Exam 3 - EMT

A 21-year-old male was working in an auto repair shop and sustained radiator burns to the anterior aspect of both arms and to his anterior chest. According to the rule of nines, this patient has burns that cover _____ of his body surface area. 36% 27% 45% 18%

18%

A person's ability to shiver is lost when his or her body temperature falls below: 95°F (35°C). 92°F (33°C). 90°F (32°C). 94°F (34°C).

90°F (32°C).

A 12-year-old male jumped approximately 12 feet from a tree and landed on his feet. He complains of pain to his lower back. What injury mechanism is MOST likely responsible for his back pain? Lateral impact to the spine Energy transmission to the spine Secondary fall after the initial impact Direct trauma to the spinal column

Energy transmission to the spine

A 66-year-old male presents with dark red rectal bleeding and abdominal pain. He is conscious and alert; however, his skin is cool and clammy and his pulse is rapid. Further assessment reveals that his blood pressure is 112/60 mm Hg. Which of the following questions would be mostpertinent to ask him? What does your blood pressure normally run? Has blood soaked through your undergarments? Do you take any over-the-counter medications? Have you experienced recent abdominal trauma?

Have you experienced recent abdominal trauma?

A 40-year-old unrestrained female impacted the steering wheel of her vehicle with her chest when she hit a tree while traveling at 45 mph. She is conscious and alert, but is experiencing significant chest pain and shortness of breath. Which of the following injuries is the LEAST likely? Pulmonary contusion Head injury Multiple rib fractures Cardiac contusion

Head injury

A 19-year-old male is unresponsive, apneic, and pulseless after being struck in the center of the chest with a softball. Based on the mechanism of injury, what mostlikely occurred? Fracture of the sternum that caused a rupture of the myocardium and led to a cardiac dysrhythmia Asystole secondary to massive intrathoracic hemorrhage due to traumatic rupture of the aorta Collapse of both lungs due to fractured ribs that perforated the lung tissue and caused cardiac arrest Ventricular fibrillation when the impact occurred during a critical portion of the cardiac cycle

Ventricular fibrillation when the impact occurred during a critical portion of the cardiac cycle

Abnormal variations in pupil size and reaction would mostlikely be observed in a patient with: a brain injury. conjunctivitis. retinitis. contact lenses.

a brain injury.

For electricity to flow through the body and cause damage: an insulator must exist between the electrical source and the patient. the part of the body that is in contact with the electrical source must be dry. the person must make direct physical contact with the source of electricity. a complete circuit must exist between the electrical source and the ground.

a complete circuit must exist between the electrical source and the ground.

The mesentery is: the point of attachment between the small and large intestines. a membranous fold that attaches the intestines to the walls of the body. a layer of thick skeletal muscles that protects the abdominal organs. a complex network of blood vessels that supply blood to the liver.

a membranous fold that attaches the intestines to the walls of the body.

Compression injuries to the abdomen that occur during a motor vehicle crash are typically the result of: rapid vehicle deceleration. failure to wear seat belts. a poorly placed lap belt. airbag deployment.

a poorly placed lap belt.

Breath-holding syncope is caused by a decreased stimulus to breathe and occurs when: a diver holds his or her breath during a staged ascent. a diver holds his or her breath for a long period of time. a swimmer breathes shallowly before entering the water. a swimmer hyperventilates prior to entering the water.

a swimmer hyperventilates prior to entering the water.

A 39-year-old male was struck in the head by a baseball during a game. He is confused and has slurred speech. He has a large hematoma in the center of his forehead and cannot remember the events preceding the injury. After manually stabilizing his head and assessing his airway, you should: palpate his radial pulses. apply ice to the hematoma. administer high-flow oxygen. perform a neurologic exam.

administer high-flow oxygen.

After being stung on the leg by a jellyfish, a man complains of severe pain to his leg, dizziness, and difficulty breathing. He has a red rash covering his trunk, and his blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg. The EMT should: apply warmth to the sting area and cover it with a dry sterile dressing. begin transport and immerse his leg in hot water to help reduce pain. remove the stingers from his leg by scraping them with a stiff object. administer oxygen and epinephrine and prepare for rapid transport.

administer oxygen and epinephrine and prepare for rapid transport.

