Exam 2

A specialized tissue with both contractile and conducting properties.

muscle tissue

A layer of fibrous connective tissue around a bone

periosteum

The large, serous membrane of the abdominal cavity

peritoneum

The membrane that covers each lung

pleura

Cutaneous receptors in the skin measure which sensory modalities

pressure, touch, vibration

A term for flat, irregular epithelial cells.

squamous

Term that describes flat, irregular epithelial cells

squamous

To bring the edges of a wound together to aid healing and reduce the size of a scar

suture

A cord of connective tissue that connects a muscle to a bone

tendon

Tiny, hairlike projections from epithelium that can move dust and other foreign particles along the airways

cilia

The flexible white protein that makes up the main fibers in connective tissue

collagen

The three types of cartilages are: hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage and collogenic cartilage.

false

a tendon connect a bone to another bone

false

smooth muscle is voluntary

false

The oxygen-carrying molecule in red blood cells

hemoglobin

The protein in the epidermis that thickens and protects the skin

keratin

The epithelial linings of tubes and spaces that are connected with the outside

mucous membrane

A tough membrane composed entirely of connective tissue that serves to anchor and support an organ or to cover a muscle

fascia

A type of loose connective tissue.

areolar

Endocrine glands secrete through ducts.

false

Skin without hair is thinner than skin with hair.

false

Sweat glands, tear glands, and sebaceous glands are all examples of endocrine glands.

false

Temperatures that most closely approximates normal core body temperature?

98.6ºF (37ºC)

proportion of total body weight that is accounted for by the skin

15%

best approximate the proportion of total heat loss which occurs through the skin

80%

The visceral layer of a serous membrane lines the wall of a cavity or sac.

False

Which of the following receptors respond to vibration?

Meissner's corpuscles, Pacinian corpuscles

Skin layer that is a single layer of cuboidal-shaped cells on a basal membrane

Stratum Basale

The most superficial layer of the epidermis

Stratum corneum

Vitamin produced in the skin

Vitamin D

A type of connective tissue that stores fat and serves as a heat insulator

adipose

The most significant determinant of skin color

amount of melanin produced

Which of the following is not a type of epithelial tissue?

areolar

The fibers of a neuron are

axons and dendrites

Another name for osseous tissue.

bone

Tissue that forms when cartilage gradually becomes impregnated with calcium salts

bone

Not a function of skin

breathing

What type of muscle is depicted in the illustration? (two words)

cardiac muscle

The hard connective tissue that acts as a shock absorber and as a bearing surface to reduce friction between moving parts

cartilage

The tough, elastic substance found at the ends of long bones

cartilage

A modified apocrine sweat gland that produces wax is the

ceruminous gland

A term that describes long, narrow epithelial cells.

columnar

Types of epithelium

columnar, squamous, transitional, cuboidal

A term that describes areolar tissue is

connective

Functions of skin

cultaneous sensation, protection, thermoregulation

These types of epithelial membranes refers to the skin covering of the surface of the body.

cutaneous membranes

The internal structure of the hair consists of

cuticle, cortex, medulla

Which of the following help the skin to act as a barrier to microbes?

defensins, normal flora, sweat

The layer of skin beneath the epidermis that is responsible for the elasticity and strength of skin, supplies the epidermis with nutrients, and plays an important role in thermoregulation

dermis

The outermost part of the skin, formed by several layers of epithelial cells

epidermis

"The tissue that forms a protective covering for the body and that lines the digestive, respiratory, and urinary passages"

epithelium

Heat is lost from the skin through which of the following processes?

evaporation, convection, conduction, radiation

Term for glands that secrete through ducts

exocrine

Epithelium that is arranged in many layers is described as simple.

false

Sebum is produced by sudoriferous glands

false

The endocrine glands do NOT produce hormones.

false

The stratum corneum is the deepest part of the epidermis

false

Large, flat, branching cells present in most connective tissue

fibroblasts

Large, flat, branching cells present in most connective tissue.

fibroblasts

Which cell types produces scar tissue?

fibroblasts

time required for a cell to transition from the basal layer towards the apical layers, become keratinized, and finally be sloughed off?

four weeks

Specialized cells that function to secrete products either onto a body surface, or into the blood either directly or via a duct.

glands

In addition to melanin and carotene, what other molecule contributes towards the skin color of an individual?

hemoglobin

The study of tissue

histology

These type of glands secrete their products by shedding whole cells.

holocrine

endocrine glands produce

hormones

Another name for the skin as a whole

integument

The body system that is composed of skin and its associated structures is the

integumentary system

the dermis is divided into 2 sublayers

true

Most common type of epidermis

keratinocyte

Cell types that are usually found in the epidermis

keratinocytes, melanocytes, langerhans cells

Which is the term used for the white, half-moon shaped area at the proximal end of the nail?

lunule

Not a connective tissue membrane

matrix

Sensory receptors that are egg-shaped, encapsulated masses of dendrites.

meissner's corpuscle

The pigment that is largely responsible for skin color

melanin

Any thin sheet of tissue that separates two or more structures

membrane

gland that contributes to thermoregulation?

merocrine gland

a clear plate of dead keratinized epidermal cells that covers and protects the dorsal aspect of the finger tips and toes

nail

The supportive cells in the nervous system are collectively known as

neuroglia

Not a type of epithelium

oval

Sensory receptor that is a large oval structure, consisting of a dendrite wrapped in a multilayered, connective tissue capsule and adapt rapidly to stimuli and are involved in sensing pressure.

pacinian corpuscle

Alerts the brain to potentially damaging sensations or actual tissue injury

pain

Which form the sublayers of the dermis?

papillary region, reticular region

The second phase in skin wound healing is called the

proliferation and migratory phase

Which THREE are major phases of the deep wound healing process?

proliferation and migratory phase, inflammatory phase, maturation and remodeling phase

In connective tissue, these types of fibers are very fine, and branch to form strong, supportive frameworks.

reticular fibers

A gland that produces an oily secretion on skin and hair

sebaceous gland

What is the function of the indicated structure in the illustration below?

sense pressure

Types of membranes that line the closed cavities within the body

serous membrane

A term for cells in many layers.

stratified

A term that means in layers

stratified

Cells involved in the healing of the epidermis are produced by cell division occurring in which ONE of the following epidermal strata?

stratum basale

Which epidermal strata contains the most live cells?

stratum basale

The thickened outermost layer of the epidermis is the

stratum corneum

Layers of the epidermis (superficial to deep)

stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale

The hypodermis is the

subcutaneous tissue

A gland that produces sweat

sudoriferous gland

A group of cells similar in structure and function

tissue

Bone is a rigid connective tissue that contains calcium and phosphorus.

true

Keratin is a protein that helps to thicken the skin

true

Periosteum is the membrane around a bone.

true

The stratum lucidum is only found in the hairless, thick skin of the fingertips, palms and soles of the feet.

true

Thin skin is also known as hairy skin

true

Transitional epithelium is tissue that

varies in size and function

characteristics that best describe the epidermis

waterproof, continually replenished, composed of several layers, superficial to the dermis