Exam 4 (Chapters 9 & 10)

An employee's initial wage rate is determined by a. whether the employee is male or female. b. his or her wage rate at his or her previous job. c. the results of a wage survey pertaining to the employee's job. d. the experience, qualifications, and expected performance of that employee. e. the employee's measured productivity.

d. The experience, qualifications, and expected performance of that employee

The idea that satisfaction and dissatisfaction are distinct dimensions is referred to as a. the hierarchy of needs. b. Theory X and Theory Y. c. scientific management. d. the motivation-hygiene theory. e. the reinforcement theory.

d. The motivation-hygiene theory

According to Ouchi, American industry is dominated by __________ firms. These firms emphasize short-term employment, individual decision making and responsibility, rapid evaluation and promotion, explicit control, and specialized career paths. a. type X b. type Y c. type Z d. type A e. type J

d. Type A

All of the following are relevant areas for employment tests except a. aptitudes. b. skills. c. abilities. d. job-related knowledge. e. all of the above are relevant areas for employment tests.

e. All of the above are relevant areas for employment

The Hawthorne studies revealed that employees who are happy and satisfied with their work will perform better. Out of this study and others like it, the __________ movement was born. a. human relations b. piece-rate c. social acceptance d. worker loyalty e. group dynamics

a. Human Relations

All of the following are accurate statements about the expectancy theory except that a. it is easy to apply. b. there are various reasons why employees work. c. the reasons people work may change. d. it is necessary to show employees how to attain the outcomes they desire. e. it is a very complex model of motivation.

a. It is easy to apply

Which of the following motivational techniques involves expanding a worker's assignments to include additional but similar tasks? a. Job enlargement b. Job enhancement c. Job redesign d. Job sharing e. Management by objectives (MBO)

a. Job Enlargement

The process of determining the relative worth of various jobs in a firm is called a. job evaluation. b. wage structure. c. job analysis. d. job specification. e. a benefits plan.

a. Job Evaluation

The hierarchy of human needs was developed by a. Maslow. b. Taylor. c. McGregor. d. Treybig. e. Herzberg

a. Maslow

Herzberg concluded from his studies that managers should focus on __________ factors to produce long-term decisions from their employees. a. motivation b. hygiene c. both motivation and hygiene d. satisfier e. working condition

a. Motivation

Employee benefits are a. nonmonetary rewards. b. monetary rewards. c. required. d. usually not viewed as being part of one's total compensation. e. temporary incentives.

a. Nonmonetary Rewards

All of the following are characteristics of McGregor's Theory X except a. people have the ability to help accomplish an organization's goals. b. people dislike work and try to avoid it. c. managers must coerce, control, and threaten employees. d. people must be led because they have little ambition. e. people are concerned mainly with security

a. People have the ability to help accomplish an organization's goals

Assessing employees' performance levels to make objective personnel decisions is accomplished by a. performance appraisals. b. skills inventories. c. training and development. d. job evaluations. e. job analyses.

a. Performance Appraisals

Another name for human resources management is __________________ management. a. personnel b. corporate c. administrative d. operations e. marketing

a. Personnel

Which of the following forms of reinforcement is considered the most effective? a. Positive reinforcement b. Continual, repetitive reinforcement c. Negative reinforcement d. Extinction e. Disciplinary reinforcement

a. Positive Reinforcement

Some union agreements state that current employees must be informed of upcoming new openings. This practice is called job a. posting. b. advertising. c. description. d. announcement. e. specification

a. Posting

All of the following are sources of external recruiting except a. promotion of a current employee. b. newspaper advertising. c. recruiting on college campuses. d. using employment agencies. e. using recommendations of present employees.

a. Promotion of a current employee

Behavior modification as applied to business management is mainly based on a. reinforcement theory. b. equity theory. c. Theory X. d. employee participation. e. having an all-salaried workforce.

a. Reinforcement Theory

A list of key personnel as well as possible successors within a firm is called a__________. a. replacement chart. b. a skills inventory. c. management inventory. d. a wage survey. e. performance appraisal.

a. Replacement Chart

All of the following are examples of Herzberg's hygiene factors except a. responsibility. b. supervision. c. pay. d. working conditions. e. job security.

a. Responsibility

Which of the following is an example of Herzberg's motivation factors? a. Responsibility b. Supervision c. Pay d. Working conditions e. Job security

a. Responsibility

The U.S. Army's motto to "be all that you can be" relates most closely to the __________ level of needs. a. self-actualization b. esteem c. physiological d. social e. safety

a. Self-Actualization

A sense of belonging is a characteristic of which need level? a. Social b. Esteem c. Self-actualization d. Safety e. Physiological

a. Social

The second stage of team development, in which teams begin to develop concrete goals, is called a. storming. b. forming. c. norming. d. organizing. e. grouping.

