personally opposed to outsourcing jobs overseas, but she nonetheless decides to outsource customer-service operations to India because doing so is in the company's best interests A) focused decision-making model B) rational decision-making model C) employee relations model D) interpersonal-decision agenda E) solutions agenda
B) rational decision-making model
When Jorge became one of three final candidates for a managerial position with a large pharmaceutical company, the hiring manager scheduled a special meeting with him. The two talked about the stressful deadlines and heavy travel required of the position, as well as the compensation and benefits. Jorge appreciated that the hiring manager took the time to provide a(n) ______ A) unstructured interview. B) realistic job preview. C) behavioral-description interview. D) situational interview. E) performance appraisal
B) realistic job preview.
Lewin's change model consists of A) three types: adaptive, innovative, and radically innovative. B) three stages: unfreezing, changing, and refreezing. C) four steps: recognize problems, gain allies, overcome resistance, and execute. D) three forces: employee characteristics, change agent characteristics, and change agent-employee relationships. E) three steps: diagnosis, intervention, and evaluation.
B) three stages: unfreezing, changing, and refreezing.
Which of the following is NOT one of the Big Five personality dimensions? A) agreeableness B) tolerance for ambiguity C) conscientiousness D) emotional stability E) extroversion
B) tolerance for ambiguity
A(n) ________ appraisal assesses employees on subjective attributes like attitude or leadership. A) behavioral B) trait C) 360-degree D) objective E) self-
B) trait
Sidwan, owner of Jacuzzi Warehouse, said, "We have to focus on our customers and how we can beat the competition, so we have to be flexible." He encourages his R&D department to develop innovative products and focuses on being quick to respond to market changes. Jacuzzi Warehouse has a(n) A) clan culture. B) goal-driven agenda. C) adhocracy culture. D) market culture. E) focused approach.
C) Adhocracy culture
A Seattle-based software firm, Sysco, was growing rapidly and hiring frequently, but it primarily focused on campus recruiting at two Washington universities, UW and Seattle University. When one 45-year-old candidate did not get an interview after a phone screening, he went to the company's website and noted all of the young people in charge. Which law allows him to file a lawsuit against Sysco alleging discrimination? A) Civil Rights Act B) Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (COBRA) C) Age Discrimination in Employment D) Sarbanes-Oxley Act E) Americans with Disabilities Act
C) Age Discrimination in Employment
________ enables a manager to make decisions, give orders, and utilize resources. For example, the manager of a local coffee shop has the right to hire and fire baristas based on their punctuality, performance, and customer-service ratings. A) A hierarchy of power B) Power C) Authority D) A clan culture E) Touching
C) Authority
________ occurs when people are hired or promoted, or denied hiring or promotion, for reasons not relevant to the job. A) Affirmative action B) A hostile working environment C) Discrimination D) Quid pro quo E) Bullying
C) Discrimination
How do you know if a company fosters an innovative culture and climate? A) It seeks feedback from a small think tank of individuals who have a pulse on consumers. B) It has a set of dependent processes and structures for how the company designs solutions. C) It allows for experimentation, failure, and risk taking. D) It uses change agents to broker disagreements between management and innovators. E) It focuses only on producing the products that have made it successful.
C) It allows for experimentation, failure, and risk taking.
Brodie, the owner of Wave Pools, is driven by competition. He is very focused on meeting deadlines and quality, and on delivering the results that customers want. He pushes his managers to continually exceed their productivity goals, and he stresses that profits take precedence over employee development and satisfaction. Brodie feels "there is not enough time for training." However, his employees are regularly rewarded for their success in meeting company goals. Wave Pools has a(n) ________ culture. A) hierarchy B) adhocracy C) market D) clan E) target-driven
C) Market
________ is the set of psychological processes that arouse and direct goal-directed behavior. A) Self-determination B) Reinforcement C) Motivation D) Self-actualization E) Productivity
C) Motivation
________ theory attempts to explain behavior change by suggesting that behavior with positive consequences tends to be repeated while behavior with negative consequences tends not to be repeated. A) Acquired needs B) Equity C) Reinforcement D) Two-factor E) Expectancy
C) Reinforcement
________ in an organization is the division of labor. For example, in a publishing company, there are people who acquire manuscripts (sponsoring editors), people who edit manuscripts (developmental editors), and people who turn manuscripts into printed books (production editors). A) The coordination of individual efforts into a group or organization-wide effort B) A structure where employees report to no more than one manager C) The arrangement of having discrete parts of a task done by different people D) An organizational structure with few or no levels of middle management E) The common purpose that unifies employees
C) The arrangement of having discrete parts of a task done by different people
Organizations using a matrix structure A) establish a hierarchy in which employees report to only one supervisor. B) contain multiple overlapping command structures, in which all employees report to three or more managers. C) contain two command structures, in which some people report to two bosses. D) utilize teams or workgroups with few lines of authority. E) centralize authority into a single person.
