Exam 3 Prep

The School Breakfast Program (SBP) is required to provide ______ of the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) for the children being served.

1/4

"Preadolescent" boys fall into the age range of _____-_____ years old

10-12 years

What percent of adolescents have engaged in disordered eating behaviors a. 10-20% b. 80-90% c. 0-12% d. 50-75%

10-20%

What is the age range associated with adolescence for purposes of our class?

11-21 years old

Orlistat (Alli) is FDA approved for use in ____+ year olds

12+

How many hours of nutrition education do children/preadolescents receive per school year on average?

13

During BMI rebound, body fat % in males reaches ~_____%

14%

What percent of adult height is gained during puberty?

15-25%, up to 50%

Between ______of U.S. adolescents have metabolic syndrome a. 25-50% b. 2-9% c. 0.1-0.5% d. 0.1-1.5%

2-9%

How much height/length does the average child/toddler gain per year?

2.5 inches/year

Binge drinking is defined as consumption of _____ drinks on a given occasion.

5 or more drinks

"Children" fall into the age range of _____-_____ years old.

5-10 years

When does BMI rebound usually occur?

5-7 years

How much weight does the average child/toddler gain per year?

7 lbs/year

As of 2006, what percent of middle and junior high schools required daily Physical Education Classes?

7.9%

During stage 3 (comprehensive multidisciplinary intervention), how many weekly visits with the treatment team are recommended?

8-12

"Preadolescent" girls fall into the age range of ______-_____ years old.

9-11 years

Are calcium needs higher in children 4-8 years old or 9-13 years old?

9-13 years old.

One analysis of Saturday morning commercials (aired during the same time as cartoons for children) found that ____ % of food ads were for foods high in _______ and added ______.

91%, sodium, added sugars

A child/preadolescent is characterized as underweight if their BMI is (</>/≥/≤) the 5th percentile for their age.

<, 5th

A child/preadolescent is characterized as normal weight if their BMI is (</>/≥/≤) the 5th and (</>/≥/≤) the 85th percentile for their age.

> 5th and <85th

A child/preadolescent is characterized as overweight if their BMI is (</>/≥/≤) the 85th and (</>/≥/≤) the 95th percentile for their age.

>85th and <95th

A child/preadolescent is characterized as obese if their BMI is (</>/≥/≤) the 95th percentile for their age.

>95th

Adolescents with hypertension have blood pressure >_____ percentile for age.

>95th percentile for age

Define BMI rebound:

A normal increase in body mass index that occurs after BMI declines and reaches its lowest point at 4-6 years of life.

During which stage are parents and caregivers integral parts of prevention and treatment (even though they are not listed as part of the medical team on lecture slides)?

ALL STAGES

Give one reason from lecture why adequate vitamin D intake is important in adolescents.

Adequate vitamin D supports absorption of calcium, which is needed to support the large increase in skeletal mass that occurs during adolescence.

Give one example from lecture of a mealtime chore that would be appropriate for a normally-developing child/preadolescent to master:

Setting the table

The National School Lunch Program (NSLP) is required to provide ______ of the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) for the children being served.

1/3

What fraction of energy, protein, and carbohydrate in the adolescent diet is typically consumed as "away-from-home" foods?

1/3

Briefly define disordered eating.

"Engaging in disordered eating behaviors that are less severe or frequent than required for a formal eating disorder diagnosis"

Define competitive foods:

"foods 1) sold to children 2) in food service areas 3) during meal times 4) that compete with federal meal programs" must have all 4 aspects included in definition for credit

How many grams of protein per kg body weight per day is used to make calculations of protein needs for 14-18 year olds?

0.85 g/kg/day

How many g protein/kg body weight are needed in males and females ages 4-13 years? .95 g/kg

0.95 g/kg

___ in __ adolescents consumes ____ kcal/day from sugar-sweetened beverages.

1 in 8, 500 kcal/d

List two risk factors from lecture for overweight/obesity during adolescence.

1) At least one overweight or obese parent 2) Low socioeconomic status 3) African American, Hispanic, American Indian/Native race/ethnicity 4) Chronic or disabling condition that limits mobility 5) Inadequate physical activity 6) Diet high in total kcal, added sugar and fat

What are three elements of a child/preadolescent's home environment that may influence their intake or activity?

