Exam 3
Which of the following numbered events represents the correct sequence of events of prokaryotic translation initiation? 1) large ribosomal subunit binds to initiation complex 2) initiation tRNA binds small ribosomal subunit 3) initiation complex binds to ribosome recognition sequence on mRNA
2) initiation tRNA binds small ribosomal subunit 3) initiation complex binds to ribosome recognition sequence on mRNA 1) large ribosomal subunit binds to initiation complex 2-3-1
Which of the following nucleotide sequences represents the complement to the DNA strand 5 AGATCCG- 3? a. 5 AGATCCG- 3 b. 3 AGATCCG- 5 c. 5 CTCGAAT- 3 d. 3 CTCGAAT- 5 e. 3 TCTAGGC- 5
3 TCTAGGC- 5..
One of the mRNA codons specifying the amino acid leucine is 5 ́-CUA-3 ́. Its corresponding anticodon is: A. 5 ́-GAT-3 ́. B. 3 ́-AUC-5 ́. C. 3 ́-GAU-5 ́. D. 3 ́-GAT-5 ́. E. 5 ́-GAU-3 ́
3 ́-GAU-5
one of the mRNA codons specifying the amino acid leucine is 5 ́-CUA-3 ́. Its corresponding anticodon is: a. 5 ́-GAT-3 ́. b. 3 ́-AUC-5 ́. c. 3 ́-GAU-5 ́. d. 3 ́-GAT-5 ́. e. 5 ́-GAU-3 ́
3 ́-GAU-5 ́
Which of the following numbered terms represents the correct order of sequences in a prokaryotic mRNA molecule as it was synthesized? 1) 3 ́ trailing sequences 2) coding sequences 3) leader sequences 4) termination si
3) leader sequences 2) coding sequences 4) termination signals 1) 3 ́ trailing sequences 3-2-4-1 leader, coding , termination ,3' trailing
The total number of different three-base combinations of the four nucleic acid bases is: A. 12. B. 16. C. 20. D. 64. E. 256.
64
Which of the following best describes semiconservative replication? A. The translation of a DNA molecule into a complementary strand of RNA. B. A DNA molecule consists of one parental strand and one new strand. C. The number of DNA molecules is doubled with every other replication. D. The replication of DNA never takes place with 100% accuracy. E. The replication of DNA takes place at a defined period in the cell cycle.
A DNA molecule consists of one parental strand and one new strand.
Which of the following bits of information can be inferred from the ratio of different-colored fluorescent dyes in a microarray? A. identification of disease-causing proteins B. comparison of drug activity C. identification of disease-causing genes D. patterns of gene expression E. All of these.
A. identification of disease-causing proteins B. comparison of drug activity C. identification of disease-causing genes D. patterns of gene expression E. All of these
A cell may meet the need for large quantities of a specific protein by: A. increasing the half-life of the mRNA that specifies the protein. B. having multiple copies of the gene that codes for that protein. C. continuously synthesizing the mRNA molecule that specifies that protein. D. All of these. E. None of these
A. increasing the half-life of the mRNA that specifies the protein. B. having multiple copies of the gene that codes for that protein. C. continuously synthesizing the mRNA molecule that specifies that protein. D. All of these <-----
The tRNA: A. must be recognized by ribosomes. B. must have an anticodon. C. must have an attachment site for the amino acid. D. must be recognized by a specific aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase that adds the correct amino acid. E. All of these.
A. must be recognized by ribosomes. B. must have an anticodon. C. must have an attachment site for the amino acid. D. must be recognized by a specific aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase that adds the correct amino acid. E. All of these.
Which of the following types of processing does eukaryotic mRNA undergo before it becomes functional? A. polyadenylation B. capping C. splicing D. removal of introns E. All of these.
A. polyadenylation B. capping C. splicing D. removal of introns E. All of these.
Cancer cells differ from noncancerous cells in that: A. they have elevated levels of telomerase. B. they are virtually immortal. C. they have the ability to resist apoptosis. D. they can maintain telomere length as they divide. E. All of these.