A construction worker's arm was severed just above the elbow when a steel girder fell on it. The stump is covered with a blood-soaked towel. The patient's skin is cool, clammy, and pale. The EMT should: apply a tourniquet just below the shoulder. remove the towel and inspect the wound. administer high-flow oxygen to the patient. wrap the severed arm in a sterile dressing.

apply a tourniquet just below the shoulder.

A 17-year-old male was shot in the right anterior chest during an altercation. As your partner is applying oxygen, you perform a rapid assessment and find an open chest wound with a small amount of blood bubbling from it. You should: place a sterile dressing over the wound and apply direct pressure. control the bleeding from the wound and prepare to transport at once. direct your partner to assist the patient's ventilations with a bag-mask device. apply an occlusive dressing to the wound and continue your assessment.

apply an occlusive dressing to the wound and continue your assessment.

A 39-year-old male sustained a large laceration to his leg during an accident with a chainsaw and is experiencing signs and symptoms of shock. You should first: obtain baseline vital signs. provide high-flow oxygen. cover the patient with a blanket. apply direct pressure to the wound.

apply direct pressure to the wound.

A 30-year-old male was rescued after being lost in the woods for approximately 18 hours. The outside temperature is 30°F (-1°C). He is immediately placed in the warmed ambulance, where you perform a primary assessment. He is unresponsive, pale, and apneic. You should: assess for a carotid pulse for up to 60 seconds. apply an automated external defibrillator and assess his cardiac rhythm. open his airway and give two rescue breaths. apply chemical heat packs to his groin and axillae.

assess for a carotid pulse for up to 60 seconds.

A 20-year-old male was accidentally shot in the right upper abdominal quadrant with an arrow during an archery contest. Prior to your arrival, the patient removed the arrow. Your assessment reveals that he is conscious and alert with stable vital signs. The entrance wound is bleeding minimally and appears to be superficial. You should: transport only if signs of shock begin to develop. clean the wound and apply a dry, sterile dressing. assume that the arrow injured an internal organ. carefully probe the wound to determine its depth.

assume that the arrow injured an internal organ.

A dysbarism injury refers to the signs and symptoms related to changes in: barometric pressure. rapid descent. decompression. rapid ascent.

barometric pressure.

In contrast to Lyme disease, Rocky Mountain spotted fever: presents with flu-like symptoms and a bull's-eye rash. causes painful joint swelling after a few days or weeks. might be confused with rheumatoid arthritis. can cause paralysis and cardiorespiratory collapse.

can cause paralysis and cardiorespiratory collapse.

A 39-year-old female experienced a severe closed head injury. She is unresponsive with her eyes slightly open; her pupils are bilaterally dilated and slow to react. In addition to managing problems with airway, breathing, and circulation, you should: close her eyes and cover them with a moist dressing. inspect her eyes and gently remove impaled objects. irrigate her eyes with water to prevent mucosal drying. secure her eyes open so you can reassess her pupils.

close her eyes and cover them with a moist dressing.

Your presence is requested by law enforcement to assess a 33-year-old female who was sexually assaulted. The patient is conscious and obviously upset. As you are talking to her, you note an impressive amount of blood on her clothes in the groin area. Her blood pressure is 98/58 mm Hg, her pulse is 130 beats/min, and her respirations are 24 breaths/min. You should: arrange for a rape crisis center representative to speak with the patient. visualize the vaginal area and pack the vagina with sterile dressings. control any external bleeding, administer oxygen, and transport at once. allow her to change her clothes and take a shower before you transport.

control any external bleeding, administer oxygen, and transport at once.

A 39-year-old male accidentally cut his wrist while sharpening his hunting knife. He is conscious and alert with adequate breathing but is bleeding significantly from the wound. You should: apply a tourniquet proximal to the wound. control the bleeding with direct pressure. apply oxygen with a nonrebreathing mask. ensure the patient has a patent airway.

control the bleeding with direct pressure.

A 40-year-old male was in his woodworking shop when he felt a sudden, sharp pain in his left eye. Your assessment reveals a small splinter of wood embedded in his cornea. You should: cover both of his eyes and transport to the hospital. remove the object with a cotton-tipped applicator. scrape the splinter away with moist, sterile gauze. cover his right eye and flush the left eye with saline.

cover both of his eyes and transport to the hospital.

