Exam 2 HP MOD 4 Ch. 10

A nurse is counseling a teenager who smokes one pack of cigarettes a day. The teenager states he likes to smoke with his friends and does not recognize the connection between his smoking and his asthma. When planning an intervention for this person, the nurse must first recognize that the teenager is in the: a. precontemplation stage of change. b. preparation stage of change. c. action stage of change. d. maintenance stage of change.

ANS: A A person in the precontemplation stage of change is not thinking about or considering quitting or adopting a behavior change within the next 6 months. Health education must be matched to the stage of change. This teenager does not see a connection between his smoking and his asthma. He likes to smoke and is therefore unlikely to make any changes at this time.

Which of the following illustrates that the objectives of health education and counseling have been met? a. Asthmatic who has a decrease in emergency department visits b. Asthmatic who has been prescribed an albuterol inhaler c. Asthmatic who attends an asthma education program d. Asthmatic who visits the emergency department with an exacerbation

ANS: A Health education encourages positive, informed changes in lifestyle behaviors that prevent acute and chronic disease, decrease disability, and enhance wellness. Two main objectives of health education and counseling are to change health behaviors and to improve health status. An asthmatic with a decrease in emergency department visits is an improvement in health status, which is a reflection of behavior changes used to prevent acute exacerbations of a chronic disease.

A nurse is providing health education about the importance of dental health to Latino residents in a community. Which of the following considerations should be made to promote health literacy within this program? a. Speak slowly and distinctly. b. Refer the client to an interpreter. c. Use photographs whenever possible. d. Consider methods to facilitate empowerment.

ANS: A Strategies to promote health literacy include creating a shame-free environment (speaking slowly and distinctly), using clear and purposeful communication (being specific and concrete), communicating in a patient-centered manner (assess what is already known), and reinforcing the spoken word (using a variety of methods: photographs, audio, and drawings).

The goal for the educational session is to have the individual explain when he should check his blood sugar level. Which of the following teaching strategies would be most effective for the nurse to implement? a. Provide the individual with one-on-one education about blood sugar monitoring. b. Provide the individual with a scenario about blood sugar monitoring. c. Provide the individual with the opportunity to practice blood sugar monitoring. d. Provide the individual with a blood sugar monitor.

ANS: A Teaching is directed toward one or more of the three learning domains. The goal of having the individual explain when to monitor blood sugar levels relates to the cognitive domain, and it is best achieved by using strategies such as lecture, one-on-one education, and discussion. This allows the educator to provide the individual with a large amount of information at one time.

A nurse distributes a demographic questionnaire to attendees of a weight management program. Which step in the teaching-learning process is being implemented? a. Assessment b. Development c. Implementation d. Evaluation

ANS: A The assessment step in the teaching-learning process is comprised of assessing the students' characteristics and needs. Obtaining demographic data from the attendees will help the nurse determine the characteristics of the students.

A nurse would like to assist Americans in improving their health. Which strategy would be most beneficial to improve the health of the American public? a. Encourage Americans to stop smoking. b. Lobby for state-of-the-art magnetic resonance imaging machines in all hospitals. c. Provide free medications for Americans. d. Offer free condoms to teenagers.

ANS: A The greatest opportunity to improve the health of the American people lies in addressing unhealthy, personal, behavioral risk factors. Intensive lifestyle changes can be effective not only in preventing chronic diseases, but also in reversing their progression and significantly reducing health care costs. Improvement of the public's health is more likely to come from behavior change than technology. Therefore, people deciding they are going to change their behavior and stop smoking are likely to lead to improvements in the health of the public.

Which of the following emphasizes that an individual's belief in being personally capable of performing the behavior is required to influence one's own health? a. Social cognitive theory b. Self-efficacy theory c. Health belief model d. Transtheoretical model

ANS: A The model that emphasizes an individual's belief in being personally capable of performing the behavior required to influence one's own health is known as the social cognitive theory.

A nurse is developing health education content for an educational session with adults about the prevention of cardiovascular disease. Which of the following domains should be considered when developing the teaching plan? (select all that apply) a. Cognitive b. Psychomotor c. Gross motor d. Affective

ANS: A, B, D The three domains of health education are cognitive, affective, and psychomotor.

A nurse is providing a group presentation about the importance of healthy eating. Which of the following activities must be addressed to ensure an adequate learning climate? (select all that apply) a. Creating a sense of preparedness and organization b. Planning for alternative learning activities c. Assessing group needs d. Observing group interactions

ANS: A, C, D Several activities need to be addressed in group presentations. They include creating a sense of preparedness and organization; anticipating group needs; assessing group needs; maintaining a high level of motivation and a sense of individualized attention and progression; and observing group interactions.