a. Storming

Theory X by Douglas McGregor is generally consistent with which other theory? a. Taylor's b. Herzberg's c. Maslow's d. Treybig's e. Hawthorne's

a. Taylor's

In the second set of Hawthorne experiments dealing with the piece-rate system, the main conclusion was that a. the pressure of social acceptance affects production. b. a sense of involvement affects production. c. variations in lighting affect production. d. the piece-rate method affects production. e. only the amount of pay affects production.

a. The pressure of social acceptance affects production

Job evaluation is almost always the basis for developing a a. wage survey. b. wage structure. c. bonus system. d. profit-sharing program. e. performance appraisal.

b. Wage Structure

All of the following are examples of Herzberg's motivation factors except a. achievement. b. working conditions. c. recognition. d. responsibility. e. advancement and growth.

b. Working Conditions

Which of the following is one of Herzberg's hygiene factors? a. Achievement b. Working conditions c. Recognition d. Responsibility e. Advancement

b. Working Conditions

The average cost of employee benefits is about __________ percent of total compensation. a. 8 b. 21 c. 29 d. 33 e. 36

c. 29

A large manufacturing company has found that younger employees tend to have fewer medical problems than workers over 40. Therefore, management decided to hire only workers under 40 to reduce company health insurance costs. This is illegal under the a. Civil Rights Act of 1964. b. Occupational Safety and Health Act. c. Age Discrimination in Employment Act. d. Equal Pay Act. e. Older Workers Equal Employment Opportunity Act.

c. Age Discrimination in Employment Act

An indirect reward given in addition to an employee's regular pay is known as a. profit-sharing. b. a lump-sum salary increase. c. an employee benefit. d. pay for time not worked. e. commission.

c. An Employee Benefit

A key technique for increasing employee motivation is a. scientific management. b. Theory X. c. behavior modification. d. EEM. e. modification of expectations.

c. Behavior Modification

The reinforcement theory says that people are motivated a. by receiving promotions. b. by receiving a reward in accordance with their performance. c. by receiving rewards or punishment based on their behavior. d. only by their achievements. e. by receiving primarily negative reinforcement.

c. By receiving rewards or punishment based on their behavior

The policies and strategies pertaining to employee compensation comprise a a. performance appraisal. b. profit-sharing system. c. compensation system. d. wage survey. e. job evaluation.

c. Compensation System

According to Theory X by McGregor, managers assume that employees a. do not naturally dislike work. b. will work toward goals they are committed to. c. dislike work and need to be controlled. d. have the potential to accomplish organizational goals. e. seek out and accept responsibility.

c. Dislike work and need to be controlled

A firm attempting to reduce the size of its workforce may use several approaches. The approach most likely to be saved as a last resort is a. attrition. b. early retirement. c. firing. d. hiring freeze. e. layoff.

c. Firing

The first stage of team development is a. beginning. b. starting. c. forming. d. creation. e. inauguration.

c. Forming

Employee compensation systems are generally developed and administered by_______, and pay increases and promotions are usually recommended by________ a. top management; HRM specialists b. unions; line managers c. HRM specialists; line managers d. top management; unions e. professional HR consultants; HRM staff personnel

c. HRM Specialists; Line Managers

Theory Y is most suitable in a work situation in which workers are a. in need of close supervision. b. just beginning to learn their jobs. c. highly motivated. d. unskilled. e. none of the above

c. Highly Motivated

A wage is a specific amount of money paid per a. month. b. week. c. hour. d. year. e. minute.

c. Hour

The Hawthorne studies showed that __________ are equal to salary motivation. a. work surroundings b. increases in money c. human factors d. working tools e. the ways salaries are earned

c. Human Factors

For employee empowerment to work effectively, management must be involved and must perform all of the following functions except a. communicate standards. b. institute periodic evaluations. c. guarantee follow-up. d. retain top-down management controls. e. set expectations.

d. Retain top-down management controls

A situation in which participants act out the roles of others so that they can better understand those roles is called a. simulation training. b. conferences. c. on-the-job training. d. role-playing. e. seminars

d. Role-Playing

Which of the following is not a physiological need? a. Sleep b. Shelter c. Food and water d. Safe working conditions e. Clothing

d. Safe Working Conditions

In providing health insurance for its employees, IBM is probably satisfying which level of need? a. Physiological b. Esteem c. Self-realization d. Safety e. Social

d. Safety

Fred Saunders receives $50,000 a year as a manager. This type of compensation is called a. benefits. b. bonus. c. shift premium. d. salary. e. time wage.