C) contain two command structures, in which some people report to two bosses.
Bradley was recently promoted to the production manager of a busy shoe factory. He was chosen because prior to his promotion he had proven himself to be very efficient, and as a department manager he had a logical and practical approach to solving problems. Bradley has a reputation for being decisive and getting things done. Most of the factory's employees like Bradley, but they feel he exercises too much control over them. Bradley has a(n) ________ style A) ambiguous B) analytical C) directive D) behavioral E) conceptual
C) directive
During Lewin's refreezing stage, managers should A) provide benchmarking results. B) give employees the tools for change. C) encourage and reinforce the desired change in the employees. D) make employees dissatisfied with the present way of doing things. E) reduce the barriers to change.
C) encourage and reinforce the desired change in the employees.
Della, the sales manager, just informed her sales team that all sales in March will earn an extra 5 percent commission. The team gets right to work, being motivated by a(n) A) physiological need. B) intrinsic reward. C) extrinsic reward. D) high need for power. E) hygiene factor.
C) extrinsic reward.
Roberto really enjoys mingling at work functions, both to network for new contacts and simply to share stories with other interesting people. Roberto probably scores high in _______ A) emotional stability. B) conscientiousness. C) extroversion. D) openness to experience. E) agreeableness.
C) extroversion.
The advantages of ________ are having a greater pool of knowledge, gaining different perspectives, gaining intellectual stimulation, having a better understanding of decision rationale, and having a deeper commitment to the decision. A) more flexibility in the final decision B) the less-thought required decision C) group decision-making D) a deeper commitment to the decision E) a quicker decision
C) group decision-making
Fresh and Clean, Inc. is considering implementing a system that will pay its cleaning workers based on the number of completed residential jobs, coupled with satisfactory ratings on random inspections to ensure quality. This system is new to the organization, and it is an example of ________ change. A) radically innovative B) adaptive C) innovative D) highly complex E) familia
C) innovative
According to Herzberg, which of the following is an example of a hygiene factor? A) responsibility B) advancement C) interpersonal relationships D) the work itself E) recognition
C) interpersonal relationships
Organizational design is concerned with an organization developing A) important decisions that are suggested by employees. B) the most favorable methods of accomplishing both the diversity and synergy plans. C) the best structures of costs and efficiency that an organization uses to meet goals. D) new MBO goals. E) optimal structures of accountability and responsibility to execute its strategies.
C) the best structures of costs and efficiency that an organization uses to meet goals.
