Exam 3 HW Review

Which individual is probably not living in a culture that promotes a collectivist view of the world?

James, who lives in England

which pair of individuals is most likely to have the highest similarity in their IQ scores?

Marcus and Maria are identical twins who were separated at birth and raised in different families

who developed the triarchic theory of intelligence?

Robert Sternberg

Early maturing girls are ________.

at a higher risk of depression, substance abuse, and eating disorder

which parenting style is most encouraged in modern America?

authoritative

Rudy is amazing in all of his school classes, except math. He struggles to understand basic arithmetic concepts, confuses mathematical symbols like "+" and "=", and gets very frustrated and upset at the thoughts of doing math homework. Rudy has a normal level of cognitive functioning in other areas, and reads and writes with ease. Rudy's parents may want to have him evaluated to see if he suffers from ________.

dyscalculia

What does nurture refer to in the nature vs. nurture debate?

environment and culture

In the HEXACO model of personality traits, to what does the "X" refer?

extraversion

Grasping a toy, writing with a pencil, and using a spoon are all examples of ________ motor skills.

fine

during adolescence there is a tendency to see people engage in higher levels of risk-taking behavior. Emotional outbursts are also quite common. This is explained by the relative underdevelopment of the _______ lobe of the cerebral cortex

frontal

which concept is a type of mental set where you cannot perceive an object being used for something other than what it was designed for?

functional fixedness

knowing what a dinosaur is because you looked through a book with pictures of dinosaurs and watched the film Jurassic Park is an example of a natural concept that was developed through _______ experience

indirect

Nima excels at working with numbers in subjects such as calculus and algebra. This exemplifies _______ intelligence from the multiple intelligence theory

logical-mathematical

nima excels at working with numbers in subjects such as calculus and algebra. This exemplifies ________ intelligence from the multiple intelligence theory

logical-mathematical

A ________ is the smallest unit of language that conveys some type of meaning.

morpheme

what is a problem

obstacle between a present state and a goal state

Which statement summarizes the main idea of reciprocal determinism?

our behavior, cognitive processes, and situational context all influence each other

Galen used the terms calm, reliable, and thoughtful to describe a ________ person.

phlegmatic

Britta knows that it is wrong to break into a store that is closed, but there is a medical emergency and she has no cell phone with her. Her date has collapsed on the street and is having a seizure. Britta breaks the window of a local store, unlocks the door, and lets herself in to call the police. She stays behind to explain her behavior to the store owner, who shows up shortly after he is called. Britta is operating at the ________ level of Kohlberg's theory of morality.

post-conventional

Elroy decided not to cheat on the exam because he would fail the class if he was caught and he'd get punished by his parents. What stage of moral development does this exemplify?

pre-conventional

the practice of administering, scoring, and interpreting an assessment tool in the same manner is called ______.

standardization

what is the flynn effect?

the observation that each generation has a significantly higher IQ than the previous generation

What is the advantage of applying learning approaches to the study of personality?

they can be scientifically tested because they involve observable actions

which is an example of an artificial concept?

time

________ theorists attempt to explain our personality by identifying our stable characteristics and ways of behaving.

trait

Between birth and one year, infants are dependent on their caregivers; therefore, caregivers who are responsive and sensitive to their infant's needs help their baby to develop a sense of the world as a safe, predictable place. In Erikson's developmental theory, what is the primary developmental task of this stage?

trust vs mistrust

which theorist is credited with proposing the psychosexual stages of development?

Sigmund Freud

The ________ uses images and storytelling that relate to minority cultures.

TEAMAS Multicultural Thematic Apperception Test

which option is NOT one of the Wechsler tests of intelligence?

Wechsler Adolescent Intelligence Measure (WAIM)

what kind of professional would be most qualified to administer an intelligence test?

a professional trained in psychology

According to Galen, the ________ person is passionate, ambitious, and bold.'

choleric

Jules is participating in the Strange Situation experiment. When his mother returns, he freezes, and then behaves erratically. In fact, he runs away from his mother. What kind of attachment is this?

disorganized

Niaz's car breaks down, and he is convinced that it was a predictable event even though there was no way of knowing it would happen. This exemplifies ____________ .

hindsight bias

Sigmund Freud suggested that people who are dominated by their ________ might be narcissistic and impulsive.

id

A(n) ________ complex refers to the feeling that one lacks worth and doesn't measure up to the standards of others or of society.

inferiority

After age 65, most people are attempting to assess their lives and make sense of life and the meaning of their contributions. Within the psychosocial model of development, what is the primary developmental task of this stage?

integrity vs despair

jake is sympathetic and considerate of his friends' moods. He really identifies with their feelings and readily understands their point of view. He is well-known around campus, and he has great relationships with his classmates and professors. Which area of the multiple intelligence model does this exemplify?

interpersonal

what did the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart suggest about intelligence? The findings from this study ______.

revealed a genetic component to intelligence

students have expectations about how a professor should act and the sequence of events in class. what are these concepts called?

role schema; event schema

According to Abraham Maslow, the highest need is ________.

self-actualization

what was the most controversial conclusion made by Arthur Jensen with regard to Level 1 and Level II intelligence?