d. Salary

The need for esteem concerns an employee's desire for a. safety. b. survival. c. a sense of belonging. d. self-worth. e. self-direction

d. Self-worth

Under ADA, employers are required to provide reasonable accommodation. Which of the following is an example of reasonable accommodation? a. Company-provided lodging for the disabled b. Company-provided transportation for the blind c. Additional paid vacation for the mentally ill d. Sign language interpreters for the deaf e. Personal assistants for the disabled

d. Sign language interpreters for the deaf

Of the different forms of performance feedback interviews, which is the one whereby both the superior and the employee conduct an appraisal on that employee? a. Tell-and-sell b. Problem-solving c. Objective d. Tell-and-listen e. Judgmental

d. Tell-and-Listen

A specific amount of money paid for each hour of work is called a. salary. b. wage. c. benefits. d. bonus. e. compensation.

b. Wage

Teaching employees new jobs, skills, and more effective ways of doing their present jobs is called a. employee training. b. job evaluation. c. performance appraisal. d. compensation system. e. skills inventory.

a. Employee Training

The motivation-hygiene theory was developed by a. Herzberg. b. McGregor. c. Maslow. d. Taylor. e. Hawthorne.

a. Herzberg

Whether or not secretaries are paid more than file clerks depends on the nature of a firm's _________ structure. a. promotion b. wage c. organizational d. evaluation e. profit-sharing

b. Wage

Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 addresses the issue of workplace discrimination based on all of the following except a. age. b. sex. c. race. d. color. e. religion.

a. Age

All of the following are examples of employee benefits except a. an end-of-year bonus. b. health insurance packages. c. pay for time not worked. d. workers' compensation insurance. e. unemployment insurance.

a. An End-of-Year Bonus

South Carolina is facing budget cuts. The number of employees needs to be reduced over the next three years at all state agencies. The state decides to stop hiring new employees to fill vacated positions to comply with budgetary constraints. This approach is called a. attrition. b. natural turnover. c. layoffs. d. passive firing. e. downsizing

a. Attrition

The most humane form of workforce reduction is a. attrition. b. layoff. c. early retirement. d. termination. e. employee strikes.

a. Attrition

The reduction in the workforce that normally occurs when employees leave a company is called a. attrition. b. retirement. c. layoff. d. termination. e. reduction.

a. Attrition

The systematic use of reinforcement to encourage desirable organizational behavior is called a. behavior modification. b. replacement theory. c. equity theory. d. expectancy theory. e. reinforcement theory.

a. Behavior Modification

The expectancy theory says that people are motivated a. by how much they want and the chance they have of getting it. b. only by their achievements. c. by receiving pay equal to that of all other employees. d. by the satisfaction of doing their job well. e. by all of the above.

a. By how much they want and the chance they have of getting it

Performance feedback is most effective when managers a. communicate tactfully and honestly with employees being appraised. b. stress the feedback interview more than the evaluation interview. c. stress positive performance and downplay negative performance. d. stress the evaluation interview more than the feedback interview. e. evaluate their subordinates on a daily basis

a. Communicate tactfully and honestly with employees being appraised

Suppose your state has enacted a law that demands equal compensation for jobs requiring about the same level of education, training, and skills. This concept is called a. comparable worth. b. profit-sharing. c. a golden parachute. d. variable worth. e. bonus sharing.

a. Comparable Worth

The concepts of Theory X and Theory Y were advanced by a. Douglas McGregor. b. Abraham Maslow. c. Frederick Herzberg. d. Frederick W. Taylor. e. William Ouchi.

a. Douglas McGregor

A government agency has assigned a staff member to investigate complaints about employment discrimination at XYZ Corporation. The staff person probably works for the a. EEOC. b. NLRB. c. OSHA. d. FTC. e. EPA

a. EEOC

What is the problem-solving approach to performance feedback interviews? a. This type of approach allows the employee to give herself her own performance evaluation and to set her own goals while discussing them with her superior. b. In this type of interview, the employee may come to the superior at any time and ask how she is doing and express any problems she is having so that they might come up with solutions together. c. This is when the superior has only negative results of a performance appraisal to discuss with her employee. Thus, they spend a great deal of time coming up with solutions to the many problems the employee is having. d. In this approach, the superior conveys both the good and bad aspects of the appraisal with the employee, and she then offers the employee solutions for the areas needing improvement. e. In this type of interview, the superior tells the employee what has been right and wrong, she gives the employee a chance to respond, and then they come up with agreed-upon solutions to the problems at hand.

