Exam #4

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What is the process of amending the US Constitution?

-2/3rd by both house and senate and then 3/4th of states -States call for convention

What laws regulate lobbying activities?

-Foreign agents registration act 1938 -Honest leadership and open government act 2007

Where in the Constitution is the Equal Protection Clause created?

14th amendment

What court case banned the practice of Separate but Equal?

Brown V. Board of Education (1954)

What court case denied slaves legal standing in the United States?

Dred Scott V. Stanford (1865)

What are the four types of interest groups?

Economic, Environmental, Equality, and Public Interest

What is McCulloch v. Maryland?

Established that the Constitution grants implied powers to Congress, and that state action may not obstruct valid constitutional power of the federal government

What are the three classifications of powers in Federalism?

Expressed Powers: Implied Powers: Inherent Powers:

How can the Freedom of Assembly be restrained?

Freedom of assembly can be restrained through the requiring of permits.

What court case dealt with Interstate Commerce?

Gibbons v. Ogden

What court case legally sanctioned internment camps?

Korematsu V. United States (1944)

What court case dealt with public aid to parochial schools?

Meek V. Pettinger (1775)

What court case dealt with police interrogations?

Miranda v. Arizona

What court case created the practice of Separate but Equal?

Plessy V. Ferguson (1896)

What is the role of the 18th amendment?

Prohibition

What legal protections come from the 4th Amendment?

Protects from unreasonable searches and seizures

What protections come from the 3rd Amendment?

Quartering of soldiers

What court case dealt with abortion as a privacy issue?

Roe V. Wade (1973)

What court case banned the practice of busing?

Swann v. Charlotte

What is ordinary scrutiny?

The assumption that the actions of elected bodies and officials are legal under the Constitution.

What is strict scrutiny?

The label given to the most stringent approach taken by courts when reviewing potentially unconstitutional government actions.

What protections come from the 2nd Amendment?

The right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed

What legal protections come from the 5th Amendment?

The right to a grand jury and protects against self-incrimination and forbids double jeopardy

What are the two types of lobbying?

direct and indirect

What clause creates separation of Church & State?

establishment clause

What legal protections come from the 6th-8th Amendments?

everyone accused of a crime is treated in a just way by the courts: the rules are fair; the fair rules have to be applied in a fair way; the fair rules apply to everybody.

What is mobilization?

free rider: The free rider problem refers to the difficulty of obtaining members of a particular interest group when the benefits are already reaped without membership

What are the three classifications of mandates?

funded, unfunded, reducing grants

What is intermediate scrutiny?

government must prove that the classification substantially advances an important government interest. Used in gender based discrimination cases.

What is the role of the 16th amendment?

income tax

What is the comity clause?

prevents a state from treating citizens of other states in a discriminatory manner.

How can the Freedom of the Press be restrained?

prior restraint

What is the role of the 21st amendment?

repealing the 18th Amendment and bringing an end to the era of national prohibition of alcohol in America

What is the "Full Faith and Credit" clause of the Constitution?

requires states to give full faith and credit to the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of the other states.

What is De Jure segregation?

segregation by law

What is De Facto segregation?

segregation that exists by practice and custom

What protections come from the 1st Amendment?

speech, religion, press, assembly, and the right to petition the government


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