A. they have elevated levels of telomerase. B. they are virtually immortal. C. they have the ability to resist apoptosis. D. they can maintain telomere length as they divide. All of these
Regulation of gene expression can be accomplished by controlling: A.the rate of translation of mRNA. B.the activity of a protein product. C.the amount of mRNA that is available. D.the rate of mRNA degradation. E.All of these.
A.the rate of translation of mRNA. B.the activity of a protein product. C.the amount of mRNA that is available. D.the rate of mRNA degradation. E.All of these
The first experimenters to use Griffith's transformation assay to identify the genetic material were: A. Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty. B. Hershey and Chase. C. Meselson and Stahl. D. Franklin and Wilkins. E. Watson and Crick.
Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty
57. Where is the amino-acid binding site located on the tRNA molecule? A. in the middle of the loop B. at the end of the 3 ́ end of the molecule C. in the first loop D. along the longest stretch of base pairing in the molecule E. on the 5 ́ end of the molecule
B. at the end of the 3 ́ end of the molecule
Why does DNA synthesis only proceed in the 5 ́ to 3 ́ direction? A. Because DNA polymerases can only add nucleotides to the 3 ́ end of a polynucleotide strand. B. Because the 3 ́ end of the polynucleotide molecule is more electronegative than the 5 ́ end. C. Because that is the direction in which the two strands of DNA unzip. D. Because that is the only direction that the polymerase can be oriented. E. Because the chromosomes are always aligned in the 5 ́ to 3 ́ direction in the nucleus.
Because DNA polymerases can only add nucleotides to the 3 ́ end of a polynucleotide strand
Why is only one strand of DNA transcribed into mRNA? A. Because mRNA is only required in small quantities. B. Because transcribing both DNA strands would produce different amino acid sequences. C. Because the other strand would produce the same amino acid sequence in reverse order. D. Because all genes are located on the same DNA strand, while the other strand acts as protection. E. Because the other strand is transcribed directly into amino acids.
Because transcribing both DNA strands would produce different amino acid sequences
Which of the following cause the unwinding of the DNA double helix? A. DNA polymerase B. DNA helicase C. RNA primer D. primosome E. RNA polymerase
DNA helicase
Which of the following statements about DNA is false? A. DNA is double-stranded rather than single-stranded. B. DNA contains the sugar deoxyribose. C. DNA contains thymine instead of uracil. D. DNA is only found in eukaryotic cells. E. DNA is capable of forming many different sequences.
DNA is only found in eukaryotic cells.
Okazaki fragments are joined together by: A. RNA polymerase. B. DNA ligase. C. DNA polymerase. D. RNA ligase. E. primase.
DNA ligase
17. Which of the following adds new nucleotides to a growing DNA chain? A. DNA polymerase B. DNA helicase C. RNA primer D. primase E. RNA polymerase
DNA polymerase
The chain termination method is used in: A. Southern blotting. B. DNA ligation. C. gel electrophoresis. D. polymerase chain reaction. E. DNA sequencing
DNA sequencing
The bacteriophages used in Alfred Hershey's and Martha Chase's experiments showed that: A.proteins were responsible for the production of new viruses within the bacteria. B.DNA and protein were injected into bacteria. C.DNA was injected into bacteria. D.proteins were injected into bacteria. E.DNA remained on the outer coat of bacteria.
DNA was injected into bacteria.
3. ______________________ used x-ray diffraction to provide images of DNA. A. Watson and Crick B. Crick and Wilkins C. Franklin D. Franklin and Crick E. Watson and Wilkins
Franklin
Which of the following statements concerning nucleotide excision repair is FALSE? A. It is a type of mismatch repair. B. It involves a nuclease. C. It involves a DNA polymerase. D. It involves DNA ligase. E. It is implicated in xeroderma pigmentosum.