a. This type of approach allows the employee to give herself her own performance evaluation and to set her own goals while discussing them with her superior

A manager who believes that employee motivation depends on how much we want something and on how likely we think we are to get it is using a. Vroom's expectancy theory. b. Herzberg's two-factor theory. c. Maslow's hierarchy of needs. d. McGregor's Theory Y. e. Taylor's scientific management.

a. Vroom's expectancy Theory

A collection of data on prevailing wage rates in an industry or geographic area is called a(n) a. wage survey. b. job evaluation. c. job analysis. d. performance appraisal. e. industry average.

a. Wage Survey

A computerized data bank containing information on the skills and experience of all employees is called a. a replacement chart. b. a skills inventory. c. a compensation survey. d. management development. e. a human resources inventory

b. A Skills Inventory

In the first set of Hawthorne experiments dealing with lighting, the main conclusion was that a. the pressure of social acceptance affects production. b. a sense of involvement affects production. c. variations in lighting affect production. d. the piece-rate method affects production. e. only the amount of pay affects production.

b. A sense of involvement affects production

The executive orders that prescribe that employers actively encourage job applications from members of minority groups and hire qualified employees from minority groups that are not fully represented in their organization is known as . a. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 b. affirmative action c. Age Discrimination in Employment Act d. Fair Labor Standards Act e. Affirmative Diversity

b. Affirmative Action

The recent act that requires an organization with fifty or more employees to make health insurance available to employees or pay an assessment so employees can purchase their own health insurance is known as the Act. a. Family and Medical Leave b. Affordable Care c. Occupational Safety and Health d. Worker Adjustment and Health e. National Labor Relations

b. Affordable Care

Periodically, employees at Southwest Airlines complete satisfaction surveys that management uses to improve employee job satisfaction. This is an example of a. job analysis. b. employee relations. c. human resources planning. d. performance appraisal. e. employee communication programs.

b. Employee Relations

Under the equity theory, when a worker feels under-rewarded, he or she may take all of the following actions except a. reduce input by working less. b. forget about it. c. ask for a raise. d. leave the work situation. e. do a new comparison to verify the other one.

b. Forget about it

Employment applications are used for two purposes: to familiarize interviewers with applicants' backgrounds and to a. assess their aptitudes, skills, and abilities. b. identify applicants who are worthy of further scrutiny. c. get a better indication of applicants' communication skills-both written and verbal. d. determine whether they want to select the applicants for hire. e. find out if applicants know anyone who currently works at the company.

b. Identify applicants who are worthy of further scrutiny

Perhaps the most widely used selection technique is the a. employment test. b. interview. c. assessment center. d. employment application. e. reference check.

b. Interview

All employers are required by law to provide certain benefits to their employees. An example of such a benefit would be a. health insurance. b. unemployment insurance. c. reduced-price cafeterias. d. pension programs. e. life insurance.

b. Unemployment Insurance

A performance appraisal serves all of the following purposes except which of the following? a. It lets workers know how well they are doing. b. It allows the employee to see where he or she ranks against all the other employees in the company. c. It provides an effective basis for distributing rewards. d. It lets workers know how they can do better in the future. e. It helps the organization monitor its employee selection, training, and development activities.

b. It allows the employee to see where he or she ranks against all the other employees in the company

Which of the following is not a type of team? a. Problem-solving team b. Job-share team c. Self-managed team d. Cross-functional team e. Virtual team

b. Job-Share Team

The type of pay raise in which the employee can receive the entire amount of the increase at the beginning of the year is called a(n) a. incentive payment. b. lump-sum salary increase. c. commission salary increase. d. gain-sharing salary increase. e. percentage-of-salary payment.

b. Lump-sum Salary Increase

A contemporary manager who wants employees to have more control over their work might implement either a. the Theory X or Theory Y system. b. MBO or job enrichment. c. job enrichment or the Theory X system. d. MBO or a reward system that emphasizes Theory X. e. Theory X and Theory Y.

b. MBO or job enrichment

MBO stands for a. managing by organizing. b. management by objectives. c. management by others. d. motivation by objective. e. management by orders

b. Management by Objectives

Training may be used in an organization to educate employees on all of the following except a. product information. b. motivation. c. business ethics. d. customer service. e. technical aspects of the job.

