Exam 3 (Chapter 9 & 10)

During a 30 minute transport of a stable patient, you should reassess him or her at least ___________ times.

2

When you assess capillary refill time in an infant, normal color to the testing area should return within:

2 seconds

Normal respiratory rate should not exceed __________ breaths per minute and toddlers and __________ breaths per minute in infants:

40, 60

And oxygen cylinder should be taken out of service and refilled when the pressure inside it is less than:

500 psi

For an adult, the normal resting pulse should be between:

60 and 100 bpm

In the adult, bradycardia is defined as a pulse rate less than __________ beats per minute, and tachycardia is defined as a heart rate greater than ___________ beats per minute

60, 100

With a good mask it's a face seal and an oxygen flow rate of 15 L per minute, the non-rebreathing mask is capable of delivering up to __________% inspired oxygen

90

Which of the following oxygen flowmeters is not affected by gravity and can be used in any position when attached to an oxygen cylinder?

Bourdon-gauge flowmeter

Which of the following signs of respiratory distress is the most commonly in pediatric patients?

Seesaw breathing

When auscultating the blood pressure in a patient's upper extremity, you should place the head of the stethoscope over the ____________ artery.

brachial

Normal skin color, temperature, and condition should be:

pink, warm, dry

When performing the secondary assessment on a trauma patient, you note the presence of battle sign. This is defined as:

bruising behind the ear

In responsive patients who are older than one year of age, you should palpate the pulse at the ___________ artery.

radial

Pain that moves from its point of origin to another body location is said to be:

radiating

When palpating a patient's pulse, you know that there is a short interval between pulsations. This indicates that the pulse is:

rapid

You are ventilating a 40-year-old an injured man who is apneic but has a pulse. When your partner reassesses his blood pressure, she notes that it has decreased significantly from previous readings. You should:

reduce the rate or volume of the ventilations you are delivering

If a patient develops difficulty breathing after your primary assessment, you should immediately:

reevaluate his or her airway status.

A pulse with a consistent pattern is considered to be:

regular

When interviewing a patient, you can show him or her that you understand the situation by:

repeating statements back to him or her

An unconscious patient found in a prone position must be placed in a supine position in case he or she:

requires CPR

Prior to applying a non-rebreathing mask to a patient, you must ensure that the:

reservoir bag is fully inflated

The leaf shaped structure located superior to the larynx is called the:

epiglottis

Which of the following structures is contained within the mediastinum?

esophagus

Despite your attempts to coach a conscious younger females respirations, she continues to hyperventilate with a marked reduction in tidal volume. You should:

explain to her that you will assist her ventilations

The process of exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and the blood of the capillaries is called:

external respiration

A blood pressure cuff that is too small for a patient's arm will give a:

faslely high systolic and diastolic reading

A patient with high blood pressure would be expected to have skin that is:

flushed and red

Which of the following findings indicates that your patient has a patent airway?

forceful coughing

A 71-year-old female slipped on a rug and fell. She is conscious and alert and complains of severe pelvic pain. Her respirations are 22 breaths per minute with adequate depth and her heart rate is 120 bpm. Which of the following is not indicated for this patient?

gentle palpation of the pelvis

The goal of the systematic head to toe exam that is performed during the secondary assessment is to:

locate injuries not found in the primary assessment

The hypoxic drive is influenced by:

low blood oxygen levels

As you assess the head of a patient with a suspected spinal injury, your partner should:

maintain stabilization of the head

The diastolic blood pressure represents the:

minimum amount of pressure that is always present in the arteries.

Which of the following most accurately describes the paradoxical movement of the chest wall?

only one section of the chest rises on inspiration, while another area falls

A 40-year old male crashed his motorcycle into a tree. He is semiconscious, has snoring respirations, and has a laceration to the forearm with minimal bleeding. You should:

open his airway with a jaw-thrust maneuver

1. A patient who does not respond to your questions, but moves or cries out when his or her trapezius muscle is pinched, is said to be:

responsive to painful stimuli.