It is a type of mismatch repair
Why is DNA able to store large amounts of information? A. It contains a large number of different nucleotides. B. Its nucleotides can be arranged in a large number of possible sequences. C. It is capable of assuming a wide variety of shapes. D. The sugar and phosphates can be arranged in many different sequences. E. The nucleotides can be altered to form many different letters in the sequence.
Its nucleotides can be arranged in a large number of possible sequences
11. Who first confirmed that the replication of DNA was semiconservative? A. Chargaff and Hershey B. Watson and Crick C. Avery and Griffith D. Meselson and Stahl E. Watson, Crick, and Wilkins
Meselson and Stahl
Proteins synthesized in E. coli have which of the following at their amino terminal end? A. N-formyl-methionine B. N-acetyl-adenine C. adenine triphosphate D. the AUG codon E. the UUU codon
N-acetyl-adenine
All RNA except for _______ is made from DNA. A. tRNA B. mRNA C. rRNA D. snRNA E. None of these
None of these
The structures represented by the letter E are called: A. leading fragments B. Okazaki fragments. C. replication forks. D. nucleosomes. E. DNA polymerases.
Okazaki fragments
The enzyme peptidyl transferase, which catalyzes the transfer of the polypeptide chain attached to the tRNA in the _________ ___ site to the aminoacyl-tRNA in the ____________ site, is thought to be a(n) ____________ molecule and not a protein. A. A; P; rDNA B. P; A; tRNA C. A; P; mRNA D. P; A; rRNA E. P; A; sugar
P; A; rRNA
RNA differs from DNA in all the following except: A. RNA contains uracil and DNA contains thymine. B. RNA is single stranded and DNA is double stranded. C. RNA contains ribose and DNA contains deoxyribose. D. RNA is a larger molecule than DNA. E. None of the above.
RNA is a larger molecule than DNA.
____________, the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes, shorten with every cell replication event. A. Centromeres B. Telomeres C. Kinetochores D. Primosomes E. Nucleosomes
Telomeres
How is the 4-letter language of nucleic acids converted into the 20-word language of amino acids? A. The 4 nucleic acid bases combine in 2-letter combinations that define different amino acids. B. The 4 nucleic acid bases combine in 3-letter sequences that define different amino acids. C. Triplets of the 2-letter nucleic acid bases are translated into the 20 different amino acids. D. The 4 bases each specify 1 amino acid, which give rise to the remaining 16 amino acids. E. The 4 bases are first converted into tRNA molecules, which can each attach to 5 amino acids.
The 4 nucleic acid bases combine in 3-letter sequences that define different amino acids
How is the chromosome of a bacterial cell replicated? A. The linear DNA molecule is replicated from multiple origins of replication bidirectionally. B. The linear DNA molecule is replicated from one origin of replication bidirectionally. C. The circular DNA molecule is replicat ed from multiple origins of replication bidirectionally. D. The circular DNA molecule is replic ated from one origin of replication bidirectionally. E. The circular DNA molecule is replicated from one origin of replication unidirectionally.
The circular DNA molecule is replic ated from one origin of replication bidirectionally
How does the first nucleotide at the 5 ́ end of a new mRNA chain differ from the other nucleotides in the chain? A. The first nucleotide is always a uracil. B. The first nucleotide is always a cytosine. C. The first nucleotide retains its triphosphate group, while the others do not. D. The first nucleotide does not retain it s triphosphate group, while the others in the chain do. E. The first nucleotide is always a modified cytosine.
The first nucleotide retains its triphosphate group, while the others do not.
How are the chromosomes of a eukaryote cell replicated? A. The linear DNA molecules are replicated from multiple origins of replication bidirectionally. B. The linear DNA molecules are replicated from one origin of replication bidirectionally. C. A circular DNA molecule is replicated from multiple origins of replication bidirectionally. D. The circular DNA molecules are replicated from one origin of replication bidirectionally. E. The linear DNA molecules are replicated from one origin of replication unidirectionally..
