Exam 5 (FINAL EXAM)
A 62-year-old man was hospitalized with an eight-day history of fever, chills, sweats, and vomiting. His temperature on admission was 40°C (104°F). A routine peripheral blood smear revealed ring-shaped bodies in the RBCs. What treatment would you prescribe?
mefloquine
Which of the following correctly lists the stages of tooth decay?
plaque accumulation, destruction of enamel, advancement of decay through enamel, decay in dentin, decay in tooth pulp
Helicobacter pylori can grow in the stomach because it
possesses an enzyme that neutralizes HCl.
On October 5, a pet store sold a kitten that subsequently died. On October 22, rabies was diagnosed in the kitten. Between September 19 and October 23, the pet store had sold 34 kittens. Approximately 1000 people responded to health care providers following local media alerts. These people were given
postexposure prophylaxis.
All of the following diseases are caused by arbovirus EXCEPT
primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM).
Which of the following is NOT a zoonosis?
puerperal sepsis
Which of the following pairs is mismatched? acute bacterial endocarditis - Staphylococcus aureus puerperal sepsis - Staphylococcus aureus subacute bacterial endocarditis - alpha-hemolytic streptococci Burkitt's lymphoma - Epstein-Barr virus rheumatic fever- Streptococcus pyogenes
puerperal sepsis - Staphylococcus aureus
Which of the following pairs is mismatched? rheumatic fever- Streptococcus pyogenes puerperal sepsis - Staphylococcus aureus Burkitt's lymphoma - Epstein-Barr virus acute bacterial endocarditis - Staphylococcus aureus subacute bacterial endocarditis - alpha-hemolytic streptococci
puerperal sepsis - Staphylococcus aureus
All of the following are protective factors of the skin and its secretions EXCEPT
pyocyanin production.
Scrapings from a patient's rash reveal cercariae. The disease is most likely
swimmer's itch.
A characteristic symptom of plague is
swollen lymph nodes.
Which one of the following is diagnosed by detection of antibodies against the causative agent?
syphilis
Which one of the following is treated with penicillin?
syphilis
Initial treatment for tetanus in a fully immunized person with a puncture wound is
tetanus toxoid (inactivated tetanus toxin) booster.
Which of the following is evidence that the arthritis afflicting children in Lyme, Connecticut, was due to bacterial infection?
treatable with penicillin
Which one of the following pairs is mismatched? syphilis - gram-negative spirochete Correct! trichomoniasis - fungus gonorrhea - gram-negative cocci chancroid - gram-negative rod Gardnerella - clue cells
trichomoniasis - fungus
Which of the following is used to treat herpetic keratitis?
trifluridine
Which of the following is NOT typically treated with penicillin?
tularemia
Yellow fever
was eradicated from the U.S. in the early 1900s.
Which of the following helminthic diseases is a common infestation found in the southeastern United States?
Ascaris lumbricoides
An eight-year-old girl in rural Wisconsin has chills, headache, and fever and reports having been bitten by mosquitoes. How would you confirm your diagnosis of arboviral encephalitis?
ELISA test for IgM antibodies
Which of the following is mismatched? Taenia solium - cysticerosis hookworm infestation - heavy infections may cause pica Correct! Echinococcus granulosus - most benign of human tapeworm infections pinworm infestation - humans ingest parasite's eggs trichinellosis - humans eat larva of parasite in undercooked meat
Echinococcus granulosus - most benign of human tapeworm infections
Which of the following pairs is NOT correctly matched for Gram reaction?
Ehrlichia - gram-positive
Cystitis is most often caused by
Escherichia coli.
The most common cause of traveler's diarrhea is
Escherichia coli.
Which of the following statements about schistosomiasis is FALSE?
It is caused by a roundworm.
Which is NOT true regarding Rocky Mountain spotted fever?
It is most common in the Rocky Mountain region.
Which of the following statements about sepsis is FALSE? It most always is self-limiting It may be aggravated by antibiotics. It usually is caused by gram-positive bacteria. Lymphangitis may occur. Symptoms include fever and decreased blood pressure.
It most always is self-limiting
Which of the following statements about Reye syndrome is FALSE?
It mostly affects older adults.
Which of the following statements about toxoplasmosis is FALSE? It can be congenital. It typically is a severe illness in adults. It is caused by a protozoan. It is transmitted by the gastrointestinal route. The reservoir is cats.
It typically is a severe illness in adults.
Unsanitary and crowded conditions increase the incidence of all of the following diseases EXCEPT
Rocky Mountain spotted fever.