Which of the following factors will cause a decrease to minute volume in an adult?

shallow breathing

Clinical signs of labored breathing include all of the following, except:

shallow chest movement.

Jugular venous distention suggest a problem with blood returning to the heart if the patient is:

sitting up at a 45 degree angle

A properly sized blood pressure cuff should cover:

two thirds the length from the armpit to the crease in the elbow.

While evaluating a patient with chest pain, your partner tells you that the patient's blood pressure is 140/94 mm Hg. The lower number represents the pressure from the:

ventricles relaxing

When assessing motor function in a conscious patient's lower extremities, you should expect the patient to:

wiggle his/her toes on command

A nasopharyngeal airway is inserted:

with the bevel facing the septum if inserted into the right nare

A patient with spontaneous respirations is breathing:

without assistance

Which of the following questions would you ask a patient to ascertain the "M" in the SAMPLE history?

"How much Tylenol do you take each day"

Which of the following patient responses would establish the "E" in the SAMPLE history?

"I was mowing the lawn when the pain began"

Which of the following questions is used to determine a patient's chief complaint?

"What seems to be the matter"

A 29-year-old male with a head injury opens his eyes when you speak to him, is confused as to the time and date, and is able to move all of his extremities on command. His Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score is:

13

The primary waste product of aerobic metabolism is:

CO2

Which of the following statements regarding stridor is correct?

It is a high-pitched, crowing upper airway sound

In which of the following situations is a pertinent negative identified?

a 59 yo man complains of crushing chest pain but denies SOB

A decrease in blood pressure may indicate:

a loss of vascular tone

A 51-year-old female presents with a sudden onset of difficulty breathing. She is conscious and alert and able to speak in complete sentences. Her respirations are 22 breaths per minute and regular. You should:

administer oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask

A 23-year-old male experienced severe head trauma after his motorcycle collided with an oncoming truck. He is unconscious, has a rapid and shallow breathing, and has copious bloody secretions in his mouth. How should you manage his airway?

alternate 15 seconds of oral suctioning with 2 minutes of assisted ventilation

Based on current guidelines, in which of the following situations should supplemental oxygen be administered?

any diabetic pt whose oxygen saturation is less than 98%

When using the pulse oximeter as part of your assessment of a patient, it is important to remember that:

any situation that causes vasoconstriction or loss of RBC, such as anemia or bleeding, may result in inaccurate or misleading value

Poor peripheral circulation will cause the skin to appear:

ashen

You receive a call to a daycare center for an unresponsive eight-month-old infant. Upon arrival, you perform an assessment and determined that the infant is not breathing. Your next action should be to:

assess for a brachial pulse for 5 to 10 seconds

Which of the following is the most effective method of assessing the quality of air movement in the lungs?

auscultating breath sounds with a stethoscope

When palpating the carotid pulse of a responsive patient, you should

avoid compressing both carotid arteries simultaneously.

An adult patient who is NOT experiencing difficulty breathing will:

be able to speak in complete sentences without unusual pauses.

When you shine a light into one pupil, the normal reaction of the other people should be to:

become smaller

Which of the following assessments would be the most useful in determining the possible cause of her patients altered mental status?

blood glucose level

Which of the following statements regarding the blood pressure is correct?

blood pressure is usually not measured in children younger than 3 years of age

When you inspect a patient's pupils with a penlight, the pupils should normally react to the light by:

constricting

To select the proper size oropharyngeal airway, you should measure from the:

corner of the mouth to the earlobe

When palpating a patient's pulse, you note that it is grossly regular. You should:

count the pulse rate for a full minute to obtain an accurate reading

When assessing the skin of an unresponsive patient, you note that it has a bluish tint to it. This finding is called:

cyanosis

Which of the following is a late sign of hypoxia?