The linear DNA molecules are replicated from multiple origins of replication bidirectionally
A gene can now be defined as: A. a DNA sequence that carries information to produce a specific RNA or protein product. B. a DNA nucleotide sequence that carries information to produce a specific polypeptide. C. a DNA or RNA sequence that carri es information to produce a single polypeptide. D. a DNA nucleotide sequence that carries information to produce an enzyme. E. a DNA or RNA sequence that carries information to produce a specific polypeptide
a DNA or RNA sequence that carries information to produce a specific polypeptide
A polyribosome is: A. a complex of many ribosome and an mRNA. B. a complex of many ribosomes in eukaryotes. C. an initiation complex in eukaryotes. D. an elongation complex in eukaryotes. E. a complex of a ribosome with its two subunits and several mRNAs.
a complex of many ribosome and an mRNA
Initiation of transcription requires: A. a promoter sequence. B. DNA polymerase. C. an RNA primer. D. a DNA primer. E. Okazaki fragments.
a promoter sequence
The 5 ́ end of each Okazaki fragment begins with: A. the same RNA primer that began synthesis on the leading strand. B. a DNA primer binding to the template DNA. C. DNA polymerase binding to the template DNA. D. a separate RNA primer. E. a small DNA primer.
a separate RNA primer
Uracil forms a complementary pair with ____________ in RNA and _____________ in DNA. A. adenine; adenine B. adenine; thymine C. thymine; thymine D. uracil; adenine E. adenine; uracil
adenine; adenine
A leader sequences contain signals that: A. prevent enzymes from degrading the newly synthesized mRNA. B. inhibit ribosome binding until the appropriate time. C. initiate chain termination. D. allow the ribosomes to be properly positioned to translate the message. E. allow tRNA molecules to successfully bind to mRNA.
allow the ribosomes to be properly positioned to translate the message.
An inducible operon is usually controlled by: A. an active repressor that keeps it in the "off" state. B. being active at all times. C. allolactose. D. being turned "off," usually by the end product of the pathway. E. an inducer molecule that keeps it in the "off" state.
an active repressor that keeps it in the "off" state.
Two chains of DNA must run in ____________ direction(s) and must be ____________ if they are to bond with each other. A. the same; uncomplementary B. opposite; uncomplementary C. parallel; uncomplementary D. parallel; complementary E. antiparallel; complementary
antiparallel; complementary
DNA sequences that are methylated by a cell are usually genes that: A. are constitutive. B. are inactive. C. are repressed. D. are actively expressed. E. have been replicated
are inactive.
During protein synthesis, ribosomes: A. attach to the mRNA molecule and travel along its length. B. attach to the DNA molecule and travel along its length to produce an mRNA molecule. C. translate mRNA into tRNA. D. transcribe mRNA to tRNA. E. translate mRNA into DNA.
attach to the mRNA molecule and travel along its length
Dispersive replication is characterized by each daughter molecule _____. a. containing either two parent polynucleotides, or two newly synthesized polynucleotides" b. being composed partly of the original polynucleotide and partly of newly synthesized. c. containing one polynucleotide from the original molecule and one newly synthesized polynucleotide d. all above. e. none above.
being composed partly of the original polynucleotide and partly of newly synthesized
How does the lactose repressor block transcription of the lactose operon? A. by slowing the uptake of lactose into the cell B. by binding allosterically to the appropriate genes C. by "turning off" the appropriate genes in the intron D. by regulating the activity of the enzymes that the operon codes for E. by binding to the operator
by binding to the operator
The wobble hypothesis states that: A. more than one ribosome can bind to an mRNA molecule. B. some amino acids are coded for by more than one codon. C. there is more than one stop codon in the genetic code. D. a particular amino acid may be linked to more than one type of tRNA molecule. E. certain tRNA anticodons can pair with more than one codon sequence.
certain tRNA anticodons can pair with more than one codon sequence
The gene that codes for the repressor protein of the E. coli lactose operon is: A.downstream from the operator. B.constitutive. C.turned off most of the time. D.downstream from the promoter region. E.located between the operator and the promoter.
constitutive.