A nurse is developing an educational session for adolescents related to avoidance of risky behaviors. Which of the following steps of the teaching-learning process will need to be considered? (select all that apply) a. Assessment b. Diagnosis c. Development d. Implementation

ANS: A, C, D Steps in the teaching-learning process include assessment, development of learning outcomes and teaching plan, implementation of the teaching plan, and evaluation of expected outcomes.

A nurse is developing learning objectives for an individual who has been placed on a low-fat, low-cholesterol diet. Which is an example of an appropriately written cognitive learning objective? a. The individual will understand the importance of a low-fat, low-cholesterol diet. b. The individual will correctly identify and purchase low-fat, low-cholesterol foods. c. The individual will believe that his heart will benefit from a low-fat, low-cholesterol diet. d. The individual will feel healthier if he follows a low-fat, low-cholesterol diet.

ANS: B Cognitive learning refers to the development of new facts or concepts and builds on or applies knowledge to new situations. Objectives of this domain must incorporate action verbs that indicate observable learning. Identifying and purchasing low-fat, low-cholesterol foods demonstrates that the individual has learned which foods are low in fat and cholesterol.

A nurse is educating a group of adults who are attempting smoking cessation. Which intervention would be most effective for the nurse to implement? a. Give the group members a handout on the dangers of smoking. b. Set a quit date with the group and determine which pharmacological method is most suitable for group members. c. Provide a month's supply of nicotine replacement to use before the next visit. d. Have a guest speaker who has been diagnosed with lung cancer speak to the group.

ANS: B Educators can increase a person's motivation and capabilities to change by involving the person in the planning and goal setting. By picking a quit date and developing an action plan with the person, the educator is positively influencing the person's motivation level. Education alone is not enough to influence change.

A nurse is counseling a person who has recently started to receive treatment for alcohol abuse. Which factor would most negatively influence the person's decision to stop abusing alcohol? a. He is a Catholic. b. His wife recently died from breast cancer. c. Buying alcohol is expensive. d. He was educated on the dangers of excessive drinking.

ANS: B Effective health education requires an understanding of the influential factors affecting the individual's decision-making. These factors include values, beliefs, attitudes, life stresses, religion, previous experiences, and life goals. Although religion and education can influence a person's decision, the stressor of his wife's recent death is most likely to negatively influence his decision to stop abusing alcohol.

A nurse is using a health education component when teaching about smoking cessation. Which of the following actions is the nurse implementing? a. Setting a quit date for people in a smoking cessation class b. Providing education regarding the benefits of smoking cessation c. Allowing smokers to participate in a smoking cessation program only if they use the patch nicotine replacement system d. Encouraging attendees of a smoking cessation program to participate in a research study

ANS: B Essential components of health education involve using teaching strategies, having learners maintain voluntary control over the decision to make changes in their actions, and focusing on behavior changes that have been found to improve heath. Providing smokers with the information regarding the benefits of smoking cessation allows them to make their own decision and provides them with information that is known to improve health.

The goal is for the individual to verbalize the importance of checking blood sugar levels. Which of the following strategies would be best for the nurse to implement to achieve this goal? a. Provide one-on-one education about blood sugar monitoring. b. Provide the individual with a scenario about blood sugar monitoring. c. Provide the individual with the opportunity to practice blood sugar monitoring. d. Provide the individual with a blood sugar monitor.

ANS: B Teaching is directed toward one or more of the three learning domains. The goals of having the individual verbalized the importance of checking blood sugar levels relates to the affective domain. Teaching strategies for this domain include role modeling and role playing. Such strategies allow the individual to formulate appropriate responses, attitudes, and feelings.

A nurse plans to use lectures, handouts, and a video to teach a group of teenagers the importance of safe sex practices. Which step in the teaching-learning process is the nurse demonstrating? a. Assessment b. Development c. Implementation d. Evaluation

ANS: B The development of a teaching plan component of the teaching-learning process is comprised of developing the course content, teaching strategies, and learning action. Lectures, handouts, and videos are all examples of teaching strategies.

A teenager, who lives at home with her parents and school-aged brother, has been diagnosed with anorexia nervosa. Which of the following would be the most appropriate teaching goal for this family? a. Increased energy level b. Improved coping c. Enhanced self-esteem d. Facilitated family conversation

ANS: B The family plays an important role in health and illness. Understanding and intervening with the family is essential to promoting health and reducing risk. Health teaching includes all family members although the general teaching goal is the same for all, approaches and specific goals for each member will be different. An illness in one member of the family can alter the entire family's ability to cope. As a result, improved coping is the most appropriate goal.

An overweight woman is in the preparation stage of change. Which of the following interventions would be the most appropriate for the nurse to implement? a. Inform her of the health risks associated with being overweight. b. Prepare her for the setbacks. c. Develop a low-calorie/low-fat diet with her so she can follow it at home. d. Praise her for her recent successes.