1) Availability of foods 2) what types of activities available or encouraged 3) family mealtime

Name 4 domains of predictors of overweight and obesity in adolescents.

1) Early BMI rebound 2) home environment 3) parental obesity 4) screen time

Briefly list three characteristic features of anorexia nervosa from lecture.

1) Failure to make expected weight gain during period of growth, leading to body weight less than minimally normal weight (children, adolescents) 2) Body image disturbance 3) Irrational fears of weight gain and obesity.

List 2 risk factors for hyperlipidemia in adolescents.

1) Family history 2) Cigarette smoking 3) Overweight 4) Hypertension 5) Diabetes 6) Low physical activity

List 3 risk factors for hypertension in adolescents.

1) Family history 2) High sodium intake 3) Overweight/obese 4) Hyperlipidemia 5) Inactive lifestyle 6) Tobacco use

Name two ways from lecture that parents can influence feeding and eating behavior in children & preadolescents.

1) Model healthy behavior 2)Provide food and opportunity for activity 3)Shape child's likes and dislikes by modeling their own eating behaviors, cultural food practices, and preferences

Name the 4 new standards of the NSLP and SBP put in place by the USDA in 2012.January 2012.

1) Offer fruit and vegetables each day of the week & substantially ↑ whole grains 2) Offer only fat-free or low-fat milk 3) Limit kcals based on age of children served, to ensure proper portion sizes 4)Increase focus on decreasing saturated fat, trans fat, and sodium

List two characteristics that are less likely to be present in adolescents who use vitamin/mineral supplements.

1) Overweight/obese BMI status 2) High total fat intake 3)High saturated fat intake 4) High cholesterol intake

What are three roles of other people that influence feeding and eating behavior of children and preadolescents?

1) Parents/family 2) peers 3) teachers/coaches

Name three ways from lecture that teachers and/or coaches can influence feeding and eating behavior in children and preadolescents.

1) Provide nutrition and physical activity education 2)Model healthy behavior 3) Sometimes provide intake, activity, weight advice

Briefly list 2 characteristic features of bulimia nervosa from lecture.

1) Repeated bouts of uncontrolled, rapid ingestion of large quantities of food (binge eating) followed by self-induced vomiting, laxatives, or diuretic use, fasting, or vigorous exercise in order to prevent wt. gain 2) Body image disturbance

List three common forms of disordered eating.

1) Vomiting 2) Fasting 3) Extremely restrictive eating 4)Binge eating 5) Compensatory physical activity to "burn off" energy consumed 6) Use of laxatives 7) Use of diuretics 8) Use of diet pills

Name four disordered eating behaviors from lecture often seen in adolescents who identify as vegetarian.

1) binge eating 2) frequent or chronic dieting 3)purging 4)laxative use

Name 3 consequences of early dieting:

1) contributes to the onset of obesity 2) can lead to nutritionally inadequate diets 3) is involved in the development of disordered eating

List the 4 actions of metformin discussed in class.

1) decreases hepatic glucose production 2) decreases intestinal glucose absorption 3) decreases fat cell formation 4) increases insulin sensitivity

The greatest overall snack calories came from what 2 types of "snack?"

1) desserts 2) sweetened beverages

Name 2 nutrients typically low in the diets of adolescents.

1) fruits and vegetables 2) whole grains 3) fiber 4) meat/meat alternatives 5)dairy 6) folate 7) vitamin A 8)vitamin B6 9)iron 10) zinc 11)magnesium 12)phosphorous 13)calcium 14) fiber

Name two aspects of parental obesity that could increase risk for overweight/obesity in adolescents.

1) genetic factors passed from parent to child 2) environmental factors under control of parents that affect children (including direct influences such as providing appropriate types/amounts of food or adequate opportunities for activity and indirect influences such as serving as a healthy role model for food intake and physical activity.)

Name three of the consequences of overweight and obesity that increase with BMI-for-age in adolescents.

