Exam 360 2
Which of the following statements regarding the Asch studies is INCORRECT?
A dissenting minority response caused the participants to give the correct answer only if that minority also gave the right answer.
Which of the following statements is true?
A need for power can have an altruistic form.
Which of the following statements regarding leader-member exchange relationships is INCORRECT?
All employees would like to have a positive relationship with their leader.
Research on communication indicates all of the following EXCEPT
Although good communication helps retain effective performers, it does not increase a firm's market share.
Which of the following statements regarding antecedents of political behavior is INCORRECT?
Authoritarian decision making leads to more political behavior in the organization.
If there is conflict between two members of a team and the underlying reason for the conflict is personality differences, what is a viable way of managing the organizational conflict?
Change the composition of the team by separating the individuals at odds.
Which of the following statements regarding performance incentives is true?
Companies are increasingly choosing to implement team- or group-based pay-for-performance programs over individual-based pay-for-performance programs.
Which of the following statements is true about the manner in which managers can influence the perceptions of expectancy theory
Conduct employee surveys periodically to ascertain what they consider to be rewards for performance and integrate that in some manner into the performance evaluation program.
Which of the following statements is true about the manner in which managers can influence the perceptions of expectancy theory?
Conduct employee surveys periodically to ascertain what they consider to be rewards for performance and integrate that in some manner into the performance evaluation program.
Analyzing Trader Joe's success using Herzberg's two-factor theory of motivation would suggest that
Contextual, content, and growth needs factors all help to contribute to Trader Joe's success.
Which of the following statements regarding the second stage of planned change is INCORRECT?
Create a big win because people need to see that things are happening.
How could a firm best satisfy an employee's safety needs?
Create a job security clause in the employment contract
Which of the following statements regarding the final stage of planned change is INCORRECT?
Declare victory early in making the change and get into a routine.
Which of the following statements regarding overcoming resistance to your proposals is INCORRECT?
Do not listen to naysayers.
Which of the following is a need based theory of motivation?
ERG theory
In comparing Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory to Alderfer's ERG theory
ERG theory recognizes more than one need may operate at one time.
All of the following statements regarding negotiations around the world are correct EXCEPT
Eastern cultures tend view negotiations as a business activity while Western cultures see it as a social activity.
Research on decision-making styles finds
Employees care more about the overall participativeness of the organizational climate than involvement in every single decision.
Employees with more complete information are no more committed to the change effort than those who have less than complete information.
False
People do not welcome change whether it is favorable or not to them.
False
Resistance to change is never a positive force for an organization.
False
Research on Fiedler's Contingency Theory indicates which of the following?
Fiedler's theory is important because it recognizes the importance of the leadership context.
Which of the following statements related to the unfreezing stage of planned change is INCORRECT?
Get everyone on board as soon as the change is initiated.
Which of the following is an INCORRECT statement about leader-member exchange (LMX) theory?
High LMX relationships involve an active dislike between the leader and member.
Which of the following statements regarding House's path-goal theory of leadership is INCORRECT?
House's path-goal theory of motivation is based upon the equity theory of motivation.
Which of the following statements regarding power distribution research is INCORRECT?
In comparing rankings given to managers with regard to their influence, there was general agreement on the top five but no agreement on the bottom five.
Which of the following statements regarding the positive and negative consequences of power is INCORRECT?
Individuals are often quick to question the actions of those in power.
Research indicates which of the following findings regarding negotiations is correct?
Individuals who were unable to negotiate a deal in previous negotiation situations tended to have lower outcomes in subsequent negotiations than those who had initially negotiated deals in the past.
Which of the following statements regarding self-esteem and leadership is INCORRECT?
Leaders with high self esteem punish their subordinates less effectively, when such punishment is due, than do leaders with lower self esteem.
Which of the following statements regarding factors of change in the organization is INCORRECT?
Manufacturing jobs have been outsourced, but knowledge-based jobs are largely safe from such movement.
Which of the following need-based theories has received the greatest amount of support?
McClelland's acquired needs theory
Which of the following statements regarding performance and organizational change is INCORRECT?
More successful firms find it easier to change than those performing poorly.
Which of the following statements regarding intelligence is INCORRECT?
One's intelligence is the strongest predictor of leadership performance.
Which of the following statements regarding change is INCORRECT?
Organizational change takes only a few forms.
When organizational behavior modification is used to examine employee absenteeism, which step looks at why employees are absent?
Step 3: Analyze behavior antecedents and outcomes.
Which of the following statements regarding the Zimbardo study is correct?
The Zimbardo study was ended early due to the participant's deep entrenchment of the roles.
In which of the following scenarios are you most likely to experience conflict?