African Americans, as a group, had the lowest amount of Level II intelligence

Who suggested that men have womb envy because they cannot give birth?

Karen Horney

In Howard Gardner's Multiple Intelligence Theory, _______ intelligence and _______ intelligence are often combined into a single type: emotional intelligence

interpersonal; intrapersonal

which term refers to the vocab of a language, or the words contained within that language?

lexicon

what impact did Genie's early isolation have on her ability to acquire language? She never developed a(n) ______.

mastery of the grammatical aspects of langauge

emily is an adult with a 4th grade skill level in reading, writing, and math. Her doctor suggests she would be capable of holding a job and living independently. Which subtype of intellectual disability describes Emily?

mild

Age-specific approximations of when a certain skill or ability should first occur in normal development are called developmental ________.

milestones

a _________ is the smallest unit of language that conveys some type of meaning

morpheme

18-month-old Gordon learned the schema for apples. When Gordon sees tomatoes at the grocery store, he says, "Look mommy, apples!" His mother tells him that the food he sees at the store is a tomato, not an apple. He now has separate schemata for tomatoes and apples. This exemplifies ________.

accommodation

What was the main idea behind Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development?

an individual's personality develops throughout the lifespan

which of the following is a best example for fruit?

apple

_________ concepts are ones that we know by a specific set of characteristics

artificial

knowing what a rainbow looks like because you have seen a rainbow is an example of a(n) ______ concept.

natural

Johanna is almost always nasty to people. She talks about others behind their backs, looks for ways to undercut classmates, and intentionally does things to impede other's success. Virtually everyone she knows eventually grows to dislike her, often citing her nastiness as the reason why they don't want to be around her. According to Allport, this negativity seems to be a(n) ________ trait for Johanna.

cardinal

________ development involves learning, attention, memory, language, thinking, reasoning, and creativity.

cognitive

During Piaget's proposed ________ stage of development, children understand events and analogies logically, and they can perform simple mathematical operations. At the same time they lack the ability to think abstractly.

concrete operational

________ is a state of being in which our thoughts about our real and ideal selves are very similar.

congruence

Kai cuts her foot while hiking. She forgot to pack bandages, but she has a tube of superglue and uses that to seal the wound. Kai's ability to invent a solution uses the _______ intelligence component of the triarchic theory of intelligence

creative

The goal of hospice care is to provide

death with dignity and pain management in a human and comfortable setting

although her reading skills are just fine, Beatriz has difficulty with her writing. Her teachers have noticed that no matter how hard she tries and how much they work with her handwriting on her papers is almost illegible. Further, although she has great thoughts and understands concepts at a higher level, she is unable to put them into a cohesive written paper. Beatriz may suffer from ________.

dysgraphia

Jory, a six year old, is picking out a card for his mother's birthday. He picks the card with a picture of Lightning McQueen, reasoning that since he loves Cars his mother does to. What does this exemplify?

egocentrism

According to Freud's psychosexual theory of personality, the ________ stage involves a sexual reawakening as the incestuous urges resurface. The young person redirects these urges to other, more socially acceptable partners (who often resemble the other-sex parent).

genital

How can parents help their children achieve high congruence?

giving them unconditional positive regard

Adolescents (ages 12-18) experiment with and develop a sense of who they are and what roles they want to play. Erik Erikson would argue that during this period adolescents face the________ task of development.

identity vs confusion

During Jean Piaget's ________ stage, the world is experienced through senses- what we can take in through our perceptual system and actions- how we can move our bodies

sensorimotor

the practice of administering, scoring, and interpreting an assessment tool in the same manner is called________.

standardization

Emily is a doctoral student in psychology. She plans to use ________ to complete her doctoral paper, asking individuals to self-report important information about how their thoughts, experiences, and beliefs differ over a 10-year period.

surveys

What was responsible for the development of the indigenous model of studying the cultural context of personality?

the dominance of Western approaches to studying personality in non-Western cultures

Which theorist promoted the idea that development is fundamentally affected by one's culture as well as their interactions with their own environment?

vygotsky

Which of the following is not one of the reasons for the new lifespan development category called emerging adulthood?

younger average age for marriage

What is an advanced directive?

A legal document that provides specific specific interventions that a person wants.