cyanosis

A patient's short-term memory is MOST likely intact if he or she correctly answers questions regarding:

date and event

Cyanosis of the skin is caused by

decreased blood oxygen

A patient with profuse sweating is referred to as being:

diaphoretic

Inhalation occurs when the:

diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract and cause a decrease in intrathoracic pressure

What part of the patient assessment process focuses on obtaining additional information about the patient's chief complaint and any medical problems here she may have?

history taking

After performing a primary assessment, a rapid exam of the body should be performed to:

identify less-obvious injuries that require immediate treatment

If you cannot palpate a pulse in an unresponsive patient whose collapse was not witnessed, you should:

immediately begin CPR

Which of the following statements regarding oxygenation and ventilation is correct?

in mines or confined places, where o2 levels are low, ventilation may continue despite adequate oxygenation

Without adequate oxygen, the body cells:

incompletely convert glucose into energy, and lactic acid accumulates in the blood

Upon arriving at the scene of a patient with difficulty breathing, you determine that the scene is safe. You enter the residence and find the patient sitting in a chair in respiratory distress. Your first action should be to:

introduce yourself to the pt

In contrast to inhalation, exhalation:

is a passive process caused by increased intrathoracic pressure.

A patient is sitting in a chair, leaning forward on his outstretched arms. His head and chin are thrust forward. This position indicates that he:

is experiencing difficulty breathing

A 40-year-old male presents with pain to the right upper quadrant of his abdomen. He is conscious and alert with stable vital signs. During your assessment, you know that his skin and sclera are jaundiced. You should suspect:

liver dsyfunction

The diaphragm is innervated by the __________ nerve, which allows it to contract.

phrenic

When performing a rabbit exam on a supine patient, what part of the body is typically assessed last?

posterior

A 50-year-old male presents with altered mental status. His wife tells you that he had a "small stroke" three years ago but has otherwise been in good health. The patient is responsive but unable to follow commands. After administering oxygen if needed, you should:

prepare for immediate transport

You are dispatched to the county jail for an inmate who is "sick". When you arrive, you find the patient, a 33-year-old male, unresponsive. His airway is patent and his respirations are rapid and shallow. Your initial action should be to:

provide assisted ventilation

With regard to the assessment of a patient's cardiovascular status, capillary refill time is most reliable in:

pts who are younger than 6 years

The systematic head to toe assessment should be performed on:

pts with a significant MOI and unresponsive pts

You respond to the residence of a 62-year-old male who is unresponsive. Your primary assessment reveals that he is apneic and pulseless. You should:

start CPR and attach the AED asap

Which of the following abnormal breath sounds indicates obstruction of the upper airway?

stridor

A crackling sound produced by air bubbles under the skin is called:

subcutaneous emphysema

When assessing a patient's abdomen, you will evaluate for all of the following, except:

subcutaneous emphysema

After performing a head tilt-chin lift maneuver to open the airway of an unresponsive patient who has a pulse, you should:

suction as needed and insert an airway adjunct.

Proper technique for suctioning the oropharynx of an adult patient includes:

suctioning while withdrawing the catheter from the oropharynx

Which of the following with the EMT likely not perform on a responsive patient with a headache and no apparent life-threatening conditions?

systematic head-to-toe exam

When you use the palpation method to obtain a blood pressure, the measurement you obtain is the:

systolic BP

The pressure exerted against the walls of the artery when the left ventricle contracts is called the:

systolic pressure

The "Golden Hour" begins when an injury occurs and ends when:

the pt receives definitive care

When a patient's respirations are shallow: A. chest rise will be easily noticeable. B. tidal volume is markedly reduced. C. oxygenation occurs more efficiently. D. carbon dioxide elimination is increased

tidal volume is markedly reduced

When assessing a 62-year-old female with crushing chest pain, you know that her pulse is rapid any regular. You should administer a supplemental oxygen if needed and then:

transport at once and consider requesting a paramedic unit