Wendy, the CEO of an oil drilling company, and her top management team recently discovered that their facilities are damaging a beach in Asia and the local wildlife. They understand that they need to decide if temporarily closing or not closing the facility is unethical. To help them make their decision, they consider the following four questions: "Is not temporarily closing the facility legal? If yes, does this proposed action maximize shareholder value? If yes, is not temporarily closing the facility ethical? If no, would it be ethical to take the proposed action?" Wendy and her top managers are using ________ to help them make their decision. A) the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 B) the stakeholder's value statement C) Frank Gilbreth's code of ethical conduct D) Bagley's ethical decision tree E) Maslow's hierarchy of needs
D) Bagley's ethical decision tree
________ represent(s) all the ways people are unlike and alike. A) Conditions B) Dimensions C) Background D) Diversity E) Lifestyle
D) Diversity
Content perspectives, also known as need-based perspectives, include all EXCEPT which one of the following theories? A) Deci and Ryan's self-determination theory B) Herzberg's two-factor theory C) Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory D) Equity theory E) McClelland's acquired needs theory
D) Equity theory
________ is the tendency for people with strong prior beliefs, when confronted with a choice, to make their decisions based on assumptions they've already made. A) Tunnel vision bias B) Single-vision stereotyping C) Narrow-minded perception D) Information bias E) The curse of knowledge
D) Information bias
________ is the extent to which employees have positive or negative feelings about various aspects of their work. A) Job involvement B) Job performance C) Job enrichment D) Job satisfaction E) Organizational commitment
D) Job satisfaction
________ are the rituals and ceremonies of a company, as well as the manner of dress, awards, myths and stories told about a company. A) Espoused values of organizational culture B) Invisible artifacts of that industry's culture and values C) Basic assumptions about organizational culture D) Observable artifacts of organizational culture E) Enacted values of organizational culture
D) Observable Artifacts of organizational culture
Which of the following helps guarantee nonhazardous working conditions for employees? A) Fair Labor Standards Act B) Civil Rights Act C) National Labor Relations Board D) Occupational Safety and Health Act E) Sarbanes-Oxley Act
D) Occupational Safety and Health Act
________ is the process of interpreting and understanding one's environment. A) Self-management B) Self-monitoring C) Openness to experience D) Perception E) Self-awareness
D) Perception
________ is the use of desirable consequences to strengthen a particular behavior. A) Constructive feedback B) Extinction C) Negative reinforcement D) Positive reinforcement E) Intrinsic motivation
D) Positive reinforcement
________ is the ability to control your emotions and act with honesty and integrity in reliable and adaptable ways. A) Situational awareness B) Self-awareness C) Social awareness D) Self-management E) Relationship management
D) Self-management
With ________, important decisions are made by middle-level and supervisory-level managers. A) focused power B) centralized authority C) higher-management influence D) decentralized authority E) upper authority
D) decentralized authority
Bill is the new CEO at World's Fair, a nationwide store that specializes in unique items from around the world. At his first managers meeting, he told them he likes to think of his management style as practical, efficient, logical, and systematic. Which style of decision maker is Bill? A) behavioral style B) analytical style C) conceptual style D) directive style E) value style
D) directive style
People high in ________ are responsive to others' social and interpersonal cues. A) external locus of control B) self-esteem C) agreeableness D) emotional intelligence E) self-efficacy
D) emotional intelligence
Which of the following criterion is NOT a characteristic of the best incentive plans? A) rewards satisfying individual needs B) rewards agreed on by the manager and employees C) measurable rewards linked to performance D) monetary compensation to every employee E) believable and achievable rewards
D) monetary compensation to every employee
According to Herzberg's two-factor theory, only ________ factors can make employees satisfied with their jobs. A) security B) growth C) hygiene D) motivating E) affiliation
D) motivating
Maslow's levels of needs, in order from lowest (most basic) to highest level, are A) safety, physiological, esteem, love, and self-actualization. B) self-actualization, esteem, love, safety, and physiological. C) physiological, safety, self-actualization, esteem, and love. D) physiological, safety, love, esteem, and self-actualization. E) safety, love, esteem, self-actualization, and physiological.
D) physiological, safety, love, esteem, and self-actualization.
A managerial innovation that improves the efficiency of a company's cross-functional teams would be considered a ________ innovation. A) transformational B) core C) product D) process E) practical
D) process
Disney has different divisions for movies, cable television, stores, theme parks, and so on. The Disney theme parks part of the empire alone has divisions spanning restaurants, entertainment, cruises, and hotels. Disney is an example of an organization with ________ divisions. A) common B) merchandise C) geographic D) product E) customer
D) product
Antwan was recently promoted to the position of shift supervisor at If The Shoe Fits, and he is now responsible for making decisions on numerous matters in the store and giving orders to the floor staff. At the same time, Antwan has the obligation to perform the many new tasks assigned to him as a supervisor, such as overseeing the closing work and the cleaning of the store. Antwan's obligations are known as his A) beliefs. B) hierarchy. C) authority. D) responsibility. E) power.
D) responsibility.
