exam 3-practice test

personality (wrong) social

A _____ psychologist would study the personal interactions between Mandy Harvey, a jazz signer who is completely deaf, and members of her band.

peripheral

A cell phone manufacturer uses a famous pop singer to advertise its product to teenagers. The company is relying on the _____ route to persuasion.

the foot-in-the-door compliance technique.

A magazine publisher asks you to commit to a brief trial subscription. Having committed to the trial subscription, you may be more likely to buy a year-long subscription. This exemplifies:

memory loss, difficulty planning and carrying out tasks, and visuospatial abnormalities.

A person diagnosed with stage 3 chronic traumatic encephalopathy may be experiencing:

stereotype

A professor infers that a tall African American male student is probably attending the college on a basketball scholarship. The professor's conclusion reflects a(n):

chucking

A'Ja has to remember a phone number for the next 3 minutes and she cannot write it down anywhere. What can she do to stretch her short-term memory longer than the 30 seconds that it typically lasts?

unstable

A(n) _____ attribution is when one believes that the cause of another's behavior is temporary.

expectancies

According to the social-cognitive perspective, _____ influence both behavior and the environment that is sought.

anterograde

After a severe bout of encephalitis, Clive Wearing could no longer develop new memories. Clive suffered from _____ amnesia.

Alzheimer's disease. (wrong)

Amir is a combat war veteran who has been having severe difficulties with depression and mood swings. He has now started to experience severe memory loss and language issues as well. His neurologist is looking at an fMRI scan of his brain and sees widespread damage across many regions of the brain including the medial temporal lobe, hypothalamus, and thalamus. Amir's neurologist is likely to diagnose Amir with:

working; long-term

As Rodolfo works on a complex multiplication problem in his head, the numbers he is manipulating are in his _____ memory, and the multiplication tables he is drawing upon are in his _____ memory.

deindividuation (wrong)

As a child Julius was a child soldier the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA) and engaged in violent acts. Children in the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA) had a loss of identity and personal responsibility. In other words, _____ occurred.

neuroticism; conscientiousness (wrong)

As people get older, they tend to score higher in _____ and lower in _____.

slow to warm up.

Baby Brannon is not especially irritable. However, he deals poorly with changes in his environment and with unfamiliar people. Brannon's temperament type is:

temperament; environmental (wrong)

Because the distinct pattern of emotional reaction and behavior called _____ is observed early on in infancy, it is thought to have a(n) ______ basis.

the self-serving bias. (wrong)

Before Rhonda left for college, she told her friend Michelle that she thought sororities were filled with snobs and she would never consider joining one. However, during Rhonda's first week on campus, she was approached by a sorority member who invited her to a social function and encouraged her to pledge. After Rhonda attended the party, she told Michelle, "Sororities do a lot of good things for the community. They're really service organizations." Rhonda's change in attitude to match her behavior reflects:

speed of forgetting. (wrong)

Both Magdalena and Carl saw a shooting occur on their street. Police and prosecutors do not want them to talk to each other before the trial due to the:

CTE usually shows symptoms at a younger age than Alzheimer's disease.

Both chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) and Alzheimer's disease are neurodegenerative diseases that cause problems with memory. How does CTE differ from Alzheimer's Disease?

elaborative (wrong)

Cassandra studied for her biology test. She had 8 hours before the test and she spent the entire 8 hours studying all in a row. She used _____ practice.

episodic memory (wrong)

Chad was finding it difficult to remember the name of the scientist who developed the general theory of relativity. Chad's professor told him that the scientist's name begins with the letter "A." Chad soon remembered and said that the name of the scientist is Albert Einstein. In this scenario, the letter "A" serves as:

Encoding, Storage, and Retrieval."

Choi has been asked to write a paper about the three general memory processes. An accurate and clear title to the paper could be: "The Three Memory Processes:

retrograde; anterograde

Clive Wearing cannot remember large segments of his life before his illness and this is called _____ amnesia. He also cannot form new memories, and this is called _____ amnesia.

episodic (wrong) explicit (wrong)

Clive Wearing could give the location of the hospital he had stayed in when his wife said the hospital's name even though he was oblivious to the connection between what he was saying and what his wife said. This illustrated that his _____ memory was still functional.

retrieval (wrong)

Clive Wearing, the man who had a brain infection and lost a significant portion of his memory system, could no longer retain new information for more than a few seconds of time. His _____ system, meant to preserve information for possible recollection in the future, was not working properly.

always persuasive. (wrong)

Fear-inducing messages are:

retrieval (wrong)

For Clive Wearing, much of the sensory information that his brain initially receives never goes to his memory system; instead it just slips away. This is a problem with his:

the door-in-the-face technique.

For her senior thesis, Dawn decided to conduct an experiment. After gaining IRB approval, she asked some subjects to agree to wear a cumbersome device while for a full day. Other subjects were asked to complete a short survey before being asked to wear the cumbersome device. The truth was that there wasn't a cumbersome device, but rather a willingness to agree to a large request. Since deception was used in Dawn's experiment, the debrief should describe:

"The brain preserves information exactly as it was encoded while phone data, like photos, can be edited." (wrong)

Gina's psychology professor has asked students to respond using an online discussion forum and explain how human memory is different from the memory in her phone. Gina writes:

contact comfort.