1) high blood pressure, cholesterol, and CVD risk 2) impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes 3) breathing problems 4) joint problems 5) psychological problems such as anxiety and depression 6) low self-esteem, lower self-reported quality of life 7) social problems such as bullying and effects of stigma

Name 3 aspects of screen time that could increase risk for overweight/obesity in adolescents.

1) higher screen time could lead to lower energy expenditure by displacing physical activity 2) higher screen time could lead to higher kcal intake because eating that may not otherwise occur happens during viewing/playing, this could be related to food advertising 3) screen time could disrupt healthy sleep patterns and decrease amount of energy available for physical activity, may disrupt production of hormones involved in appetite and food intake regulation

Name two things from lecture that frequent snacking is associated with.

1) higher total energy intake 2) higher proportion of intake from added and total sugar

Name three environmental influences on feeding and eating behavior from lecture.

1) home 2) media 3) school

Name 4 considerations for nutrition status in adolescents who use illicit drugs.

1) illicit drugs can impact appetite (either increase or decrease) and metabolism 2) food choices can be impacted while using 3) drugs cost money which may otherwise be used to purchase costlier, healthier foods 4) may deplete thiamin, vitamin C, and iron.

What are 3 positive aspects or results of family mealtime?

1) it gives parents/caregivers a chance to model healthy behavior 2) it is associated with improved meal quality 3) more family meals are associated with lower chance of overweight 4) more family meals are associated with lower likelihood of eating unhealthy foods 5) more family meals are associated with lower likelihood of disordered eating 6) more family meals are associated with higher likelihood of eating healthy foods

Name 3 aspects of the home environment from lecture that could increase risk for overweight/obesity in adolescents.

1) maternal obesity 2) low family income 3) lower cognitive stimulation

Give 2 reasons why it is important to measure height and weight frequently in children and preadolescents.

1) measurements are error-prone 2)faster detection of deviation from child's individual pattern of growth

Briefly list 4 ways in which chronic conditions may put adolescents at increased risk for nutritional deficiencies.

1) nutritional risk increased if adolescent has condition that affects ability to consume, digest, or absorb nutrients 2) nutritional risk increased if adolescent has a biochemical imbalance caused by medications or internal metabolic disturbances 3) nutritional risk increased if adolescent has experienced psychological stress from a condition/procedure/food or eating related event that may affect appetite 4) nutritional risk increased if adolescent experiences environmental factors (often controlled by parents) that may influence food access and acceptance

List two characteristics that are more likely to be present in adolescents who use vitamin/mineral supplements.

1) nutritionally adequate diet 2) meet physical activity goals 3) consume more fruits + vegetables 4) <2 hrs per day screen time

Name two main influences on a child/preadolescent to begin dieting or restricting intake:

1) parents 2) body image

Foods are the preferred source of vitamins and minerals in children and preadolescents. However, sometimes supplementation is appropriate. Give two examples of reasons from lecture why supplementation might be considered for a child or preadolescent:

1) patient has anorexia nervosa or is following a fad diet 2) chronic disease 3)low income, parental neglect or abuse 4)participating in dietary obesity management program 5)vegetarian diet 6)failure to thrive

Briefly list 2 characteristic features of binge eating disorder from lecture.

1) periodic binge eating, not normally followed by compensatory behaviors 2) feeling of lack of control and distress regarding binge eating

List the names of the four stages of the recommended comprehensive staged approach to pediatric obesity prevention and treatment.

1) prevention plus 2) structured weight management 3) comprehensive multidisciplinary treatment 4) tertiary care

What are two nutrients that might be of concern in a child or preadolescent following a vegetarian diet?

1) protein 2) essential fatty acids 3) calcium 4) zinc 5) vit B12, 6 vit C

Name 4 changes that occur during puberty that can influence nutrition and physical activity.

1) sexual maturation 2) increases in height and weight 3)accumulation of skeletal mass 4) changes in body composition.

Name two ways from lecture that peers can influence feeding and eating behavior in children and preadolescents.

1) shaping attitudes about food and food choices 2) noticing differences in body shape and size

Name 5 behaviors discussed during lecture that are commonly seen during adolescence and can impact diet and physical activity status.