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases ________ link ________ to their respective tRNA molecules. A. ionically; mRNAs B. loosely; mRNAs C. terminally; codons D. covalently; amino acids E. enzymatically; codons
covalently; amino acids
The 3 ́ end of eukaryotic pre-mRNAs are changed by: A. removing the last phosphate group. B. adding a "cap." C. copying the last few bases so that it can form a duplex structure. D. cutting and adding 100-250 adenine nucleotides. E. phosphorylation of the mRNA molecule.
cutting and adding 100-250 adenine nucleotides
2. Chargaff determined that DNA from any source contains about the same amount of guanine as __________. A. uracil B. thymine C. adenine D. cytosine E. guanine
cytosine
Hydrogen bonds can form between guanine and __________, and between adenine and __________. A. cytosine; thymine B. thymine; cytosine C. sugar; phosphate D. adenine; guanine E. phosphate; sugar
cytosine; thymine
Meselson and Stahl separated DNA from different generations using: A. density gradient centrifugation. B. gel electrophoresis. C. an electron microscope. D. differential radioisotope labeling. E. None of these.
density gradient centrifugation
Binding of the appropriate aminoacy l-tRNA to the A site requires: A. no additional energy. B. the input of two ATP molecules to supply the needed energy. C. energy supplied by GTP. D. activation of the A site. E. phosphorylation of the tRNA molecule.
energy supplied by GTP
Translocation in translation requires: A. no additional energy. B. activation of the P site. C. the input of two ATP molecules to supply the needed energy. D. energy supplied by GTP. E. phosphorylation of the mRNA molecule.
energy supplied by GTP.
A mutation that replaces one amino acid in a protein with another is called a ____________ mutation. A. frameshift B. recombinant C. nonsense D. missense E. neutral
frameshift
The total DNA in a cell is referred to as the: A. library. B. genome. C. chromosomal DNA. D. cDNA. E. None of these
genome
Increasing the stability of a particular mRNA __________ the expression of that gene. A. decreases B. does not affect C. increases D. eliminates E. None of these.
increases
Interrupted coding sequences include long sequences of bases that do not code for amino acids. These noncoding sequences, called ____________, are found in ____________ cells. A. exons; prokaryotic B. introns; prokaryotic C. exons; eukaryotic D. introns; eukaryotic E. None of these.
introns; eukaryotic
A replication fork: A. is only seen in prokaryotic chromosomes. B. is only seen in bacterial cells. C. is a Y-shaped structure where both DNA strands are replicated simultaneously. D. is a site where one DNA strand serves as a template, but the other strand is not replicated. E. is created by the action of the enzyme RNA polymerase.
is a Y-shaped structure where both DNA strands are replicated simultaneously
The enzyme represented by the letter D is responsible for: A. linking short DNA segments. B. synthesizing the leading strand. C. forming the replication fork. D. forming nucleosomes. E. unwinding the DNA double helix.
linking short DNA segments
The codon is found in the: A. template strand of DNA. B. tRNA. C. nontemplate strand of DNA. D. rRNA. E. mRNA.
mRNA
Primase is the enzyme responsible for: A. unwinding the DNA double strand to allow DNA polymerase access to the template DNA. B. introducing nicks into the DNA double strand in order to prevent the formation of knots. C. hydrolyzing ATP to facilitate DNA unwinding. D. making short strands of RNA at the site of replication initiation. E. forming a replication fork in the DNA double helix.
making short strands of RNA at the site of replication initiation
Primase is the enzyme responsible for: A.forming a replication fork in the DNA double helix. B.making short strands of RNA at the site of replication initiation. C.introducing nicks into the DNA double strand in order to prevent the formation of knots. D.hydrolyzing ATP to facilitate DNA unwinding. E.unwinding the DNA double strand to allow DNA polymerase access to the template DNA.
making short strands of RNA at the site of replication initiation.