Drowning is most accurately defined as: death from suffocation after submersion in water. death beyond 24 hours after submersion in water. water in the lungs following submersion in water. temporary survival after submersion in water.

death from suffocation after submersion in water.

A supracondylar or intercondylar fracture is also known as a fracture of the: distal humerus. radial head. proximal radius. olecranon process.

distal humerus.

Accumulation of blood in the abdominal cavity will mostlikely cause: nausea or vomiting. referred pain. distention. diffuse bruising.

distention.

A 17-year-old football player collided with another player and has pain to his left clavicle. He is holding his arm against his chest and refuses to move it. Your assessment reveals obvious deformity to the midshaft clavicle. After assessing distal pulse, sensory, and motor functions, you should: place a pillow under his arm and apply a sling. straighten his arm and apply a board splint. perform a rapid secondary assessment. immobilize the injury with a sling and swathe.

immobilize the injury with a sling and swathe.

Shivering is a mechanism in which the body generates heat by: increasing the metabolic rate. decreasing the metabolic rate. decreasing the use of oxygen. retaining excess carbon dioxide.

increasing the metabolic rate.

A factory worker was splashed in the eyes with a strong acid chemical. He complains of intense pain and blurred vision. Your ambulance does not carry bottles of sterile saline or water. You should: irrigate both eyes continuously for 20 minutes with plain water. neutralize the acid chemical in his eye with an alkaline chemical. mix baking soda with water and irrigate his eyes with the solution. flush both eyes with an alcohol-based solution and transport.

irrigate both eyes continuously for 20 minutes with plain water.

A 22-year-old male was walking on the beach and had sand blown into his eyes. He complains of pain and decreased vision to his right eye. Treatment should include: irrigating both eyes simultaneously. irrigating his right eye laterally. covering both eyes and transporting. flushing his eye starting laterally.

irrigating his right eye laterally.

A driver involved in a rollover motor vehicle crash will MOST likely experience serious injuries or death if he or she: is ejected or partially ejected. experiences multiple impacts. is wearing only a lap belt. remains within the vehicle.

is ejected or partially ejected.

In contrast to the brown recluse spider, the black widow spider: is very small and has a violin-shaped marking on its back. has a bite that usually produces local pain but no systemic signs or symptoms. is large and has a red-orange hourglass mark on its abdomen. has a bite that is typically painless until a blister develops.

is large and has a red-orange hourglass mark on its abdomen.

For sweating to be an effective cooling mechanism: the relative humidity must be above 90%. it must evaporate from the body. several layers of clothing must be worn. the body must produce at least 1 L per hour.

it must evaporate from the body.

A 17-year-old female dislocated her patella while playing soccer. Her knee is flexed, and she complains of severe pain. You should: flex her knee slightly more and assess for distal circulation. gently straighten her knee and apply a padded board splint. keep her knee flexed and secure it with padded board splints. make one attempt to return the patella to its normal position.

keep her knee flexed and secure it with padded board splints.

A 29-year-old male has an anterior nosebleed after he was accidentally elbowed in the nose. He is conscious and alert with adequate breathing. The most appropriate care for this patient includes: placing him supine and pinching his nostrils together. packing the nasopharynx with moist, sterile dressings. leaning him forward and pinching his nostrils together. applying a gauze pad in between his lower lip and gum.

leaning him forward and pinching his nostrils together.

A frostbitten foot can be identified by the presence of: gross deformity. mottling and blisters. soft, smooth skin. blanching of the skin.

mottling and blisters.

As you approach a young male who was involved in an industrial accident, you note that his eyes are closed and that he is not moving. You can see several large contusions to his arms, a laceration to his forehead with minimal bleeding, and a closed deformity to his right leg. You should: assess his pulse for rate, regularity, and quality. open his airway and assess his breathing status. apply high-flow oxygen and assess his injuries. perform an immediate head-to-toe assessment.

open his airway and assess his breathing status.

A fracture caused by minimal force that is associated with diseases such as cancer and osteoporosis is called a __________ fracture. pathologic transverse greenstick comminuted

pathologic

A 43-year-old man is experiencing a severe nosebleed. His blood pressure is 190/110 mm Hg and his heart rate is 90 beats/min and bounding. Preferred treatment for this patient includes: placing a rolled 4 × 4-inch dressing between his lower lip and gum. pinching the patient's nostrils and having him lean forward. having the patient pinch his own nostrils and then lie supine. packing both nostrils with gauze pads until the bleeding stops.

pinching the patient's nostrils and having him lean forward.