The firm just instituted a matrix structure
Which of the following is correct regarding aspects of the relationship between dependency and power?
The more dependent you are on another, the less power you have.
Which of the following statements regarding the Milgram experiment on conformity to authority is correct?
The researcher/experimenter's role was very important in obtaining group compliance with the experiment procedures/guideline
In which of the following scenarios would you expect high performance?
The team members seem to get along well enough, but on occasion they will argue about a number of issues.
Which of the statements regarding research on House's path-goal theory is correct?
The theory's greatest contribution is the importance of the leader's ability to change styles depending on the circumstances.
Those employees who feel they can perform well under a new system will be more committed to change.
True
Which of the following statements regarding performance incentives is NOT true?
When awarded stock options, employees tend to hold on to them rather than sell them.
Which of the following statements regarding upward influence is INCORRECT?
While helping higher-ups be more effective can help employees gain more power for themselves, there is no gain for those same employees from allowing those below to influence them.
Which of the following statements regarding impression management is INCORRECT?
While it is possible to manage others' impressions of you, it is not important because in the end you are who you are
Men and women tend to differ in their communication styles. Which of the following statements regarding those differences is correct?
Women focus on intuition in communicating; men on data.
All of the following would freeze a conversation EXCEPT
You are very skilled at that
All of the following statements are correct with regard to determining your BATNA EXCEPT
You must determine your own BATNA but there is little you can do with regard to the BATNA of the party with whom you are negotiating.
compromise
a middle-ground style in which individuals have some desire to express their own concerns and get there way still respecting the other wants.
External communication about a client's product or service created for a specific receiver is
a press release
Conflict is
a process that involves people disagreeing.
Intrapersonal conflict is
a type of conflict that arises when a person is uncertain about what is expected or wanted or has a sense of being inadequate to the task.
The most negative reaction to a proposed change attempt is
active resistance
Research has found all of the Big 5 personality traits to be related to leader emergence and leader effectiveness EXCEPT
agreeableness
An external communication that combines the look of an article with the focused message of an ad is
an advertorial
Downward influence is best achieved through
an inspiring vision
An example of a crucial conversation is
asking for a raise
Which of the following is NOT a stage of Lewin's model of planned change?
assess
Alderfer's theory of motivation does all of the following EXCEPT
assume needs are hierarchically-based
Maslow's social needs could be satisfied by
attending a department picnic after work.
When leaders make decisions alone without involving employees in the decision making process, they are using
authoritarian decision making.
The trait approach to leadership examines all of the following factors EXCEPT
behaviors
openness is
being curious, original, intellectual, creative and receptive to new ideas.
Extraversion is
being outgoing, talkative, sociable, and enjoying social situations.
When well-designed, organizational controls can provide benefits such as
better ability to manage uncertainty and complexity.
All of the following would be effective means of stimulating conflict EXCEPT
building clarity into the situation.
Listening
can be demonstrated to the sender by nonverbal signals like the nod of a head.
The ability to attract others, win their admiration, and hold them spellbound is
charisma
When a target agrees to a request and actively supports it, the target's response is
commitment
All of the following are aspects of crucial conversations EXCEPT
communications experts suggest using "but" not "and" in crucial conversations.
People's tendencies to behave consistently with social norms is
conformity
Being organized, systematic, punctual, achievement-oriented and dependable are characteristics of the personality trait
conscientiousness
People-oriented behaviors are also called
consideration
To influence instrumentality, managers can
consistently reward high performers.
The influence tactic that works most effectively in organizations that value democratic decision making is
consultation
When reinforcers follow all examples of positive behavior you are using a __________ ___________ of reinforcement.
continuous schedule
Communication fulfills all of the following organizational functions EXCEPT
control
The ability to influence those in positions lower than yours is
downward influence
All of the following statements regarding organizational politics are correct EXCEPT
effective politics is all about winning at all costs.
Maslow's theory of motivation suggests
employee needs are ordered
Research on employee perception of organizational politics finds all of the following if employees think that their organization is overly driven by politics, EXCEPT
employees have lower job satisfaction, but are no less committed to the organization.
In democratic decision making
employees participate in the making of the decision.
Research on performance incentives suggest all of the following EXCEPT
employees report lower levels of pay satisfaction under pay-for-performance systems.
In the communication process model, the task of translating an idea into words is called
encoding
Alderfer's growth needs correspond to Maslow's
esteem needs
All of the following are organizational antecedents of political behavior EXCEPT
expectations of success
Access to specific knowledge or skills is _______________ power.
expert
Power that comes from knowledge and skill is
expert power
The Big 5 personality trait ___________ has the strongest relationship to both leader emergence and leader effectiveness.
extraversion
Research findings of leader behaviors suggest
extremely high levels of leader task-oriented behaviors may lead to burnout in employees.