b. Motivation

Under Herzberg's theory, when __________ factors are present in the work environment, they act as satisfiers; when __________ factors are absent, they act as dissatisfiers. a. Theory X; Theory Y b. motivation; hygiene c. physiological; self-realization d. Theory Y; Theory X e. hygiene; motivation

b. Motivation; Hegiene

The act that OSHA was created to enforce is the __________ Act. a. National Labor Relations b. Occupational Safety and Health c. Employee Retirement Income Security d. Age Discrimination in Employment e. 1964 Civil Rights

b. Occupational Safety and Health

Usually, the human resources department administers a(n) program to introduce new employees to the organization. a. job selection b. orientation c. employee training d. on-the-job training e. job rotation

b. Orientation

If the superior's job with a particular employee during a performance appraisal is simply to sit and listen and then have open dialogue about all that the employee has shared, what type of performance appraisal interview is this? a. Tell-and-listen b. Problem-solving c. Tell-and-sell d. Objective e. Judgmental

b. Problem-Solving

The three types of performance feedback interviews are tell-and-listen, tell-and-sell, and a. objective. b. problem-solving. c. judgmental. d. MBO. e. self-evaluative.

b. Problem-Solving

As a human resources specialist, you were asked to briefly summarize the disadvantages of using internal recruiting. You have started your report by stating, "The main disadvantage of internal recruiting is that a. there may be resentment among employees." b. promotion leaves another position to be filled." c. it helps hold on to quality personnel." d. job posting may be required." e. it brings in unfamiliar ideas and perspectives."

b. Promotion leaves another position to be filled"

Workplace diversity refers to the differences among people in a workforce due to a. social background, ethnicity, and race. b. race, ethnicity, and gender. c. gender, race, and education. d. race, religion, and sexual orientation. e. education, ethnicity, and gender.

b. Race, Ethnicity, and Gender

Gathering information about applicants for a position and choosing the most appropriate applicant is called a. recruitment. b. selection. c. orientation. d. evaluation. e. employing.

b. Selection

The most difficult need to satisfy is a. safety. b. self-actualization. c. esteem. d. social. e. physiological

b. Self-Actualization

A list specifying qualifications necessary for a particular position is called a job a. description. b. specification. c. analysis. d. orientation. e. inventory

b. Specification

The motivational technique that is made possible through the use of personal computers, modems, fax machines, voice mail, cellular phones, and overnight delivery service is referred to as a. job enrichment. b. telecommuting. c. job redesign. d. employee empowerment. e. flextime.

b. Telecommuting

After informing his employer that he had cancer, Maury was abruptly fired. The federal legislation that prohibits discrimination against qualified individuals with disabilities is a. the Fair Labor Standards Act. b. the Americans with Disabilities Act. c. the Equal Pay Act. d. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. e. the National Labor Relations Act.

b. The Americans with Disabilities Act

Which of the following laws of the 1930s, 1960s, and 1970s was enacted to enforce the same rate of pay for similar effort, skill, and responsibility in a job position? a. The Fair Labor Standards Act b. The Equal Pay Act c. The Civil Rights Act d. The Employee Retirement Income Security Act e. The National Labor Relations Act

b. The Equal Pay Act

Critics of comparable worth argue that a. laws should be enacted to assist the market's pricing mechanism. b. the market has determined the worth of certain female-dominated jobs. c. artificially inflating salaries for female-dominated occupations would bring about equality. d. states have not enacted laws requiring equal pay for comparable work in government positions. e. this issue encourages women to keep their low-paying jobs rather than seek higher-paying ones.

b. The market has been determined the worth of certain female-dominated jobs.

Upper management needs to know the results of training evaluations because a. only top managers should know the results. b. the results may be the basis for making decisions about the training program itself. c. training is inexpensive. d. all training is cost effective. e. all employees need training.

b. The results may be the basis for making decisions about the training program itself

Information on evolving technologies, industry staffing practices, projected economic trends, the particular company's future business ventures, new products, and projected expansions or contractions of certain product lines can be helpful in predicting a. human resources supply. b. the level of industry unemployment. c. human resources demand. d. the quality of new applicants in the job market. e. trends in the global market with regard to new skills.

c. Human Resources Demand

A motivation tool that attempts to provide workers with more tasks and more control over these tasks is a. compressed work schedules. b. employee participation. c. job enrichment. d. modified work weeks. e. job rotation.

c. Job Enrichment

Job redesign is a type of __________ in which work is restructured in ways that cultivate the worker-job match. a. behavior modification b. employee empowerment c. job enrichment d. job enlightenment e. job enlargement

c. Job Enrichment

All of the following are usually paid an hourly wage except workers in a. clerical positions. b. retailing. c. management. d. assembly lines. e. fast food.