A pelvic examination of a 23-year-old woman showed vesicles and ulcerated lesions on her labia. Cultures were negative for Neisseria and Chlamydia; the VDRL test was negative. Which treatment is appropriate?
acyclovir
Which of the following can be transmitted from an infected mother to her fetus across the placenta?
cytomegalovirus
causative agent - Trypanosoma cruzi reservoir - rodents vector - kissing bug treatment - nifurtimox diagnosis of acute phase - serological tests for antibodies
diagnosis of acute phase - serological tests for antibodies
Diagnosis of rabies is confirmed by
direct fluorescent-antibody test.
Which of the following pairs is mismatched? dengue - Aedes (mosquito) Correct! encephalitis - Ixodes (tick) malaria - Anopheles (mosquito) Rocky Mountain spotted fever - Dermacentor (tick) epidemic typhus - Pediculus (louse)
encephalitis - Ixodes (tick)
The symptoms of gas gangrene are due to all of the following EXCEPT
endocarditis
The symptoms of gas gangrene are due to all of the following EXCEPT -hyaluronidase. -endocarditis -proteolytic enzymes. -necrotizing exotoxins. -microbial fermentation.
endocarditis
Epstein-Barr virus has been implicated in all of the following EXCEPT
endocarditis.
Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea is usually preceded by
extended use of antibiotics.
You are examining a scraping of an infected cornea under the brightfield microscope and see eukaryotic cells. This is probably a case of
Acanthomoeba keratitis.
Which one of the following causes a disease characterized by the catarrhal, paroxysmal, and convalescent stages?
Bordetella pertussis
The causative agent of melioidosis is
Burkholderia pseudomallei.
All of the following are eukaryotic organisms that cause diarrheal disease EXCEPT
Campylobacter.
A newborn infant develops a whitish overgrowth on the tongue and inner lips. This newborn is suffering from an infection with
Candida albicans
Which set of pairs is mismatched? Yellow fever - Aedes aegypti Marburg virus -African monkeys Trypanosoma cruzi - Reduviid bug Chikungunya - Anopheles Dengue - Aedes aegypti
Chikungunya - Anopheles
A 30-year-old woman was hospitalized after she experienced convulsions. On examination, she was alert and oriented and complained of a fever, headache, and stiff neck. Any of the following organisms could be responsible for her symptoms EXCEPT
Clostridium botulinum.
All of the following are gram-negative rods that cause gastroenteritis EXCEPT
Clostridium perfringens.
Inhalation of arthroconidia is responsible for infection by which one of the following organisms?
Coccidioides
Which of the following pairs is mismatched? Bacillus - gram-positive endospore-forming rods None of the pairs is mismatched. Brucella - gram-negative aerobic rods Correct! Francisella - gram-positive facultatively anaerobic pleomorphic bacillus Rickettsia - intracellular parasite
Francisella - gram-positive facultatively anaerobic pleomorphic bacillus
Which of the following pairs is mismatched? Rickettsia - intracellular parasite None of the pairs is mismatched. Bacillus - gram-positive endospore-forming rods Correct! Francisella - gram-positive facultatively anaerobic pleomorphic bacillus Brucella - gram-negative aerobic rods
Francisella - gram-positive facultatively anaerobic pleomorphic bacillus
Situation 25.1 Following a county fair, 160 persons complained of gastrointestinal symptoms. Symptoms included diarrhea (84 percent), abdominal cramps (96 percent), nausea (84 percent), vomiting (82 percent), body aches (50 percent), fever (60 percent; median body temperature = 38.3°C); median duration of illness 6 days (range 10 hr to 13 days). In Situation 25.1, fecal samples should be cultured for all of the following EXCEPT
Giardia lamblia.
The patient is suffocating because of an inflamed epiglottis. What is the etiology of the symptoms?
Haemophilus
Which of the following is NOT true of acne?
It can be treated by eliminating fatty foods from the diet.
Which one of the following pairings is mismatched? Mycobacterium - acid-fast rod Correct! Mycoplasma - gram-positive pleomorphic rod Corynebacterium - gram-positive rod Bordetella - gram-negative pleomorphic rod Haemophilus - gram-negative rod
Mycoplasma - gram-positive pleomorphic rod
Which one of the following genera of microorganisms causes gonorrhea?
Neisseria
Which of the following is treated with cephalosporins because the organism is resistant to penicillin and fluoroquinolones?
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Which of the following statements about leprosy is FALSE? - Diagnosis is based on skin biopsy. - It is transmitted by direct contact. - The etiologic agent is acid-fast. - Patients with leprosy must be isolated. - It is rarely fatal.
Patients with leprosy must be isolated.
Poultry products are a likely source of infection by
Salmonella enterica.
Disease-causing exotoxins are produced by all of the following organisms EXCEPT
Shigella dysenteriae.