________ is(are) another way of describing a vertical hierarchy. A) A network structure B) Corporate steps C) An upward graph D) An X-Y chart E) A chain of command
E) A chain of command
________ is the process of assigning managerial authority and responsibility to lower-level managers and employees. A) Planning B) Control C) Authority D) A power trip E) Delegation
E) Delegation
________ means that anyone can be dismissed at any time for any reason at all, or for no reason. A) Non-rational dismissal B) Fair termination C) Quid pro quo D) Capricious dismissal E) Employment at will
E) Employment at will
In the third step of rational decision making (evaluating alternatives and selecting a solution), a manager needs to evaluate each alternative not only according to cost and quality but also according to which of the following questions A) Is it ethical and will it hurt diversity? B) Is it efficient, and how will it affect our marketing strategy? C) Is it feasible and profitable? D) Is it feasible, effective, and efficient? E) Is it ethical, feasible, and effective
E) Is it ethical, feasible, and effective
________ is the extent to which an employee identifies with an organization and is committed to its goals. A) Job satisfaction B) Job enrichment C) Job performance D) Job involvement E) Organizational commitment
E) Organizational commitment
________ is the set of techniques used for implementing planned change to make people and organizations more effective. A) Revitalization B) Continuous improvement C) Corporate transformation D) Incremental innovation E) Organizational development
E) Organizational development
What is the final step in the strategic human resource management process? A) Assess success of the recruitment process. B) Recruit and select people. C) Orient, train, and develop people. D) Plan future human resources needs. E) Perform appraisals of people.
E) Perform appraisals of people.
________ is an emotional/behavioral response to real or imagined threats to an established work routine. A) OD intervention B) Benchmarking C) Radical innovation D) Change agency E) Resistance to change
E) Resistance to change
The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission was established by the ______ A) Equal Pay Act. B) Social Security Act. C) Wagner Act. D) Occupational Safety and Health Act. E) Title VII of the Civil Rights Act
E) Title VII of the Civil Rights Act
________ are abstract ideals that guide one's thinking and behavior across all situations. A) Attitudes B) Cultures C) Perceptions D) Ethics E) Values
E) Values
Being dismissed "for cause" means that ______ A) an employee is being laid off. B) the company is downsizing, and the jobs are permanently eliminated. C) an employee has an opportunity to get the position back in the future. D) an employee quit the job. E) an employee is being fired for poor job performance or unacceptable behaviors.
E) an employee is being fired for poor job performance or unacceptable behaviors.
Luke and Mia are selling their home. They listed their house three months ago at an extremely high selling price, a price they randomly chose. They do not want to reduce the price to reflect what the marketplace shows their home is really worth. Luke and Mia are participants in ________ bias. A) confirmation B) ego C) sunk-cost D) blind E) anchoring and adjustment
E) anchoring and adjustment
The three components of ________ are affective, cognitive, and behavioral. A) values B) stress C) personality D) job satisfaction E) attitudes
E) attitudes
The interdisciplinary field of organizational ________ tries to explain and predict workplace behavior to help managers better lead and motivate others. A) awareness B) strategy C) culture D) development E) behavior
E) behavior
Uri, a server in a popular family restaurant, is the most popular employee with both customers and employees, and as a result, he usually earns the most in tips. He is always ready to lend a hand when asked, and with his warm personality and supportive nature, people confide in him. Uri does have a problem telling people no, and he has a tendency to avoid conflict because he is concerned about hurting others or getting people mad. Uri likely has a(n) ________ decision-making style. A) ambiguous B) directive C) conceptual D) analytical E) behavioral
E) behavioral
In using reinforcement, a manager should A) give all employees the same rewards to ensure fairness. B) avoid using punishment. C) reward both desired and undesired behavior. D) save rewards for weekly or monthly celebrations. E) clearly communicate the desired behavior.
E) clearly communicate the desired behavior.
The increasing diversity of the American workforce, and the fact that people aged 18-34 are more likely to be living with their parents than with a spouse or partner, are both examples of a(n) ________ force for change. A) market B) economic C) social and political D) political E) demographic
E) demographic
Hannah, an HR manager for Accurate Steel Cutters, had a meeting with the Vice President of Safety to determine if the new safety training program appears to be effective in preventing and reducing the number of accidents on the shop floor. In which step of the learning and development process is Hannah engaged? A) assessment B) selection C) objectives D) implementation E) evaluation
E) evaluation
The theory under which people make the choice that promises them the greatest reward if they think they can get it is ________ theory. A) reinforcement B) two-factor C) equity D) goal-setting E) expectancy
E) expectancy
Republican advertisements about Representative Adam Johnson, the Democratic candidate, portray him as lazy, dishonest, and poor at his job. At the same time, the Democratic ads for Adam Johnson describe him as a caring, honest, hard worker. The sponsors of these advertisements know that ads can affect whom voters choose on Election Day. The tendency of decision makers (the voters in this example) to be influenced by how a situation or problem is presented to them is an example of ______ A) goal displacement. B) overconfidence bias. C) the fog effect. D) stirring the waters. E) framing bias.
