Exam 4 final review

Water of metabolism is

A by-product of the oxidative metabolism of nutrients

Consuming alcohol increases the need to urinate. This is due to the inhibitory effect of alcohol on

ADH

Find the false statement below, if any, concerning substances called "acids":

Acids dissociate in H2O, and release OH- ions

The renal system does not play a direct role in regulating which of the following?

Body temperature

Water balance and electrolyte balance are interdependent because

Electrolytes are dissolved in water

Urine is formed in a three-step process: which of the following gives the correct order in which these steps take place in the nephron?

Glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, tubular secretion

The movement of water and electrolytes between fluid compartments is regulated by

Hydrostatic and osmotic pressure

Drink too much water without urinating could cause?

Hyponatremia

The ways to increase glomerular filtration rate include

Increasing blood flow to kidneys and blood pressure

What is the effect of ADH on the concentration of the blood plasma and the urine?

It increases the concentration of both blood plasma and urine

As a result of a diseased liver, a man's production of plasma proteins decreased significantly. What effect would this condition have on his GFR? Why?

It would increase the GFR, due to a decrease in osmotic pressure

Trace the flow of urine

Kidney, ureter, bladder, urethra

Which of the following is least likely to be present in the glomerular filtrate (the filtrate produced by the nephron before it enters the loop of Henle) of a healthy adult nephron?

Large molecular proteins

The majority of electrolytes in the body are obtained from __________; the majority of electrolytes are excreted in the __________.

Metabolic reactions; Sweat

Aldosterone would primarily cause the reabsorption of?

Na

The main positively charged ion in the extracellular fluid is ______; the main negative ions in the ECF are ______.

Na+; Cl- and HCO3-

What is micturition?

Normal process by which urine is emptied from the bladder and voided from the body

Which of the following metabolic processes releases hydrogen ions to body fluids

Oxidation of sulfur-containing amino acids, Incomplete oxidation of fatty acids ,Aerobic respiration of glucose, Anaerobic respiration of glucose

Which of the following indicates the parts of a renal tubule in the correct sequence from beginning to end?

Proximal convoluted tubule, descending limb, ascending limb, distal convoluted tubule

A genetic defect causes the proximal convoluted tubules of nephrons to malfunction. Which of the following may NOT occur during urine formation?

Reabsorption of water and glucose

What is a physiological buffer

Renal mechanism

Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys?

Synthesis of plasma proteins.

Fluid found in vitreous and aqueous humors is referred to as

Transcellular fluid

Which type of epithelial tissue lines the ureter, urinary bladder and urethra?

Transitional epithelium

The process by which certain substances are transferred from the renal tubules to the peritubular capillaries is called:

Tubular reabsorption

Which choice describes the countercurrent mechanism of the nephron loop?

Water moves out of the descending limb; sodium moves out of the ascending limb

You are at your cousin's high school graduation party. The only thing good to drink is lemonade. You end up staying at the party for a long time and drinking four large glasses of lemonade. What would you expect to happen to your urine production?

You will produce an increased amount of dilute urine.

Acid-base buffer systems minimize pH changes by

converting strong acids to weak acids.

The respiratory center is most likely to increase the breathing rate if the

pH of body fluids is decreasing.

Hyperventilation leads to

respiratory alkalosis.