Harry Harlow and his colleagues completed a number of studies in which newborn macaque monkeys were raised with two artificial surrogate mothers. All of the cloth mothers were designed to give:

testosterone

High levels of _____ correlate with aggression.

explicit

Ida remembers wearing faded jeans yesterday. This is an example of a(n) _____ memory.

think that the server is a generally clumsy person.

Iliana saw her server trip and drop a glass, which caused a huge scene when it shattered on the floor. A fundamental attribution error will be for Iliana to:

ego (wrong) superego

In Freud's model of the mind, the _____ consists of a pool of primal psychic energy.

unconscious; preconscious

In Freud's view, the _____ mind contains material that is virtually impossible to retrieve, whereas the _____ mind contains material that is outside awareness, but that can be retrieved fairly easily.

retrograde; anterograde

In _____ amnesia, memory is lost for events preceding an injury or accident; in _____ amnesia, memory is lost for events following an injury or accident.

group polarization

In recent years political commentators have lamented that the political divide between "red states" and "blue states" has become a chasm. Technological advances such as the Web and social media have only exacerbated this trend. Social psychologists might point to the phenomenon of _____ when explaining these developments.

roles

In the Stanford Prison Study, participants were randomly assigned to be prisoners or guards in the experiment. The guards wore khaki prison uniforms, carried nightsticks, and wore sunglasses, while the prisoners wore prison garb with their prisoner numbers on the back. These costumes signified the participants' social:

scapegoat

In the context of discrimination, a(n) _____ is the target of negative emotions, beliefs, and behaviors.

seven, plus or minus two

In the context of the Digit Span Test, which expression best reflects the number of digits that can be retained in short-term memory at one time?

the personality characteristics were measured using an invalid assessment tool. (wrong)

In the new Deary study in Psychology and Aging, participants' personalities were rated by others at different times in their lives. One significant limitation of this study is that:

7, plus or minus 2

In the words of George Miller, the capacity of short-term memory is the "magical number _____."

the self-serving bias (wrong)

In which attribution error does an observer tend to think that people get what they deserve?

distributed practice.

Spacing study sessions over long periods of time with breaks in between is called:

door-in-the-face

The _____ technique is a compliance technique that involves making a large request, followed by a smaller request.

long-term; sensory (wrong)

The amygdala is connected to _____ memory formation whereas the hippocampus is connected to _____ memory formation.

reconstructionist model.

The idea that memory reflects a blend of fact and fiction is called the:

required subjects to look at lines on cards. (wrong)

The series of studies on obedience conducted by Stanley Milgram:

sociology

The study of cultures, societies, and subcultures of groups of people is known as:

exert less effort when working in groups than when working alone.

The term social loafing refers to the tendency for people to:

elaborative (wrong)

To memorize all of the colors of the rainbow, Monika uses the acronym ROY G BIV, which is a _____ device.

ethnocentrism

Viewing the world only from the perspective of one's own group is called:

believed Julius was part of the in-group. (wrong)

When Julius, the runner from Uganda, was living in the United States a man once approached him and said, "Is it true in Africa people still walk around naked?" Based on this statement, it seems fair to conclude that the man:

fixating; behavioral (wrong)

When Saifa's friends praise his cooking and how he takes care of others, they are _____ Saifa's continued behavior to do more of the same. This is consistent with the _____ approach.

the presence of amyloid plaques

Which sign is the most distinctive indicator of Alzheimer's disease?

Episodic and semantic memory are both components of explicit memory.

Which statement accurately captures the relationship among the types of long-term memory?

Material is forgotten at a relatively constant rate once it has been learned. (wrong)

Which statement describes the forgetting function that Ebbinghaus discovered?

external locus of control.

While interviewing for a job, Fabian reminds himself that whether or not he gets the job depends on whether luck is on his side. Fabian is showing a(n):

short-term memory (wrong)

Yesenia is talking to her friends late into the night, discussing some of the issues she learned about in her political science class the day before. She is using her _____ to discuss these issues.

Mnemonic

_____ devices are methods for improving memory.

Distributed; massed

_____ practice leads to better learning than does _____ practice.

stereotype threat.