After applying a pressure dressing to a laceration on a patient's arm, you notice that blood is slowly beginning to saturate it. You should: place additional dressings over the wound. splint the arm and keep it below heart level. replace the dressing with another dressing. apply a tourniquet proximal to the wound.

place additional dressings over the wound.

A 30-year-old male sustained a stab wound to the neck when he was attacked outside a nightclub. During your assessment, you should be MOST alert for: potential airway compromise. injury to the cervical spine. alterations in his mental status. damage to internal structures.

potential airway compromise.

A 22-year-old male was kicked in the abdomen multiple times during an assault. He is conscious but restless and his pulse is rapid. His skin is cold and moist. Your assessment reveals a large area of bruising to the right upper quadrant of his abdomen. The most appropriate treatment for this patient includes: applying oxygen via nasal cannula. a detailed assessment of his abdomen. preparing for immediate transport. performing a focused physical exam.

preparing for immediate transport.

A 30-year-old man complains of severe pain to his right tibia after an injury that occurred the day before. The patient's leg is pale, and he is unable to move his foot. The EMT should suspect that: the nerves supplying the foot have been severed. pressure in the fascial compartment is elevated. the nerves behind the knee are compromised. a severe infection has developed in the muscle.

pressure in the fascial compartment is elevated.

A 20-year-old male was pulled from cold water by his friends. The length of his submersion is not known and was not witnessed. You perform a primary assessment and determine that the patient is apneic and has a slow, weak pulse. You should: ventilate with a bag-valve mask, apply a rigid cervical collar, remove his wet clothing, and transport rapidly. suction his airway for 30 seconds, provide rescue breathing, keep him warm, and transport at once. provide rescue breathing, remove his wet clothing, immobilize his entire spine, keep him warm, and transport carefully. apply high-flow oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask, immobilize his spine, keep him warm, and transport rapidly.

provide rescue breathing, remove his wet clothing, immobilize his entire spine, keep him warm, and transport carefully.

Applying ice to and elevating an injured extremity are performed to: maintain extremity perfusion. prevent further injury. reduce pain and swelling. enhance tissue circulation.

reduce pain and swelling.

A 31-year-old male fell and landed on his left elbow. Your assessment reveals that the elbow is grossly deformed, his forearm is cool and pale, and the distal pulse is barely palpable. His vital signs are stable, and he denies any other injuries. Your transport time to the closest appropriate hospital is approximately 12 minutes. You should: splint the elbow in the position found and transport. gently straighten the elbow and apply an air splint. gently manipulate the elbow to improve circulation. apply a heat pack to the elbow to reduce swelling.

splint the elbow in the position found and transport.

A 15-year-old female was struck by a small car while riding her bicycle. She was wearing a helmet and was thrown to the ground, striking her head. In addition to managing problems associated with airway, breathing, and circulation, it is MOST important for you to: obtain baseline vital signs. inspect the helmet for cracks. leave her bicycle helmet on. stabilize her entire spine.

stabilize her entire spine.

A 31-year-old male was bitten on the leg by an unidentified snake. The patient is conscious and alert and in no apparent distress. Your assessment of his leg reveals two small puncture marks with minimal pain and swelling. In addition to administering oxygen and providing reassurance, further care for this patient should include: transporting only with close, continuous monitoring. supine positioning, splinting the leg, and transporting. elevating the lower extremities and giving antivenin. applying ice to the wound and transporting quickly.

supine positioning, splinting the leg, and transporting.

A 22-year-old male was kicked in the abdomen several times. You find him lying on his left side with his knees drawn up. He is conscious and alert and complains of increased pain and nausea when he tries to straighten his legs. His blood pressure is 142/82 mm Hg, his pulse rate is 110 beats/min and strong, and his respirations are 22 breaths/min and regular. In addition to administering high-flow oxygen, you should: place him supine but allow him to keep his knees bent. keep him on his side but gently straighten his legs. apply full spinal motion restriction precautions. transport him in the position in which you found him.

transport him in the position in which you found him.