ANS: C A person in the preparation stage of change has made a change or is seriously thinking about making a change in the next month. At this stage, people make small or sporadic changes. Health education must be matched to the stage of change. During this stage, it is the educator's role to provide the woman with the tools to move forward with her plan. Working on a diet together will decrease barriers to change by making it easier for the woman to follow a diet. Enlisting her cooperation achieves better results.

A nurse is developing learning objectives for an individual who is becoming more physically active. Which of the following is an example of an appropriately written affective learning objective? a. The individual will understand the importance of daily exercise. b. The individual will demonstrate the importance of daily exercise. c. The individual will verbalize the importance of daily exercise. d. The individual will believe in the importance of daily exercise.

ANS: C Affective learning alludes to the recognition of values, religious and spiritual beliefs, family interaction patterns and relationships, and personal attitudes that affect decisions and the problem-solving process. Objectives of this domain must incorporate action verbs that indicate observable learning. Verbalizing the importance of daily exercise alludes to the recognition of the value of daily exercise to the individual.

A nurse is providing education about safe driving with a group of newly licensed teenagers. Which factor would most likely influence a teenager's decision to drive within the speed limit? a. A speed limit sign b. Having his parents telling him not to speed c. A previous traffic violation for speeding d. Seeing someone get pulled over for speeding

ANS: C Effective health education requires an understanding of the influential factors affecting the individual's decision making. These factors include values, beliefs, attitudes, life stresses, religion, previous experiences, and life goals. Having had a previous experience with receiving a speeding ticket may positively influence the teenager's decision to drive within the speed limit because (1) he knows he is vulnerable to being caught and ticketed again, and (2) further tickets may have an effect on his ability to drive at all (e.g., his parents may punish him by not allowing him to drive, his driving privileges with the department of motor vehicles may be affected, or his insurance premium may be affected). Although seeing someone get pulled over may influence a person's decision through modeling and observing others, teenagers believe they are invincible and therefore would probably not be effective in this age group.

Which of the following illustrates that the objectives of health education and counseling are being met? a. Diabetic who attends a diabetes education program b. Diabetic who watches a video about self-administration of insulin c. Diabetic who starts taking his medications regularly d. Diabetic who is admitted in diabetic ketoacidosis

ANS: C Health education encourages positive, informed changes in lifestyle behaviors that prevent acute and chronic disease, decrease disability, and enhance wellness. Two main objectives of health education and counseling are to change health behaviors and to improve health status. A diabetic who starts taking his medications regularly is an example of a behavior change intended to decrease disability.

A teenager, who lives at home with her parents and school-aged brother, has been diagnosed with anorexia nervosa. Which of the following would be the most appropriate teaching goal for this teenager? a. Increased energy level b. Improved coping c. Enhanced self-esteem d. Accomplished activities of daily living

ANS: C Health teaching includes all family members; although the general teaching goal is the same for all, approaches and specific goals for each member will be different. Teenagers with anorexia nervosa often have decreased self-esteem. As a result, an appropriate goal for this teenager would be enhanced self-esteem.

The goal for the educational session is for the individual to correctly demonstrate proper technique for checking blood sugar levels. Which of the following teaching strategies would be most effective? a. Provide the individual with one-on-one education about blood sugar monitoring. b. Provide the individual with a scenario about blood sugar monitoring. c. Provide the individual with the opportunity to practice blood sugar monitoring. d. Provide the individual with a blood sugar monitor.

ANS: C Teaching is directed toward one or more of the three learning domains. The goal of having the individual demonstrate the proper technique for checking blood sugar levels relates to the psychomotor domain and is best achieved through demonstration and practice. These strategies allow the nurse to provide the individual with feedback and encouragement.

An overweight woman joins a support group to help her lose weight. During her first session, the nurse explains the components of a healthy diet and discusses with the woman how she can eat out and still maintain a healthy diet. She asks the woman what her goal is and emphasizes that she herself is the key to success. What is the nurse promoting through the use of this strategy? a. Communication b. Values c. Advanced planning d. Empowerment

ANS: D A goal of health education is empowerment. People who believe they can make a difference in their own health and who are included in decision making are more likely to make changes. By giving the woman the tools (education about a healthy diet) and involving her in the decision-making (set her own goal), the nurse empowers the woman to make a change in her eating habits.

A nurse is developing learning objectives for an individual who has been recently diagnosed with asthma. Which is an example of an appropriately written psychomotor learning objective? a. The individual will understand how to correctly use an inhaler. b. The individual will realize the importance of using an inhaler correctly. c. The individual will feel better when using the inhaler correctly. d. The individual will demonstrate proper use of the inhaler.

ANS: D Psychomotor learning involves developing physical skills from simple to complex. Objectives of this domain must incorporate action verbs that indicate observable learning. Demonstrating proper use indicates that the individual has developed the necessary skills to use an inhaler correctly.