1) snacking 2) meal-skipping 3) away-from-home foods 4)vegetarian diets 5)substance use

List two environmental factors that have been implicated for their potential role in increasing risk for eating disorders.

1) social norms emphasizing thinness 2) Being teased about one's weight 3) Familial relations (chaotic lifestyle, lack of boundaries, poor communication 4) Physical and sexual abuse 5) Personal body shape and size 6) Body image 7) Self-esteem 8) Genetic components

What are the three main sources of away-from-home foods in adolescents?

1) stores 2) school food 3) fast food restaurants

Packaged "snack" foods are often high in what 3 nutrients?

1) sugar 2)saturated fat 3)sodium

Give three sources of vitamin D from lecture for children and preadolescents.

1) sunlight, 2) vitamin-d fortified foods (if asked this question you would need to give an example like cereal or milk), supplementation if intake is inadequate.

Give one reason from lecture why adequate iron intake is important during adolescence.

1) there is a rapid increase in blood volume during adolescence and iron is needed to form red blood cells 2) iron is needed to support the large amount of linear growth seen during adolescence 3) adequate iron intake is necessary to avoid depletion of stores that may occur with the onset of menarche during adolescence.

Name 2 nutrients typically consumed in high amounts or in amounts exceeding recommendations in adolescents.

1) total and saturated fat 2) cholesterol 3) sodium 4) added sugar

Name 3 external factors that could override a child or preadolescent's innate ability to control intake based on physiological need.

1)Child-feeding practices 2)Time of day 3)Presence of other people 4) Availability of food 5) Parental control

What measure is used to characterize adolescents as underweight, normal weight, overweight, or obese?

BMI-for-age

What is considered an "early" age for BMI rebound to occur? Before 5.5 years old

Before 5.5 years old

_______ ________ & ______ ______ often occur alongside the normal ↑ in body fat % seen during BMI rebound.

Body dissatisfaction, intake restriction

Give one reason from lecture why calcium is important in the diets of children and preadolescents.

Bone formation

Which growth charts should you use to assess height-for-age, weight-for-age and BMI-for-age in children and preadolescents? CDC/WHO/ADA/AND/ACSM

CDC

What is the appropriate growth chart to use to assess height-for-age, weight-for-age and BMI-for-age in adolescents?

CDC growth charts

Give one reason from lecture why vitamin D is important in children and preadolescents.

Calcium absorption

True/False: Adolescents who engage in dieting behavior are less likely than their peers to be overweight a decade later.

False

True/False: Almost 80% of adolescents report currently following a vegetarian diet.

False

True/False: Breakfast is skipped much more often than lunch in adolescents.

False

True/False: Despite speculation that there is great variation between individuals, research shows that the development of eating disorders is quite similar from one patient to another.

False

True/False: Fast food restaurants contribute the vast majority of energy from away-from-home foods in the adolescent diet.

False

True/False: In both females and males, body fat percentage increases during puberty.

False

True/False: Individuals diagnosed with bulimia nervosa usually maintain a very low body weight

False

True/False: Medication is increasingly common as a first line of therapy in treatment of pediatric obesity

False

True/False: Metformin is used off label for treatment of 7+ year olds

False

True/False: Prevalence of overweight/obesity has nearly quadrupled in the past two decades

False

True/False: a much higher percentage of male vs. female adolescents report having more than 3 snacks per day.

False

True/False: bariatric surgery is increasingly common as a first line of therapy in treatment of pediatric obesity

False

True/False: children are more likely to choose a food they have seen advertised, but only usually if it is "junk food."

False

True/False: disordered eating is most often detected in overweight teens.

False

True/False: it is not often necessary to involve parents in any of the recommended stages of pediatric obesity prevention.

False

True/False: the 4 stages of the staged approach to pediatric obesity prevention were created to be equal in level of treatment intensity and engagement.

False

True/False: the exact cause for the recent rapid increase in overweight/obesity in adolescents has been determined.

False

True/False: there is relatively little variation between individuals in terms of chronological events of puberty.

False

True/false: Children whose parents over-control their food intake are less likely to become overweight.

False

True/false: in children and preadolescents, males have a higher kcal/kg energy need than females because they are larger.