If leader-subordinate relations are good, position power is high and task is structured, the situation would be categorized as
favorable
Servant leaders
feel an obligation to their employees, customers and the larger community.
People resist change for all of the following reasons EXCEPT
feelings of certainty
All of the following are rules for active listening EXCEPT
find areas of agreement with the speaker.
low's physiological needs may be satisfied by:
food
Research shows that when confronted with a conflict situation, subordinates are most likely to use all of the following conflict handling styles EXCEPT
forcing
Research shows that when managers are dealing with conflict they prefer which conflict handling style?
forcing
In situations of medium favorableness,
high LPC leaders are effective.
The simple premise of Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory is
human beings have needs that are hierarchically ranked.
The first step of an organizational behavior modification program is
identify behavior to be modified.
An example of extinction is
ignoring a coworker who is telling dirty jokes.
accommodating
in this style, the person gives in to what the other side wants, even if it means giving up personal goals
Negative reinforcement
increases the desired behavior.
Positive reinforcement
increases the desired behavior.
Attempting to get others to do what we want is
influence
Effective managers tend to use more
information-rich channels
Using different forms of making others feel good about themselves is the influence tactic of
ingratiation
Task-oriented behaviors are also called
initiating structure
The Teach for America representative faced the group of college students and asked, "Do you want to make a difference in this world? Do you want to give back for all the good things you have had happen to you over your lifetime? Do you want to help a child have a chance, a chance like yours? Then, won't you consider giving just nine months of your life to make a difference? Consider joining me and thousands of your peers in leading this country in a new direction by taking part in Teach for America." The representative is using the _______________ influence tactic.
inspirational appeal
All of the following are examples of the Big 5 Personality traits EXCEPT
intelligence
Which of the following is not an aspect of the verbal strategy of impression management?
intent of your speech
Servant leadership
is a leadership approach that defines the leader's role as serving the needs of others.
A piece rate system
is a program where employees are paid on the basis of individual output produced.
Research suggests all of the following are outcomes of impression management EXCEPT impression management
is less influential in unstructured interviews than structured interviews.
Coercive power
is the ability to take something away or punish someone for noncompliance.
coercive power
is the ability to take something away or punish someone for noncompliance.
Communication that is asynchronous
is written by the sender and can be read any time by the receiver.
Research on procedural justice suggests
it is best to be consistent in the manner in which employees are disciplined for violating company policy for situations like cell phone usage.
The value of the resource is
its importance
The leadership decision tree
leads to the determination of how much involvement leaders should seek in making decisions.
Power that comes from one's organizational role or position is
legitimate power
Which one of the following traits is NOT a tool that transformational leaders use to influence employees and create commitment to the company goals?
management by exception
Research on effective teams indicates that they experience
moderate levels of task conflict in the middle of the project timeline.
Situational favorableness includes all of the following conditions EXCEPT
motivation level
Your posture, hand gestures, and eye contact are all examples of what aspect of impression management?
nonverbal
Information-rich channels convey more
nonverbal information
Intergroup conflict
occurs between two departments
Communication usually travels diagonally to
other departments.
Leaders who ensure their employees take part in decision making have a(n) _________________ leadership style
participative
Leaders who ensure their employees take part in decision making have a(n) _________________ leadership style.
participative
Being disturbed by changes without voicing your opinion is
passive resistance
Servant leadership has an explicit focus on all of the following factors EXCEPT
paternalism
avoiding
people exhibiting this style seek to avoid conflict all together by denying that it is there.
Which of the following statements regarding reasons employees resist change is correct?
people resist change that negatively impacts their influence and power in the firm.
All of the following statements regarding reasons employees resist change are correct EXCEPT
people with a negative self-concept view change as an opportunity.
Which of the following is NOT an impression management category that an individual can use to accomplish the outcomes desired?
personality
The ability to influence the behavior of others to get what you want is
power
During which phase of the negotiation process does an individual assemble the information gathered in such a manner that his position is supported?
presentation
All of the following are actions those who perceive inequity can undertake to "balance the scales" EXCEPT
produce higher quality work.
One way to satisfy self-actualization needs is to
pursue a master's degree through a company's tuition reimbursement program
According to surveys, the most frequently used influence tactic is
rational persuasion
competition
reaching one's goal or get resolution adopted regardless of what others say or how they feel
______________ power is more effective than formal power bases and is positively related to employee performance and organizational commitment.
referent
_______________ power is more effective than formal power bases and is positively related to employee performance and organizational commitment.
referent
Authentic leadership
refers to effective leaders who stay true to themselves.