Following peptide bond formation between the amino acid in the A site on the ribosome and the growing polypeptide chain, the tRNA in the A site: A. releases the growing polypeptide chain. B. picks up another amino acid to add to the chain. C. moves to the P site of the ribosome. D. forms a peptide bond with A site of the ribosome. E. forms a covalent bond with the P site of the ribosome.
moves to the P site of the ribosome
A new operon is discovered in a bacterium. The control of this operon is affected by a protein that is made by another gene, and is made in an active form that binds to the DNA near the operon to prevent transcription. This is an example of __________ control. A. negative B. activational C. positive D. repressing E. inducing
negative
Substitution of one base pair for another can result in a ____________ mutation that results in the conversion of an amino acid specifying codon to a termination codon. A. nonsense B. frameshift C. chromosomal D. missense E. None of thes
nonsense
Structure X was made in the nucleus cytoplasm lysosome vacuole
nucleus
Feedback inhibition of the first enzyme of a pathway by the end product of the pathway is an example of: A. posttranslational control. B. transcriptional control. C. repression. D. inhibiting control. E. translational control
posttranslational control
An mRNA "5 ́ cap": A. prevents translation. B. facilitates binding of ribosomes. C. marks the mRNA for degradation. D. decreases the half-life of the mRNA. E. protects newly synthesized mRNA from degradation.
protects newly synthesized mRNA from degradation
Retroviruses or RNA tumor viruses use __________ to make DNA: A. DNA polymerase B. DNA-dependent RNA polymerase C. RNA polymerase D. primase E. reverse transcriptase
reverse transcriptase
Translocation is the process whereby the __________ moves in order to place the tRNA bound to the growing polypeptide chain in the __________ site, thereby freeing the __________ site for a new aminoacyl-tRNA. A. mRNA; A; P B. ribosome; P; A C. tRNA; P; A D. ribosome; A; P E. tRNA; A; P
ribosome; P; A
Walter Gilbert proposed that exons are: A. remnants of older life forms. B. sequences that code for protein domains that are shuffled to form new proteins. C. the result of mutation of introns. D. not present in prokaryotes. E. sequences that interrupt the coding sequences of proteins.
sequences that code for protein domains that are shuffled to form new proteins.
In replication, once the DNA strands have been separated, reformation of the double helix is prevented by: A. DNA helicase enzyme. B. single-strand binding proteins. C. DNA polymerases. D. ATP. E. GTP.
single-strand binding proteins
The information carried by DNA is incorporated in a code specified by the: A. phosphodiester bonds of the DNA strand. B. number of separate strands of DNA. C. size of a particular chromosome. D. specific nucleotide sequence of the DNA molecule. E. number of bases in a DNA strand.
specific nucleotide sequence of the DNA molecule.
Which of the following serves as an apter" protein synthesis and bridges the gap between mRNA and proteins? A. tRNA B. cDNA C. rRNA D. promoter sequences E. DNA
tRNA
The ends of eukaryotic chromosomes can be lengthened by: A. apoptosis. B. reverse transcriptase. C. primase. D. telomerase. E. DNA polymerase.
telomerase
When cultured normal human cells were infected with a virus that carried the genes that coded for a subunit of telomerase: A. the cells underwent more cell divisions than normal. B. the cells underwent fewer cell divisions than normal. C. the cells died almost immediately. D. the cells underwent gene expression more vigorously. E. the cell cycle shortened.
the cells underwent more cell divisions than normal
4. X-ray diffraction studies are used to determine: A. the sequence of amino acids in protein molecules. B. the sequence of nucleic acid s in nucleic acid molecules. C. the distances between atoms of molecules. D. the type of chemical under investigation. E. the wavelength of light emitted by chemicals.
the distances between atoms of molecules
Which of the following changes would be expected if a CAUUUG sequences of bases mutated to CACUUG? the amino acid sequence would be shorter than expected the identity of one amino acid would change the identity of more than one amino acid would change the amino acid sequence would remain unchanged
the identity of one amino acid would change
In all organisms, the AUG codon codes for: A. the initiation of translation. B. the termination of transcription. C. the termination of chain elongation. D. the amino acid valine. E. a termination tRNA molecule.