c. Management

All of the following are assumptions of Theory Y except a. people will work toward goals to which they are committed. b. work is an important part of people's lives. c. managers must coerce and control workers to achieve organizational goals. d. organizations generally do not make full use of their human resources. e. people often seek out and willingly accept responsibility.

c. Managers must coerce and control workers to achieve organizational goals

Which of the following strengthens desired behavior by eliminating an undesirable task or situation? a. Punishment b. Positive reinforcement c. Negative reinforcement d. Behavior modification e. Neutral reinforcement

c. Negative Reinforcement

A training method by which a trainee learns by working with an experienced employee is called a. simulation training. b. role-playing. c. on-the-job training. d. classroom teaching. e. seminars.

c. On-the-Job Training

Sleep relates most directly to which level of need? a. Esteem b. Self-actualization c. Physiological d. Social e. Safety

c. Physiological

Which of the following is not a level in Maslow's hierarchy of needs? a. Self-actualization b. Safety c. Psychological d. Social e. Esteem

c. Physiological

All of the following are common methods of obtaining information about applicants except a. employment applications. b. tests. c. private investigators. d. interviews. e. references.

c. Private Investigators

People who can verify background information and provide personal evaluations of candidates are called a. informants. b. colleagues. c. references. d. assessors. e. paraprofessionals.

c. References

An action directly following a particular behavior is called a(n) a. activator. b. motivator. c. reinforcement. d. extinction. e. expectant.

c. Reinforcement

Job security, health insurance, and safe working conditions are all characteristics of which needs level? a. Self-actualization b. Esteem c. Safety d. Physiological e. Social

c. Safety

The interview is part of a. recruiting. b. orientation. c. selection. d. training. e. HRM development.

c. Selection

Leading Lady, a manufacturer of maternity wear, maintains a database of information that records the various skills and abilities of its employees. This database can be referred to as a a. replacement record. b. skill appraisal system. c. skills inventory. d. skills database. e. replacement chart.

c. Skills Inventory

The team member that places the team's goals first is fulfilling what role? a. Leadership b. Team advocate c. Task specialist d. Expert e. Virtuoso

c. Task Specialist

Two or more workers functioning together to achieve a common goal or purpose is called a a. unit. b. force. c. team. d. business unit. e. task force

c. Team

Which of the following is not a compensation decision? a. The wage-level decision b. The individual-wage decision c. The wage-cut decision d. The wage-structure decision e. Both C and D

c. The Wage-Cut Decision

What happens to a problem-solving team after the assigned problem has been tackled? a. Team members receive a promotion. b. Team members are fired. c. The team is disbanded. d. The team is given another problem. e. The team is given a party.

c. The team is disbanded

What is the main weakness of Maslow's hierarchy of needs and Herzberg's motivation-hygiene theory? a. They are too complicated to be of any practical value to managers. b. They do not specify what motivates people. c. They do not explain why or how motivation is developed and sustained. d. They offer no improvement from the scientific management theory. e. They apply only to large organizations and have no value for smaller companies.

c. They do not explain why or how motivation is developed and sustained

A firm characterized by lifetime employment, collective decision making, collective responsibility, slow evaluation and promotion, implied control, nonspecialized career paths, and a holistic concern for employees is called a. type A. b. type Z. c. type J. d. type X. e. type Y.

c. Type J

Two useful tools for estimating the supply of needed human resources are the a. recruiting chart and skills inventory. b. employee survey and skills chart. c. performance appraisal and replacement chart. d. replacement chart and skills inventory. e. skills inventory and attrition graph.

d. Replacement Chart and Skills Inventory

__________ is a payment representing some percentage of sales revenue. a. Profit-sharing b. A bonus c. A salary d. A commission e. A wage

d. A Commission

A type of compensation that is some percentage of sales revenue is a. an hourly wage. b. a bonus. c. profit-sharing. d. a commission. e. salary.

d. A commission

All of the following are examples of hygiene factors that can cause dissatisfaction except a. supervision. b. pay. c. job security. d. achievement. e. both A and D

d. Achievement

The president of the United States established the requirements for affirmative action in human resources practices among a. all employers. b. employers on a voluntary basis. c. small employers with at least fifteen employees. d. all employers with fifty or more employees holding federal contracts in excess of $50,000. e. employers that never thought about establishing an affirmative action plan.

d. All employers with fifty or more employees holding federal contracts in excess of $ 50,000

The development phase of human resources management consists of two important activities: (1) training and development (2) and a. job analysis. b. recruiting. c. motivating. d. appraising performance. e. orientation.