Ensuring that change becomes permanent and the new procedures become the norm is what stage of Lewin's model of planned change?
refreeze
A communication receiver who is preparing his comment or answer and not really listening to the sender is
rehearsing
Maslow's theory of motivation is criticized because
research does not support the argument that satisfied needs no longer motivate behavior.
When the influence target does not wish to comply with the request and either passively or actively repels the influence attempt, they are exhibiting
resistance
The ability to grant an increase in pay, a perk, or an attractive job assignment is ___________ power.
reward
Expectancy theory suggests individuals are motivated when all of the following conditions are met EXCEPT
rewards lead to high performance.
All of the following are individual antecedents of political behavior EXCEPT
role ambiguity
All of the following are examples of intrapersonal conflict EXCEPT
role reversal
Alderfer's existence needs correspond to Maslow's
safety needs
Which of the following is a hygiene factor in Herzberg's theory of motivation?
salary
An achievement-oriented leader
sets goals for employees and encourages them to reach their goals.
The collaborative work environment at Trader Joe's satisfies which of Maslow's hierarchy of needs?
social
Referent power
stems from the personal characteristics of the person such as the degree to which we respect and want to be like them.
With the scorecard and strategy map in hand, managers break broad goals down into
strategies
Research on the direction of influence and the effectiveness of various influence techniques indicates all of the following EXCEPT:
subordinate use of assertiveness and rationality as influence tactics lead to negative outcomes.
Recent surveys indicate that managers spend a majority of their time communicating with what group?
subordinates
Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory of motivation
suggests once basic needs are satisfied, higher order needs become motivators.
If jobs are boring and repetitive or tasks are stressful, the ________ style of leadership is most effective
supportive
If jobs are boring and repetitive or tasks are stressful, the ________ style of leadership is most effective.
supportive
All of the following factors are important when unfreezing for planned change EXCEPT
taking things slowly; do not suggest a crisis is imminent
Active listening involves
taking time to understand the points being made.
The two broad categories of leader behaviors are
task-oriented and people-oriented structures.
In expectancy theory, valence is
the anticipated satisfaction that will result from an outcome.
Interactional justice is
the degree to which people are treated with respect, kindness and dignity in interpersonal interactions.
interactional justice is
the degree to which people are treated with respect, kindness and dignity in interpersonal interactions.
Esteem needs are
the desire to feel important.
The relationship between dependency and power suggests
the more unique your resource, the more power you will have
collaboration
the objective is find a win-win solution to the problem in which both parties get what they want
A mediator should enter a negotiation when
the parties are unable to find a solution
Mediation is
the process where a third party enters the situation with the goal of assisting the parties to reach an agreement.
Negotiation is
the process whereby two or more parties work toward an agreement.
All of the following are criticisms of Herzberg's theory of motivation EXCEPT
the theory suggests that improving the environment only goes so far in motivating employees.
The earliest approach to the study of leadership was
the trait approach
Which of the following is NOT a key characteristic of authentic leaders?
they have no set priorities
Research on equity theory suggests
those who feel over-rewarded experience little distress over the situation.
Research on transformational and transactional leadership shows all of the following EXCEPT
transactional leaders increase the intrinsic motivation of their followers.
___________ leaders lead employees by aligning employee goals with the leader's goals.
transformational
Most research on leadership has been conducted on which of the following contingency theories of leadership?
transformational leadership theory
People-oriented behaviors include
treating employees with respect.
Almost all managers surveyed suggest workplace politics exist in their organizations and that to be successful individuals must engage in politics.
true
Culture and reputation costs are intangible costs associated with any form of control.
true
Organizational change can be either radical or incremental.
true
Surveys indicate that resistance to change is one of the top two reasons why change efforts within organizations fail.
true
The key factor in the effectiveness of transformational leadership is
trust
If leader-subordinate relations are poor, position power is low, and task is unstructure, the situation would be categorized as
unfavorable
Making sure that organizational members are ready for and receptive to change is what step of the Lewin model?
unfreeze
What is the first step in Lewin's model of planned change?
unfreeze
Praising the employee occasionally when the person shows up on time is an example of __________________ of reinforcement.
variable ratio
Individuals with a high need for affiliation
want to be accepted by others.
All of the following statements regarding resistance to change are correct EXCEPT
when people react negatively to change, they experience negative emotions, but are no more likely to leave the firm than they would be in a firm that was not undergoing organizational change.
All of the statements regarding workplace demographics and their impact on change are correct EXCEPT an older workforce
will likely cause flexible work hours and job sharing to diminish as older people like the structure of set hours of work.
A memo is an example of
written communication
If you dislike working with a person and do not care for them on a personal level either,
you would have a low least preferred coworker score.