E) framing bias.
The best type of performance appraisal involves ______ A) concentrating on "stretch goals." B) describing a subordinate's current performance in general terms. C) relying on impressions. D) using other employees as examples. E) giving employees continuous, real-time coaching, feedback, and solutions.
E) giving employees continuous, real-time coaching, feedback, and solutions.
Which of the following is a process perspective on motivation? A) two-factor theory B) job characteristics model C) acquired needs theory D) self-determination theory E) goal-setting theory
E) goal-setting theory
For managers, the importance of Maslow's contribution is that he showed that workers A) expect an employer to fulfill every level in their hierarchy of needs. B) have needs that cannot be understood by their employer. C) are as complex as their organization. D) are interested only in compensation that helps them fulfill physiological needs. E) have needs beyond that of just earning a paycheck.
E) have needs beyond that of just earning a paycheck.
To achieve psychological growth, according to the self-determination theory, people need to satisfy the three innate needs: ________, autonomy, and competence. A) power B) affiliation C) safety D) pay E) relatedness
E) relatedness
It was brought to Dwight's attention that one of his hotel employees had a substance abuse problem. Without fully investigating the issue, Dwight decided to fire the employee. Dwight was using ______ A) unemotional analysis. B) intuition. C) immersion. D) feasibility. E) satisficing.
E) satisficing.
Willis, the produce department manager at Shop More, has eight employees in his department, also known as his ________. All eight of these employees report directly to him. A) span of direction B) area of responsibility C) hierarchy of authority D) management depth E) span of control
E) span of control
Deliver Fast's customer complaints have increased because its drivers often get lost when attempting deliveries, which means that the deliveries arrived late. The drivers have resisted using GPS systems, claiming they know their territories. But managers are now encouraging them to look for the best solution to the increased level of customer complaints. Deliver Fast is in the ________ stage of Lewin's change model. A) evaluation B) learning C) refreezing D) changing E) unfreezing
E) unfreezing
Reactive change involves making carefully thought-out changes in anticipation of possible or expected problems or opportunities.
False
The most effective sources of new employee sources are job postings on websites. T/F
False
A job specification describes the minimum qualifications a person must have to perform the job successfully. For example, a job specification for an editor may require all editors to have flawless grammar skills. T/F
True
An example of a self-fulfilling prophecy is a server who expects some poorly dressed customers to be stingy tippers, who therefore gives them poor service, and so gets the result he expected—a much lower tip than usual. T/F
True
An example of innovative change is a department store deciding to adopt a new practice used by competitors by staying open 24 hours a day and requiring employees to work flexible schedules, a change that employees are likely to see as moderately threatening.
True
Decision making is the process of identifying and choosing alternative courses of action. T/F?
True
Every year, 10 percent of GE's managers are assigned the bottom grade during the annual review cycle, and if they don't improve, they are asked to leave the company. GE uses a forced ranking performance review system. T/F
True
The Family and Medical Leave Act requires employers to provide 12 weeks of unpaid leave for medical and family reasons, including for childbirth, adoption, or family emergency. T/F
True
Those who have the Type A behavior pattern are involved in a chronic, determined struggle to accomplish more in less time. T/F
True
With satisficing, managers look for alternatives until they find one that is satisfactory, not optimal. T/F?
True
The ________ component of an attitude consists of the beliefs and knowledge one has about a situation. A) decisional B) cognitive C) behavioral D) perceptual E) affective
cognitive
An organizational structure is a set of shared, taken-for-granted implicit assumptions that a group holds and that determines how it perceives, thinks about, and reacts to its environments
false
To motivate employees, employers need to primarily focus on fulfilling the top level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs, self-actualization.
false
Changing organizational culture is essentially a teaching process in which members instruct each other about the organization's preferred values, beliefs, expectations, and behaviors
true