d. Appraising Performance

The key to successful training and development programs is to a. be sure they are worth the time taken to conduct them. b. be sure that the employees participating in them actually need that specific training. c. go into the training session with a range of possible, but all positive, outcomes. d. clearly state the objective to be achieved and be sure that the objective is measurable. e. be sure the employees participating are aware that they will be evaluated at the end of the session.

d. Clearly state the objective to be achieved and be sure that the objective is measurable

The end result of the Hawthorne studies was an unexpected one, which found that a. employees work faster if there is better lighting. b. employees work faster if they are given a standard goal of output to meet. c. employees work faster in a group atmosphere rather than individually. d. employees' motivation to work is influenced by human factors. e. employees work more slowly if they feel they are being watched.

d. Employees' motivation to work is influenced by human factors

__________ means giving employees greater involvement in their jobs and the organization's operations by increasing their participation in decision making. a. Behavior modification b. Flextime c. Job sharing d. Empowerment e. Job enlargement

d. Empowerment

A form of compensation whereby the employee receives a predetermined amount of benefit dollars to spend on a benefits package he or she has selected to meet individual needs is called a(n) a. flexible compensation plan. b. employee benefits plan. c. Social Security account. d. flexible benefit plan. e. optional benefits package.

d. Flexible Benefit Plan

Generally, human resources management is a responsibility shared by line managers and a. top management. b. unions. c. foremen. d. HRM specialists. e. vestibule centers.

d. HRM Specialists

For a cultural diversity program to be successful, it is essential that a. the employees themselves initiate the program. b. it be given a set time frame in which to show positive results. c. those who participate get a pay bonus for taking time out of their normal work schedule to participate. d. it has a strong, sustained commitment from top leadership. e. it be unstructured and free-flowing so that employees feel free to say whatever is on their minds.

d. It has a strong, sustained commitment from top leadership

Activities that increase employee satisfaction such as satisfaction surveys, employee communication programs, exit interviews, and fair treatment are all part of which phase of the human resources management process? a. Benefits and compensation b. Job analysis c. Developing human resources d. Maintaining human resources e. Acquiring human resources

d. Maintaining Human Resources

The technique in which managers and subordinates collaborate on setting goals and reviewing performance is a. motivation by organization. b. management by observation. c. maintaining better output. d. management by objectives. e. motivation by openness.

d. Management by Objectives

Which of the following type of worker is usually paid on a salary plan? a. Clerical b. Retail c. Fast-food d. Manager e. Assembly-line

d. Manager

__________ evaluation methods use some measurable quantity as the basis for assessing performance. a. Appraisal b. Judgmental c. MBA d. Objective e. Feedback

d. Objective

The stage of team development in which a team reaches its full potential is called a. forming. b. storming. c. norming. d. performing. e. adjourning.

d. Performing

The theory stating that rewarded behavior is likely to be repeated and that punished behavior is less likely to recur is called a. expectancy theory. b. Theory Y. c. equity theory. d. reinforcement theory. e. Theory X.

d. Reinforcement Theory

One of the main reasons employers offer employees flexible benefits plans is a. to keep them healthier so that they will not be out sick as much. b. to cut costs of benefits administration. c. because most people have fairly similar needs and thus want the same benefits. d. employers cannot afford to offer employees any and all benefits. e. because employees have diverse needs, and choosing their own benefits package will better meet those needs.

e. Because employees have diverse needs, and choosing their own benefits package will better meet those needs

The need for self-actualization concerns an employee's desire for a. safety. b. survival. c. a sense of belonging. d. self-worth. e. becoming the best there is.

e. Becoming the best there is

When people from a variety of different countries and educational and work experience backgrounds come together to work on a project, they often have varying perspectives on given issues. This benefits the company in the form of a. lower costs. b. resource acquisition. c. matching supply with demand. d. strong competitive advantages. e. better problem solving.

e. Better Problem Solving

The equity theory states that people are motivated a. only by their achievements. b. by receiving pay equal to that of all other employees. c. by the satisfaction of doing their jobs well. d. by receiving promotions. e. by receiving a reward commensurate with their performance.

e. By receiving a reward commensurate with their performance

__________ is the pay that employees receive in return for their labor. a. Merit pay b. Incentive pay c. Comparable worth d. Commission e. Compensation

e. Compensation

The Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 and its amended version in 1986 apply directly to a. wages. b. equal pay for equal work. c. selection and promotion. d. employee health and safety. e. discrimination based on age.