False

True/False: The majority of adolescents report using a vitamin/mineral supplement. 28% of adolescents report using

False, 28% of adolescents report using

True/False: 75% of adolescents report alcohol use.

False, 35% self-report, not 75%

True/False: 25% of adolescents self-report smoking.

False, 9% self- report, not 25%

True/False: Individuals with bulimia nervosa are either overweight or underweight, not within normal weight range.

False, May be overweight, underweight, or within normal range

True/False: Environmental factors such as maternal control and preoccupation with weight are much less important than genetic factors when predicting if a patient will develop an eating disorder.

False, development of an eating disorder is thought to be due to complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors (some which may still be unknown), and we do not know what is the most important type of contributor for any individual. Additionally, it is not a common practice to predict whether individual patients will develop conditions or disorders.

True/False: The increase in body fat seen during BMI rebound in females happens later than it does in males, but it is a greater increase.

False, females: increase in body fat is earlier and greater

True/False: Over the course of adolescence, influences on eating shift from inside influences (self-motivation) to outside influences (peers and family). Other way around

False, other way around

True/False: a diet that provides 4% energy as fat would be seen as appropriate for a healthy, normal weight adolescent.

False, recommended amount is 25-35% of total energy from fat

True/False: Available data indicates that prevalence of type 2 diabetes in U.S. adolescents has tripled over the past 2 decades. False-Nationally representative data on T2DM not available

False-Nationally representative data on T2DM not available

True/False: Interventions for diet and physical activity in young adolescents should include concepts involving future consequences of current behavior because abstract thought is developed by this time.

False-abstract thought is developed by the END of adolescence. In young adolescents it would be better to focus on immediate consequences such as having adequate energy for activity, and feeling good while being active because capacity for abstract thought

True/False: Although bariatric surgery is performed in adolescents, the long-term success rate is very low and this treatment is only recommended in the most dire circumstances. False-long term success is not established.

False-long term success is not established.

True/False: the 4 stages of the comprehensive staged approach to pediatric obesity prevention and treatment can be seen as separate and unrelated, so that treatment of any individual should begin at any stage without having completed the previous stages first.

False-the stages are seen as additive and build on each other.

True/False: Adolescents who identify as vegetarian are taller, leaner, and enter puberty later than their omnivorous peers.

False-vegetarian diet associated with being shorter, being leaner, entering puberty later

Over the past few decades, overweight and obesity in children and preadolescents have (increased/decreased/stayed the same), but in more recent years rates have (increased/decreased/stayed the same)

Increased, stayed the same

Give one example from lecture of a food preparation skill that would be appropriate for a normally-developing child/preadolescent to master.

Making sandwiches

During Stage 2 (structured weight management), how often is it recommended that a patient visit providers?

Monthly visits

Is the number of hours listed above seen as an adequate amount of time to result in behavior change?

No

Put the following terms into chronological order to conceptualize possible consequences of dieting: binge eating, binge-purge cycle, cravings, restriction.

Restriction > cravings > binge eating > binge-purge cycle

What are the two major types of influences that determine feeding and eating behavior in children and preadolescents?

Social and environmental

What or who is the most important type of influence on eating behaviors during the child/adolescent phase?

Social influence: People

During which stage is a child's primary healthcare provider the sole professional responsible for identifying and treating target behaviors related to diet and activity?

Stage 1

During which stage is it recommended that a registered dietitian and counselor join the treatment team?

Stage 2 structured weight management

During which stage does the intervention team expand to include a registered dietitian, counselor, exercise specialist, and the primary care provider?

Stage 3

During which stage would bariatric surgery or medication be considered for treatment of overweight/obesity? Stage 4

Stage 4

Why might type 2 diabetes be difficult to detect, especially in adolescents?

There are very few symptoms of type 2 diabetes

Give one reason from lecture why it is important for adolescents to consume adequate calcium.

There is a large increase in skeletal mass during adolescence and it is important to have adequate calcium to support that.

1. True/False: Vending machines can reinforce healthy eating

True

True/False: 90% of people (adolescents & adults) with eating disorders are female

True

True/False: Adolescents who engage in dieting behavior are at increased risk for developing an eating disorder.