The patient has a sore throat. What is the etiology of the symptoms?
The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided.
Which of the following statements about salmonellosis is FALSE?
The mortality rate is high.
Which is true of the Mumps virus?
The portal of entry is the respiratory route.
Which disease commonly leads to blindness in parts of the world but can be largely controlled through sanitary practices and health education?
Trachoma
Which one of the following statements about mycoplasmal pneumonia is TRUE? The causative agent is a virus. Correct! Treatment is tetracyclines. Annual vaccination can prevent infection. The symptoms resemble pneumococcal pneumonia. The causative agent cannot be cultured.
Treatment is tetracyclines.
Which of the following organisms is likely to be transmitted via contaminated shrimp?
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Dental plaque is an example of
a biofilm.
Arthropods can serve as a reservoir for all of the following diseases EXCEPT
brucellosis.
Which of the following is caused by an opportunistic pathogen?
candidiasis
Vaginal itching and cheesy discharge are symptoms of
candidiasis.
Which of the following is NOT caused by HSV-1?
canker sores
Which of the following pairs is mismatched? cat-scratch disease - malignant pustule developing into septicemia Borrelia - rash and flulike toxoplasmosis - congenital brain damage tularemia - a localized infection appearing as a small ulcer brucellosis - a temperature of 40°C each evening
cat-scratch disease - malignant pustule developing into septicemia
An eight-year-old girl has scabs and pus-filled vesicles on her face and throat. Three weeks earlier she had visited her grandmother, who had shingles. What infection does the eight-year-old have?
chickenpox
Which of the following pairs is mismatched? Buruli ulcer - Mycobacterium otitis externa - Pseudomonas Correct! chickenpox - poxvirus keratitis - Acanthamoeba conjunctivitis - Chlamydia trachomatis
chickenpox - poxvirus
A patient has pus-filled vesicles and scabs on her face, throat, and lower back. She most likely has
chickenpox.
Which one of the following diseases is NOT correctly matched to its reservoir? psittacosis - parakeets Correct! coccidioidomycosis - air pneumocystis - humans tuberculosis - cattle histoplasmosis - soil
coccidioidomycosis - air
The lower respiratory tract is protected by all of the following EXCEPT
competition with the normal flora of the lungs.
Inflammation of the thin clear membrane lining the eyelid and eye is properly termed
conjunctivitis.
Epidemics related to bacterial infection of the digestive system are typically caused by
contaminated food and water.
Which of the following is the most difficult to treat with chemotherapeutic agents?
genital herpes
Gums bleeding while brushing one's teeth is most commonly associated with
gingivitis.
In Q fever cases, involvement of which organ/system is responsible for the rare fatalities observed?
heart tissue
All of the following are true of chronic fatigue syndrome EXCEPT - it is also known as myalgic encephalomyelitis. - it may be triggered by a viral infection. - it is a psychological disorder. - it often begins with flu-like symptoms that do not go away. - it may have a genetic component.
it is a psychological disorder.
Which of the following is NOT caused by a bacterium? - relapsing fever - epidemic typhus - tickborne typhus - plague - malaria
malaria
Koplik spots are a diagnostic indicator of
measles.
Which of the following is used to treat candidiasis of the skin or mucous membranes? penicillin
miconazole
All of the following are true of poliomyelitis EXCEPT - initial sites of viral replication are the throat and small intestine. - infection is due to ingestion of contaminated water. - the oral polio vaccine contains attenuated strains of the virus. - most cases result in muscle paralysis. - the majority of cases are asymptomatic.
most cases result in muscle paralysis.
Which one of the following diseases of the gastrointestinal system is transmitted by the respiratory route?
mumps
Warts are caused by
papillomavirus.
Which of the following is the same for both relapsing fever and undulant fever?
rising and falling body temperature
A young child received a red-eared slider turtle as a birthday gift. Within a week the child was suffering from a severe gastroenteritis that required a visit to urgent care. What is the child likely suffering from?
salmonellosis
Which of the following is NOT a recognized form of anthrax?
septic
Which of the following is a subcutaneous mycosis?
sporotrichosis
Which of the following is treated with antibiotics?
streptococcal pneumonia
Typhoid fever differs from salmonellosis in that in typhoid fever
the organism is only spread in the feces of humans.
Human-to-human transmission of plague is usually by
the respiratory route.
Brucella bacteria are considered a potential agent of bioterrorism because
they easily become airborne.
All of the following are transmitted via the respiratory route EXCEPT
tinea.
Which of the following is NOT transmitted in raw milk?
toxoplasmosis
You advise your pregnant friend to not adopt a new kitten from her neighbor because she could contract
toxoplasmosis.