Courtney is enrolled in an advanced physics class at her high school. She is one of only three female students in the class and she is aware of the notion that girls perform more poorly in math and science than boys. This knowledge may actually hinder Courtney's performance in the class as a result of:

psychoanalytic; humanistic (wrong)

Darcy is a cognitive neuroscience graduate student. While thinking about the direction of her research, she tries to decide which theoretical perspective on personality makes the most sense to her. If she emphasizes the importance of gene-environment interactions, then she will likely focus on the _____ perspective, but if she emphasizes the importance of how mental processes affect personality, then she will likely focus on _____.

role

DeWayne is a police officer. When he is off the job, he is known as an easygoing, fun-loving person who enjoys life. When he is on the job, he is very stern, serious, and no-nonsense. DeWayne's professional behavior is an example of a social:

internal (wrong)

Dennis assumed Alexa was late to their first date because she was stuck in traffic. Dennis made a(n) _____ attribution about Alexa.

a triangle made up of double-sided arrows showing behavior, cognition, and environment on the three corners

Diana is a clinical psychologist and she is working on a continuing education workshop for other clinicians. Her presentation is focused on the idea of reciprocal determinism. How could she visually represent this concept for her audience?

personality

Dr. Conway states that his research investigates the consistent, enduring characteristics that distinguish one person from another. Dr. Conway's research is likely in the area of:

She could use the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon to encourage participants to create new details of events that never happened. (wrong)

Dr. Diaz is a social psychologist and she is running a study on rich false memories. How might she encourage the development of these memories?

memory

Dr. Handy is mentoring a cognitive neuroscience graduate student who studies _____, which is how the brain collects, stores, and retrieves information for later use.

"Nurture determines Alzheimer's risk." (wrong)

Dr. Rogers is giving a talk at a conference on Alzheimer's disease. In her presentation, she needs to explain the influences of nature and nurture on Alzheimer's disease. Which of these would make sense?

trait (wrong)

Dr. Wu believes that all humans are essentially good. Dr. Wu's belief is consistent with the _____ perspective.

unconscious sexual problems.

Early in his neurological practice, Freud believed that many of his patients' unusual or unexplained symptoms were linked to:

retrograde interference; anterograde interference (wrong)

Edith has Alzheimer's disease and thus if doctors were to examine her brain they would find _____ within her neurons and _____ between her neurons.

chunking

Juan is trying to remember a 10-digit phone number that was just given to him. He will likely be more successful with this if he breaks the number up into manageable pieces, putting the first three numbers together, the second three numbers together, and then the last four together. This is called:

unstable introvert. (wrong)

Juliana's friends describe her as touchy and restless. She is impulsive and makes decisions without really thinking them through. She can also be aggressive when she feels under stress. According to Eysenck, Juliana is a(n):

spacing effect. (wrong)

Kit was getting anxious and nervous because he was considering asking out a person he liked. This anxiety and nervousness triggered a memory of the last time he asked someone out for a date. The memory came back easily due to:

"psychoanalysis ignores the current experience."

Luther is a counseling graduate student working on his conference presentation in which he argues that a certain theoretical perspective on personality is outdated because its concepts are difficult to test, and its theory was based on a biased, nonrepresentative sample. Luther could also include the following criticism:

between what a panel of experts predicted and what Milgram had predicted. (wrong)

Milgram's original obedience study demonstrated levels of obedience:

self-efficacy.

Mrs. Linley is a middle school math teacher. She provides constant, consistent feedback and encouragement on her students' math assignments. Mrs. Linley is trying to develop her students':

attitude

Nadine has consistent thoughts and feelings about a website used to enroll in health insurance. Nadine has a(n) _____ related to this website.

proactive

Nana is taking a Spanish final at the end of the spring semester. The problem is that the French vocabulary she learned the semester before keeps getting in the way, causing her to forget Spanish words. Nana is experiencing _____ interference.

ideal self; drive Navaeh toward perfection (wrong)

Navaeh wants everyone to like her and want to be her friend. She wants to be perfect in every way. According to Rogers, this _____ is likely to _____.

scaffolding (wrong)

Niyah was such a good-natured and happy baby. She was, according to Ericka, "the best baby ever." A child psychologist would refer to her _____ as easy.

intermediate; deep; shallow

Noticing that "fish" rhymes with "dish" is _____ processing, and understanding the meaning of the word "fish" is _____ processing. Noticing that the word "fish" has four letters is _____ processing.

the foot-in-the-door technique.

Once Julius' parents agreed to feed the 11 orphans, Julius asked them to shelter the children indefinitely. This is an example of:

proactive; retroactive

Owen has trouble remembering a friend's new phone number; he keeps recalling the old number instead. Completing a rental application, Pippa finds that she can't recall one of her previous addresses, as she's had several addresses since. Owen is experiencing _____ interference, while Pippa is experiencing _____ interference.

retrieval; retrograde amnesia (wrong)

Rana took Spanish in high school but decided to switch to Italian during her first year of college. Once she was in Italian she found that she had a hard time remembering her Spanish. Her _____ for Spanish was blocked due to _____.

psychoanalytic (wrong)

Saifa demonstrates his love by cooking and hosting. He learned this from his Nana (his grandmother) by watching her do the same thing. This part of his personality is consistent with the _____ perspective.

false consensus effect.

Shaun is angry at the way a coworker has treated him. Shaun feels justified in his anger because he believes that anybody would feel the same way if the same thing happened to them. This example reveals Shaun's susceptibility to the:

discrimination

Showing favoritism or hostility toward others based on their affiliation with a group is called:

deindividuation

Some people lose self-awareness and self-restraint during a large sporting event or mob action. This is known as:

hippocampus and prefrontal cortex

Some psychological research relates infantile amnesia to the immaturity of the _____ among very young children.