True

True/False: Breakfast and lunch are skipped more often than dinner in adolescents.

True

True/False: In adolescent females, dieting behavior increases with age, and in adolescent males, dieting behavior decreases with age.

True

True/False: individuals with bulimia nervosa may show extreme fluctuations in weight.

True

True/False: individuals with bulimia nervosa may show weight maintenance or extreme fluctuations in weight

True

True/false: Bulimia nervosa is a more common diagnosis than anorexia nervosa, occurring in 1-3% of adolescent females and young women.

True

True/false: a mother who is very preoccupied with her own weight and is worried about her daughter becoming overweight is more likely to impose more restriction on her daughter's intake than a mother who is not.

True

___________ adolescents has elevated cholesterol a. 1 in 4 b. 1 in 12 c. 1 in 20 d. 1 in 100

a. 1 in 4

Binge eating disorder is estimated to be present in _____ of the general population, and ______ of people currently dieting. a. 2%; 30% b. 50%; 80% c. 60%; 60% d. 15%; 25%

a. 2%, 30%

Are snacks necessary for children and preadolescents? Yes/no Why or why not?

Yes, snacks are needed because children cannot consume large amounts of food at a time and need to snack for adequate energy

Individuals who experience bingeing before dieting usually have onset at ____, are more likely to have experienced ____________________and show behavior ___________________ a. 20 years of age; stressful situation; consistent with an emotional eating response b. 15 years of age; stressful situation; consistent with an emotional eating response c. 20 years of age; stressful situation; consistent with effort to regain a sense of control d. 25 years of age; physical or sexual abuse; consistent with effort to regain a sense of control

a. 20 years of age; stressful situation; consistent with an emotional eating response

Ideally, group and individual treatment programs for eating disorders should: a. Address contributing factors and be tailored to a particular disorder and severity b. Address contributing factors and be tailored to include fresh, local produce c. Avoid confrontation especially when the parents are to blame d. Avoid focusing on the cause or contributing factors and cover a wide range of disorders at different levels of severity

a. Address contributing factors and be tailored to a particular disorder and severity

In order to be considered for bariatric surgery, adolescents need a. BMI of >35 with major medical complications or BMI of >40 with minor comorbidities b. BMI of >25 with minor comorbidities OR BMI >35 with minor comorbidities c. BMI of >40, regardless of comorbidities d. BMI of >45, regardless of comorbidities

a. BMI of >35 with major medical complications or BMI of >40 with minor comorbidities

During stage 2, it is recommended that screen time: a. Be reduced to <1 hour per day b. Be kept <2 hours per day c. Be unlimited due to the child having added stressors and need for relaxation time d. Be unlimited because it is unsafe to engage in additional physical activity by this stage

a. Be reduced to <1 hour per day

The recent rapid increase in overweight/obesity in adolescents is thought to be due to: a. Environmental factors and/or a combination of environmental and genetic factors b. Environmental factors only c. Genetic factors only d. Only a combination of environmental and genetic factors

a. Environmental factors and/or a combination of environmental and genetic factors

Which of the following is not necessarily found in patients with bulimia nervosa? a. Failure to gain weight as expected b. Repeated bouts of binge eating c. Compensatory behavior following binges d. Body image disturbance

a. Failure to gain weight as expected

Which of the following is not necessarily found in adolescent patients with anorexia nervosa? a. Calorie counting b. Body image disturbance c. Irrational fears of weight gain and obesity d. Failure to make expected weight gain during a period of growth

a. calorie counting

Early BMI rebound is associated with a. Higher BMI b. Increased risk of depression and anxiety c. Greater maternal preoccupation with weight d. More screen time

a. higher BMI

Adolescents consume on average how many kcal from sugar-sweetened beverages per day? a. 25 b. 286 c. 1000 d. 0

b. 286

______ overweight adolescents will remain overweight into adulthood a. Very few b. 90% c. 50% d. 0-15%

b. 90%

To determine whether an adolescent is underweight, normal weight, overweight, or obese, we should interpret: a. Weight for age b. BMI for age c. Weight for height d. Stature for weight

b. BMI for age

In adolescents, risk factors for chronic disease increase with: a. BMI b. BMI-for-age c. Body weight d. Energy intake

b. BMI-for-age

The most effective eating disorder prevention strategies focus on a. Losing weight quickly and avoiding obesity b. Changing weight-related attitudes and promoting healthy weight-control strategies c. Changing weight-related attitudes and ignoring risks associated with body weight well below or well above a recommended range d. Maintaining appropriate body fat percentage so body dissatisfaction does not occur, and promoting healthy, evidence-based weight control strategies

b. Changing weight-related attitudes and promoting healthy weight-control strategies