the initiation of translation
Frameshift mutations result from: A. the substitution of one base pair for another. B. the substitution of more than one base pair. C. the insertion or deletion of one or two base pairs. D. the substitution of a stop codon for an amino acid-specifying codon. E. the substitution of a start codon for an amino acid cod
the insertion or deletion of one or two base pairs
The main reason scientists thought that proteins, rather than DNA, were the carriers of genetic material in the cell was: A. their abundance within the cell. B. their presence within the nucleus. C. the large number of possible amino acid combinations. D. their ability to be exported from the cell. E. their ability to self replicate within the cytoplasm
the large number of possible amino acid combinations
Linus Pauling demonstrated that: A. the structure of hemoglobin was altered by a mutation of a single gene. B. mutations only caused defects in enzymes. C. mutations alter the structure of RNA, but not proteins. D. mutations were inherited. E. the structure of hemoglobin was altered by mutations in any of a dozen genes.
the structure of hemoglobin was altered by a mutation of a single gene
Repressible genes are usually actively transcribed when: A.quantities of precursor materials are high. B.tryptophan accumulates in the cell. C.there is no other substrate that can be used by the cell. D.repressor molecules bind to the promoter. E.the supply of the end product formed by the enzymes encoded by these genes is low.
the supply of the end product formed by the enzymes encoded by these genes is low.
Enzymes called ____________ form breaks in the DNA molecules to prevent the formation of knots in the DNA helix during replication. A. topoisomerases B. single-strand binding proteins C. DNA polymerases D. RNA polymerases E. DNA ligases
topoisomerases
A sequence of bases located upstream from a reference point occurs: A. towards the 3 ́ end of the amino acid sequence. B. towards the 5 ́ end of the mRNA sequence. C. towards the 3 ́ end of the mRNA sequence. D. towards the 5 ́ end of the transcribed DNA strand. E. towards the carboxyl end of the amino acid sequence.
towards the 5 ́ end of the mRNA sequence.
RNA synthesis is also known as: A. elongation. B. reverse transcription. C. termination. D. translation. E. transcription
transcription
If a human gene mRNA were placed into a cell of yeast, it would be: A. degraded immediately. B. translated into a repeating amino acid chain. C. translated into a chain of random amino acids not resembling the protein in humans. D. translated into the protein that is found in humans. E. integrated into the genome of the yeast.
translated into the protein that is found in humans.
If a protein-coding gene is identified, its function can be studied by using RNA interference to __________. A. turn the gene off B. turn the gene on C. produce a RFLP D. induce a mutation E. produce an EST
turn the gene off
The final product of DNA replication is: A. mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA molecules. B. a wide variety of proteins. C. DNA fragments. D. two DNA molecules, each of which contains one new and one old DNA strand. E. the enzymes needed for further processes, such as DNA polymerase.
two DNA molecules, each of which contains one new and one old DNA strand
Introns in pre-mRNA are known to: A. code for specific protein domains. B. undergo excision, whereby they are spliced out of the message. C. be able to move within the mRNA, thereby giving rise to new exon combinations. D. protect pre mRNA from enzyme degradation. E. code for important amino acid sequences.
undergo excision, whereby they are spliced out of the message
A __________ is required to transfer genes from one organism to another. A.PCR device B.genetic probe C.reverse transcriptase D.vector E.transport molecule
vector
1. In the experiments of Griffith, the conversion of nonlethal R-strain bacteria to lethal S- strain bacteria: a. was the result of genetic mutation. b. was an example of the genetic exchange known as transformation. c. supported the case for proteins as the genetic material. d. could not be reproduced by other researchers. e. was an example of conjugation.
was an example of the genetic exchange known as transformation
In the experiments of Griffith, the conversion of nonlethal R-strain bacteria to lethal S- strain bacteria: A. was the result of genetic mutation. B. was an example of the genetic exchange known as transformation. C. supported the case for proteins as the genetic material. D. could not be reproduced by other researchers. E. was an example of conjugation.
was an example of the genetic exchange known as transformation