Exam 2
A specialized tissue with both contractile and conducting properties.
muscle tissue
A layer of fibrous connective tissue around a bone
periosteum
The large, serous membrane of the abdominal cavity
peritoneum
The membrane that covers each lung
pleura
Cutaneous receptors in the skin measure which sensory modalities
pressure, touch, vibration
A term for flat, irregular epithelial cells.
squamous
Term that describes flat, irregular epithelial cells
squamous
To bring the edges of a wound together to aid healing and reduce the size of a scar
suture
A cord of connective tissue that connects a muscle to a bone
tendon
Tiny, hairlike projections from epithelium that can move dust and other foreign particles along the airways
cilia
The flexible white protein that makes up the main fibers in connective tissue
collagen
The three types of cartilages are: hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage and collogenic cartilage.
false
a tendon connect a bone to another bone
false
smooth muscle is voluntary
false
The oxygen-carrying molecule in red blood cells
hemoglobin
The protein in the epidermis that thickens and protects the skin
keratin
The epithelial linings of tubes and spaces that are connected with the outside
mucous membrane
A tough membrane composed entirely of connective tissue that serves to anchor and support an organ or to cover a muscle
fascia
A type of loose connective tissue.
areolar
Endocrine glands secrete through ducts.
false
Skin without hair is thinner than skin with hair.
false
Sweat glands, tear glands, and sebaceous glands are all examples of endocrine glands.
false
Temperatures that most closely approximates normal core body temperature?
98.6ºF (37ºC)
proportion of total body weight that is accounted for by the skin
15%
best approximate the proportion of total heat loss which occurs through the skin
80%
The visceral layer of a serous membrane lines the wall of a cavity or sac.
False
Which of the following receptors respond to vibration?
Meissner's corpuscles, Pacinian corpuscles
Skin layer that is a single layer of cuboidal-shaped cells on a basal membrane
Stratum Basale
The most superficial layer of the epidermis
Stratum corneum
Vitamin produced in the skin
Vitamin D
A type of connective tissue that stores fat and serves as a heat insulator
adipose
The most significant determinant of skin color
amount of melanin produced
Which of the following is not a type of epithelial tissue?
areolar
The fibers of a neuron are
axons and dendrites
Another name for osseous tissue.
bone
Tissue that forms when cartilage gradually becomes impregnated with calcium salts
bone
Not a function of skin
breathing
What type of muscle is depicted in the illustration? (two words)
cardiac muscle
The hard connective tissue that acts as a shock absorber and as a bearing surface to reduce friction between moving parts
cartilage
The tough, elastic substance found at the ends of long bones
cartilage
A modified apocrine sweat gland that produces wax is the
ceruminous gland
A term that describes long, narrow epithelial cells.
columnar
Types of epithelium
columnar, squamous, transitional, cuboidal
A term that describes areolar tissue is
connective
Functions of skin
cultaneous sensation, protection, thermoregulation
These types of epithelial membranes refers to the skin covering of the surface of the body.
cutaneous membranes
The internal structure of the hair consists of
cuticle, cortex, medulla
Which of the following help the skin to act as a barrier to microbes?
defensins, normal flora, sweat
The layer of skin beneath the epidermis that is responsible for the elasticity and strength of skin, supplies the epidermis with nutrients, and plays an important role in thermoregulation
dermis
The outermost part of the skin, formed by several layers of epithelial cells
epidermis
"The tissue that forms a protective covering for the body and that lines the digestive, respiratory, and urinary passages"
epithelium
Heat is lost from the skin through which of the following processes?
evaporation, convection, conduction, radiation
Term for glands that secrete through ducts
exocrine
Epithelium that is arranged in many layers is described as simple.
false
Sebum is produced by sudoriferous glands
false
The endocrine glands do NOT produce hormones.
false
The stratum corneum is the deepest part of the epidermis
false
Large, flat, branching cells present in most connective tissue
fibroblasts
Large, flat, branching cells present in most connective tissue.
fibroblasts
Which cell types produces scar tissue?
fibroblasts
time required for a cell to transition from the basal layer towards the apical layers, become keratinized, and finally be sloughed off?
four weeks
Specialized cells that function to secrete products either onto a body surface, or into the blood either directly or via a duct.
glands
In addition to melanin and carotene, what other molecule contributes towards the skin color of an individual?
hemoglobin
The study of tissue
histology
These type of glands secrete their products by shedding whole cells.
holocrine
endocrine glands produce
hormones
Another name for the skin as a whole
integument
The body system that is composed of skin and its associated structures is the
integumentary system
the dermis is divided into 2 sublayers
true
Most common type of epidermis
keratinocyte
Cell types that are usually found in the epidermis
keratinocytes, melanocytes, langerhans cells
Which is the term used for the white, half-moon shaped area at the proximal end of the nail?
lunule
Not a connective tissue membrane
matrix
Sensory receptors that are egg-shaped, encapsulated masses of dendrites.
meissner's corpuscle
The pigment that is largely responsible for skin color
melanin
Any thin sheet of tissue that separates two or more structures
membrane
gland that contributes to thermoregulation?
merocrine gland
a clear plate of dead keratinized epidermal cells that covers and protects the dorsal aspect of the finger tips and toes
nail
The supportive cells in the nervous system are collectively known as
neuroglia
Not a type of epithelium
oval
Sensory receptor that is a large oval structure, consisting of a dendrite wrapped in a multilayered, connective tissue capsule and adapt rapidly to stimuli and are involved in sensing pressure.
pacinian corpuscle
Alerts the brain to potentially damaging sensations or actual tissue injury
pain
Which form the sublayers of the dermis?
papillary region, reticular region
The second phase in skin wound healing is called the
proliferation and migratory phase
Which THREE are major phases of the deep wound healing process?
proliferation and migratory phase, inflammatory phase, maturation and remodeling phase
In connective tissue, these types of fibers are very fine, and branch to form strong, supportive frameworks.
reticular fibers
A gland that produces an oily secretion on skin and hair
sebaceous gland
What is the function of the indicated structure in the illustration below?
sense pressure
Types of membranes that line the closed cavities within the body
serous membrane
A term for cells in many layers.
stratified
A term that means in layers
stratified
Cells involved in the healing of the epidermis are produced by cell division occurring in which ONE of the following epidermal strata?
stratum basale
Which epidermal strata contains the most live cells?
stratum basale
The thickened outermost layer of the epidermis is the
stratum corneum
Layers of the epidermis (superficial to deep)
stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale
The hypodermis is the
subcutaneous tissue
A gland that produces sweat
sudoriferous gland
A group of cells similar in structure and function
tissue
Bone is a rigid connective tissue that contains calcium and phosphorus.
true
Keratin is a protein that helps to thicken the skin
true
Periosteum is the membrane around a bone.
true
The stratum lucidum is only found in the hairless, thick skin of the fingertips, palms and soles of the feet.
true
Thin skin is also known as hairy skin
true
Transitional epithelium is tissue that
varies in size and function
characteristics that best describe the epidermis
waterproof, continually replenished, composed of several layers, superficial to the dermis