Which of the following is NOT an action of metformin discussed in class? a. Decreases hepatic glucose production b. Decreases appetite and food intake c. Decreases intestinal glucose absorption d. Increases insulin sensitivity

b. Decreases appetite and food intake

Anorexia nervosa is the _________________ eating disorder, diagnosed in of adolescent girls and young women. a. Most commonly diagnosed; 0.2% - 1.0% b. Least commonly diagnosed; 0.2% - 1.0% c. most commonly diagnosed, 10%-15% d. least commonly diagnosed, 10%-15%

b. Least commonly diagnosed; 0.2% - 1.0%

A child or preadolescent with height (below/at/above) the 5th percentile for age is characterized as having "short stature."

below, 5th

In 2011-2012, what percent of 6-11 year olds in the United States were considered overweight or obese? a. 2.7% b. 64.8% c. 17.7% d. 50.8%

c. 17.7%

What percent of skeletal mass is formed by age 18?

c. 90%

Which two of the following is not necessarily found in patients with binge eating disorder? a. Periodic binge eating b. Feeling of lack of control c. Body Mass Index greater than 30 kg/m2 d. Distress regarding binge eating

c. Body Mass Index greater than 30 kg/m2

Which of the following should you use to determine whether a child/preadolescent is underweight, normal weight, overweight or obese? a. CDC weight-for-age growth chart b. CDC stature-for-weight growth chart c. CDC BMI-for-age growth chart d. CDC height-for-weight growth chart

c. CDC BMI-for-age growth chart

Which aspect of anorexia nervosa differentiates it from other eating disorders? a. Irrational fears of weight gain and obesity b. Extremely restricted intake c. Refusal/inability to maintain body weight or gain weight as expected d. More common in females than males

c. Refusal/inability to maintain body weight or gain weight as expected

Although it is never the same for any individual, the beginnings of disordered eating behaviors are often seen during (childhood and preadolescence/adolescence/adulthood)

childhood and preadolsecence

Define advercation

combination of marketing and education designed to increase desire for a particular product

What percent of adolescents self-report binge drinking on at least one day I the past month? a. 1% b. 10% c. 52% d. 21%

d. 21%

Individuals who experience dieting before bingeing usually have onset at _____, are more likely to have experienced _____________________ and show behavior ________________________. a. 20 years of age; stressful situation; consistent with an emotional eating response b. 15 years of age; stressful situation; consistent with an emotional eating response c. 20 years of age; stressful situation; consistent with effort to regain a sense of control d. 25 years of age; physical or sexual abuse; consistent with effort to regain a sense of control

d. 25 years of age; physical or sexual abuse; consistent with effort to regain a sense of control

GI side effects commonly experienced as a result of Orlistat use can be reduced by a. Adherence to a gluten-free diet b. Maintenance of a very low calorie diet c. Coconut oil and other MCT's d. Adherence to a low-fat diet

d. Adherence to a low-fat diet

The 4 parts of the continuum between body dissatisfaction and eating disorders, in order, are: a. Dieting behavior > disordered eating > clinically significant eating disorder > body dissatisfaction b. Body dissatisfaction > substance use > disordered eating > clinically significant eating disorder c. Low body weight > clinically significant eating disorder > dieting behavior > substance use d. Body dissatisfaction > dieting behavior > disordered eating > clinically significant eating disorder

d. Body dissatisfaction > dieting behavior > disordered eating > clinically significant eating disorder

