Exam 3: Chapter 35

Which of the following tends to happen as a population approaches its carrying capacity?

All of the above

Choose the best definition of a community

All organisms in an area

When a nontoxic viceroy butterfly has come to resemble the distasteful monarch butterfly, the relationship can best be called:

Batesian mimicry

Why don't many successions reach the climax community status?

Because the local climate keeps changing and human activities have an impact

A tropical forest and desert would be examples of:

Biomes

Major terrestrial assemblages with similarly adapted plants, animals, and microorganisms that occur over wide geographical areas with distinct physical characteristics are referred to as ______________.

Biomes

The ________________ of a habitat is the number of individuals the habitat has the resources to support indefinitely.

Carrying capacity

When the growth rate of a population tapers off at a certain point and remains at the same point indefinitely, the population is said to have reached the:

Carrying capacity

When organisms change their behavior to avoid competition, it is called ____________________________.

Character displacement

The back-and-forth evolutionary adjustments species make to each other are examples of _________________.

Coevolution

A type of symbiosis in which one species benefits from the relationship while the other neither benefits nor is harmed is called:

Commensalism

Cattle egrets have a ________ relationship with African Cape Buffaloes.

Commensalistic

Populations of different species that live together in the same place are called ________

Communities

All of the different kinds of interacting organisms living within a certain area make up a:

Community

______________ serves to narrow niche breadth.

Competition

An experiment that was conducted by Gause in the 1930s with Paramecium clearly demonstrated:

Competitive exclusion

Factors of weather and climate that operate on a population regardless of its size are called _____________________ effects.

Density-independent

To determine how well a population is doing in a given area, ecologists will determine population ________________, which is a measure of the scatter of individuals within the habitat.

Dispersion

________________ is defined as the percentage of the original population that survives to a given age.

Survivorship

_____________ species avoid competition by living in different portions of the habitat or using different resources.

Sympatric

A _____________ ecologist would be interested in how biological communities interact with their physical environment.

Systems

The rate at which a population can increase when food and habitat are limitless is called:

The biotic potential

If a plant species grows where no life existed before, this is a:

Primary succession

Predators can drive their prey to extinction unless the prey has:

Refuges in which to hide

Succession that occurs on abandoned agricultural fields is best described as:

Secondary succession

The number of different kinds of species inhabiting an ecosystem is called _________________.

Species richness

Lice and their relationship with mammals is an example of what type of relationship?

Parasitism

A community and the nonliving factors with which it interacts is called a(n):

Ecosystem

______________ are the fundamental units of ecology

Ecosystems

The term "ecology" was first used by:

Ernst Haeckel

When population growth rate = rN, this type of growth can be called:

Exponential growth

All of the following are characteristics of an r-selected population EXCEPT:

Extensive homeostatic capacity

Species richness on islands is a dynamic equilibrium between colonization and _____________.

Extinction

. A biome is a community and the nonliving factors with which it interacts

False

A camouflaged animal uses aposematic coloring to hide from predators.

False

In true commensalism, both partners benefit.

False

Which type of symbiosis would exist between a tapeworm living in a human host using its nutrients for its own gain and detriment to the host?

Parasitism

The entire range of factors an organism has available to exploit in its habitat is its:

Fundamental niche

According to the logistic growth model, as N approaches K:

Growth rate begins to slow

All of the members of an interbreeding group of organisms in a local area make up a(n):

Population

A snake that has evolved to look similar to a branch will probably be able to avoid:

Predation

_______________ is the consuming of one organism by another.

Predation

When a population reaches the carrying capacity of its habitat, the effects of crowding can be felt. Which of the following is NOT a density-dependent effect?

Increased rate of reproduction

If you remove mountain lions from their habitat and the diversity of other species decreases, the mountain lion was likely a:

Keystone species

From the list that follows choose the adaptation characteristic of K-selected populations

Late age of first reproduction

______________ occurs when one organism physically resembles another

Mimicry

Biologically diverse ecosystems are ____________ than less diverse ecosystems.

More stable

A symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit is called ___________.

Mutualism

The role an organism plays within its ecosystem is called its _______________.

Niche

After much study, ecologists have come to the conclusion that competitive exclusion:

Occurs very rarely in nature

Species that live in the same geographical area are called sympatric.

True

The principle of competitive exclusion states that no two species with the same niche can coexist indefinitely when resources are limiting.

True

When a lion competes with a zebra for water it is an example of interspecific competition.

True

What type of survivorship curve is typical of many oyster species?

Type III