e. Discrimination based on age

For job enrichment to benefit the company, what must happen first? a. There must be an obvious need for it due to inefficiencies in the firm. b. Employers must have exhausted all other possibilities in an effort to improve the efficiency of the firm. c. Employers must train their associates on new job tasks before assigning them these new tasks. d. Employers must have employees who fear failure and have low self-confidence. e. Employees must show interest in taking on other tasks.

e. Employees must show interest in taking on other tasks

The theory that people are motivated first to achieve and then to receive rewards in proportion to their contribution is called a. reinforcement. b. hierarchy of needs. c. expectancy. d. motivation. e. equity.

e. Equity

A strong sense of accomplishment probably satisfies which level of need? a. Physiological b. Self-actualization c. Social d. Safety e. Esteem

e. Esteem

Managers who rely on __________ as a form of negative reinforcement will ignore an undesired behavior in the hope that it will go away. a. neglect b. punishment c. reprimand d. elimination e. extinction

e. Extinction

According to Theory Y by McGregor, managers think people a. are concerned mainly with security. b. must be led because they have little ambition. c. dislike work and try to avoid it. d. must be coerced, controlled, and threatened. e. have the ability to help accomplish an organization's goals.

e. Have the ability to help accomplish an organization's goals.

All of the following are elements of an effective employee reward system except a. enabling employees to satisfy basic needs. b. providing competitive rewards. c. distributing rewards fairly in the organization. d. recognizing that different people have different needs. e. maximizing the amount of money spent on employee compensation.

e. Maximizing the amount of money spent on employee compensation

You have been asked to develop an effective reward system for Kroger stores. In designing such a system, you should strive to meet all of the following objectives except a. enabling employees to satisfy their basic needs. b. providing rewards comparable to those offered by other firms. c. distributing rewards fairly within the organization. d. recognizing that different people have different needs. e. maximizing the amount spent on compensation.

e. Maximizing the amount spent on compensation

Who was responsible for developing Theory X and Theory Y? a. Maslow b. Taylor c. Treybig d. Herzberg e. McGregor

e. McGregor

Victor Vroom's expectancy theory is based on the very simple assumption that a. people will do whatever it takes to achieve their goals. b. people won't bother to try to achieve a goal if they don't think they are likely to achieve it. c. motivation is based on the expectation of equitable treatment. d. motivation is based on an employee's understanding of what management expects her or him to accomplish. e. motivation depends on how much people want something and how likely they are to get it.

e. Motivation depends on how much people want something and likely they are to get it

The distribution of a percentage of a firm's profits among its employees is called a. an incentive payment. b. employee benefits. c. a tax shelter. d. remuneration. e. profit-sharing.

e. Profit-Sharing

The process of attracting qualified job applicants is called a. development. b. orientation. c. selection. d. training. e. recruiting

e. Recruiting

Which of the following stages is not a part of the team development process? a. Forming b. Performing c. Norming d. Adjourning e. Remanding

e. Remanding

The team member concerned with the emotional needs of others is fulfilling what role? a. Caregiver b. Psychologist c. Mother hen d. Leadership e. Socioemotional

e. Socioemotional

There are three forms of performance feedback interviews. In the tell-and-sell approach, the a. employee tells his superior how he thinks he has performed and tries to sell the superior on how great he is. b. employee listens as the superior tells him how bad his performance over the past year has been, and then the superior attempts to get him to agree to leave the company. c. superior tells the employee what his perception of the employee's performance has been, and then the employee tries to sell him on his view of his own performance. d. superior tells the employee how great his performance has been, and then the superior tries to sell him on accepting a position in another department of the company. e. superior tells the employee how good or bad the employee's performance has been and then attempts to persuade the employee to accept this evaluation.

e. Superior tells the employee how good or bad the employee's performance has been and then attempts to persuade the employee to accept this evaluation

At a large book publishing company like Cengage, we would expect human resources management to be handled by________. At a small local print shop, human resources management would probably be . a. a vice president; completely ignored b. the owner; handled at the vice-presidential level c. a specialist; assigned to the vice president for personnel management d. a departmental secretary; completely ignored e. the personnel manager; the responsibility of the owner

e. The Personnel Manager; The Responsibility of the Owner

When Hewlett-Packard assumes that employees accept responsibility and work toward company goals and thus also achieve personal rewards, it is using a. Theory M (for Maslow). b. scientific management theory. c. Herzberg's theory of reinforcement. d. Theory X. e. Theory Y.

e. Theory Y

A firm emphasizing long-term employment, collective decision making, individual responsibility, slow evaluation and promotion, informal control, moderately specialized career paths, and a holistic concern for employees is known as a. Theory X. b. Theory Y. c. type J. d. type A. e. type Z.

e. Type Z