1. Which of the following would be deemed a "competitive food"? a. Slices of pizza sold to children on the cafeteria lunch line as part of national school lunch program b. Sodas sold from a vending machine in the cafeteria from a machine that is turned off during meal times c. Ding-Dongs and Ho-Ho's sold from a vending machine in the teacher's lounge that is on at all times d. Sodas sold from a vending machine in the cafeteria that is on during meal times e. Sodas sold from a vending machine in the hallway 300 yards away from the cafeteria that is only on between classes

d. Sodas sold from a vending machine in the cafeteria that is on during meal times

Vitamin supplementation is often recommended in patients taking Orlistat (Alli) due to (increased/decreased) absorption of ____-________ vitamins.

decreased, fat-soluble vitamins

In males, body fat (increases/decreases) to ~____% during puberty.

decreases to ~12%

BMI typically (decreases/stays the same/increases) between ages ____-____.

decreases, 4-6 years

Parents with difficulty regulating own intake seemed to impose (more/less) control over their children's eating.

difficulty regulating own intake, more

Food restriction promotes the concept of _______ ______, and children feeling badly about eating them.

forbidden foods

A (greater/lower) percentage of adolescent females vs. males report having engaged in dieting behavior

greater,

Packaged "snack" foods are often (high/low) in energy per serving.

high

Adolescents following a vegetarian diet often have (higher/lower) intake of fruits and vegetables than their omnivorous peers.

higher

The greatest (increase/decrease) has been in what 2 types of "snack?"

increase, 1) salty snacks 2) candy

Over the past 30 years, "snack" intake has (decreased/stayed the same/increased) in the United States.

increased

Higher calcium needs in 9-13 year olds vs. 4-8 year olds reflect....

increased bone formation during puberty.

Occurrence of meal skipping (increases/decreases) with age.

increases

Persistence of overweight/obesity into adulthood (increases/decreases) with age

increases

In females, body fat (increases/decreases) from ____% to ____% during puberty.

increases, from 16% to 26%

Early dieting is similar to.....

learning to ignore one's internal hunger and satiety cues.

1. Adolescents following a vegetarian diet often have intakes (higher/lower) in total fat, saturated fat, sweets, salty snack foods than their omnivorous peers.

lower

Is growth velocity lower/the same/higher during childhood and preadolescence compared to adolescence?

lower

Is growth velocity lower/the same/higher during childhood and preadolescence compared to infancy?

lower

Three hallmarks of physical development during childhood and preadolescence are increased ___________ _________, increased _______ ________________, and ________ __________. Because of this development, children and preadolescents become able to perform more _________ ________ __________, including _______ and sports like __________.

muscle strength, motor coordination, and stamina, complex pattern movements, dance, gymnastics

Define advergames:

online games featuring company's product or brand character designed to increase desire for a particular product

When parents (over/under)-control the intake of their children, children often become (less/better) able to regulate their own (intake/physical activity/mood/weight)

over, less, intake

Orlistat inhibits ______ _______ to cause fat malabsorption.

pancreatic lipase

Children and preadolescents maintain an innate ability to control intake based on...

physiological need.

What is the goal of federally-funded school food programs?

provide nutritious meals to all children"

Define pouring rights:

schools receive % of profits if they only serve products from one company

If a child's diet contains 45% total kcal from fat, is this too little/too much/just right?

too much

Adolescents who smoke cigarettes may have a higher need for _________ __ than adolescents who do not smoke.

vitamin C

Increased maternal preoccupation with (weight/food/physical activity) and risk of their daughter becoming overweight is associated with (decreased/no difference in/increased) restriction on their daughter's eating

weight, increased

In males, BMI reaches a low of ~____% between ages ___-___.

~13%, 4-6

In females, BMI reaches a low of ~_____% between ages ___-___.

~16 %, 4-6

During BMI rebound, body fat % in females reaches ~____%.

~19%,

Adolescents characterized as "overweight" have BMI-for-age.

≥ 85th and <95th percentile

Adolescents characterized as "obese" have BMI-for-age.

≥ 95th percentile

The Summer Food Service Program can be offered in areas where.....

≥50% of children are from families below 185% federal poverty level

Adolescents with prehypertension have blood pressure _____ but ____ percentile for age.

≥90th but <95th percentile for age