Exam 4 Biology

Modern botanists think that all plants evolved from a common ancestor, an ancient green algae. What is the best explanation for this hypothesis?

All plants share biochemical traits

Which of the following is the structural and molecular data that indicate that land plants probably descended from a group of green algae?

Charophytes

How do mosses help prevent soil erosion?

Dense colonies

How do mycorrhizae benefit plants?

Increase surface area of roots

Why are mosses and liverworts limited in size?

Lack vascular tissue

What is an example of a plant disease caused by a basiodiomycete?

Wheat rust

Consuming even a single mushroom of the genus ____ can be fatal.

amatita

The most diverse, successful, and familiar group of plants today are the

angiosperms

Gametophytes also produce female gametangia known as:

arcigonia

The sac fungi are characterized by sexual reproductive structures called:

asci

Lichens reproduce mainly by asexual means, usually by which of the following?

asexually

Mushrooms that we eat are technically referred to as:

besido carbs

Which is an example of a member of phylum Zygomycota?

black bread mold

Puffballs and bracket fungi are most closely related to:

bread mold

Yeasts reproduce asexually by:

budding

The cell walls of fungi are composed of:

celluose

Like fungi, chytrid cell walls contain which of the following?

chitin

Which plants generally have leaves called needles that are long, narrow, tough, and leathery?

conifers

What is the function of the phloem in plants?

dissolves sugars

What are interesting research plants for studies in genetics because they are polyploids and have multiple sets of chromosomes?

ferns

The sori of most ferns are found on which part of the plant?

frons

As a seed develops from an ovule, the ovule wall enlarges and develops into a:

fruit

In a fungus, a complex multicellular reproductive structure is called a(n):

fruiting body

What is a fungal chemical that shows promise as an anticancer agent because of its ability to inhibit the formation of new blood vessels?

fumgallin

The haploid portion of the life cycle is called the _______________ because it gives rise to haploid gametes by mitosis.

gametophyte

Which generation is significantly reduced in size and entirely dependent on the sporophyte generation?

gametophyte

Some liverworts reproduce asexually by forming tiny balls of tissue called:

gemmae

Many seedless plants produce spores of one morphological type, which is referred to as:

homosporee

A flower that has sepals, petals, and stamens, but lacks carpels, is known as:

incomplete and imperfect

Seed plants produce ovules, each of which is a megasporangium surrounded by ___________.

integument

A key step in the evolution of vascular plants was the ability to produce ____, a strengthening polymer in the walls of cells that provide support and conduction.

lig

The gametophyte is the dominant stage in the life cycle for which plant groups?

liverworts

What do the large female cones of a pine tree contain?

megasporangium

What type of leaf venation do eudicots possess?

netted

The gametophyte generation of ferns is the:

prothallus

When a moss spore lands in a suitable spot, it germinates and grows into a filament of cells called a:

protonema

After fertilization in angiosperms, what does the ovule develop into?

seed

Meiosis occurs forming spores within which structure?

sporangium

Which vascular tissue is responsible for conducting water and dissolved minerals in plants?

xylum

Why are seeds reproductively superior to spores?

Protected by seed coat

The genus Pinus, by far the largest genus in the conifers, consists of about how many species?

100 species

The name conifer comes from the reproductive parts of conifers as they have separate male and female reproductive parts in different locations on the same plant. What is the technical name for the structures bearing these reproductive parts?

strobili

The endosperm of an angiosperm seed is typically:

triploid

Which vascular tissue in both gymnosperms and flowering plants is for conducting water and dissolved minerals?

zylum

Thrush, a painful yeast infection of the mouth, throat and vagina, is caused by a member of the genus:

canida

Which plant has a jointed hollow stem with reduced megaphylls?

horsetails

What is an example of a monocot?

onion

Each individual gametophyte plant has tiny, hair like absorptive structures known as:

rhizoids

According to the fossil record, the oldest vascular plants are placed in which phylum?

rhyniophyte

Which genus is used to produce beer and wine?

saccharomyces

When bread gets moldy with visible black or blue spots, you are looking at masses of the colored:

spores

What does each male cone's leaflike scales that bear sporangia on the underside consist of?

sporofils

. How is the pollen of pine trees primarily disseminated?

wind

Which unicellular fungus is probably in most kitchens?

yeast

In most fungi, hyphae are divided by cross walls, termed which of the following?

septa

Which is the gametophyte form of most liverworts?

thallus

Allomyces has an unusual life cycle in that it spends part of its life as a multicellular haploid thallus and part as a multicellular diploid thallus. This life cycle is known as which of the following?

Alternation of generations

When two gametes fuse, the diploid portion of the life cycle is called ________________________.

Sporophyte

How are the sperm of moss transported to the archegonia?

Water and insects

Plants that have a distinct haploid stage and diploid stage exhibit:

alternation of generations

The haploid gametophytes produce male gametangia known as:

antheridi

The club fungi typically reproduce by producing:

basidia

In most developing eudicot seeds, the primary source of nutritive material is in the:

endosperm

Which of the following phyla is unusual because it is composed of a single species?

ginko

. ____ are small leaves with a single vascular strand.

microphil

A plant with parallel veins and floral parts in threes or multiples of three would be classified as a:

monocots

Most conifers have separate male and female reproductive parts on the same tree. This condition is referred to as:

monoecious

Which part of a flowering plant is the immature male gametophyte?

pollen grain

What is the function of the sepal of a flowering plant?

protection