Exam: Quiz 1

What does the case of JGH, a Native American elder, illustrate?

A person may focus on somatic symptoms, rather than mood, when depressed.

several studies have found that there is a correlation in children between amount of television watched and weight. What is one of the problems with using this finding to report that watching lots of TV makes children obese?

it is just possible that being obese causes children to watch more television

Fred refuses to speak at school, although he speaks normally at home. His therapist plans out a treatment where Fred is given a gold star every time he answers his teacher, and he can then trade in his stars for prizes. Fred begins speaking in class. The therapist then tells the teacher to stop the program for a couple of weeks. Fred stopped talking during that time. The teacher then starting giving Fred stars again, and Fred again began to talk. This is an example of

an ABAB experimental design study

a catharsis is

an emotional release

andrea and her parents are shy and quiet...

an evocative effect of genotype in environment

the emergence of humanism brought about changes in all except

an increse in the belief in supernatural causes of behavior

according to the text, which of the following has not be identified as a potential protective factor?

an outgoing personality

All were likely to be part of moral treatment in the 1800's EXCEPT

antipsychotic medication

abused toddlers and infants

are likely to show inconsistent attaachment behavior

why is it particularly useful to study identical twins who are raised in different environments?

it is possible that high concordance rates between identical twins reared together is due to their being treated more similarly than non-identical twins.

which is an example of family aggression

karen, her mother, and her grandmother all have been diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder

The mayor of a city wants to know the number of new cases of a disorder over the past year...

incidence rate

which variable is manipulated in an experiment

independent

when examining heredity, mental disorders are almost always

influenced by multiple genes

which of the following is an example of family aggregation

karen, her mother, and her grandmother all have been diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder

what is wrong with describing someone as being schizophrenic

lables should be applied to disorders not people

by the end of the 19th century

little was known aboaut most mental diseases

by the end of the nineteenth century

little was known about most mental illnesses

what is important to remember about the apparent high lifetime rate of mental disorders?

many people with disorder are not seriously affected by them or may have them for only a short time

what is important to remember about the apparent lifetime rate of mental disorders

many people with mental disorders are not seriously affected by them or may have them for only a short time

Schmas

may be a source of psychological vulnerability

the level of success achieved with the use of moral management is surprising because

may patients suffered from syphillis that was, at the time, incurable

which of the following approaches to treatment focuses amost exclusively on physical well-being

mental hygiene

if you visited an asylum in the 16th century in Eurpoe you would likely find

mentally ill people living in conditions of filth and cruelty

a behavioral psychologist would be most likely to use

observational techniques

in the United States, an early treatment involved the belief that

patients needed to choose rationality over insanity and treatments were designed to intimidate patients into choosing correctly

each of the following is one of the four humors except

phrenities

what trype of prevalence data only counts active cases of a disorder

point prevalence

free association and dream analysis

proved insight into the workings of the unconcious

the physicians of Alexandria, Egypt in the era after Alexander the Great were most likely to treat mental patients by

providing activites, massage, and education

michael develops an intense phobia of snakes after stepping on one and being bitten during a hike. Being bitten by the snake is a

proximal casual factor

which of the following mental health professionals has a medical degree

psychiatrist

which of the following is an example of an analogue study?

rats prenatally exposed to alcohol are studied to further our understanding of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

the first classification of mental disorders involved

recognizing symptoms that occurred together often enough to be regarded as a type of mental disorder

Ideally a sample is described as what?

representative

a ______ serves to guide our processing of information and may serve to distort memories

schema

Who is credited with making the first major steps toward understanding the psychological factors involved in mental illness?

sigmund freud

When comparing modern concepts of abnormal behavior with those of ancient civilizations, we find

some striking similiarities

exorcism is

still occasionally practiced today for the treatment of psychological problems, sometimes with fatal results

what trend was observed during the Middle Ages in Europe?

supernatural explanations for mental disorders grew in popularity.

the site of communication between two neurons is the

synapse

comorbidity means

that a person has two or more disorders

Stereotyping is an example of the stigma of mental illness. It means

the automatic and often incorrect beliefs people have about people with mental illness

A major scientific problem with analogue studies is

the difficulty of generalizing to the naturally occuring phenomenon

suppose that, using linkage analysis, a researcher finds that family members with a high likelihood of developing depression also are very likely to be of below average height

the gene for depression is probably located near the gene for height

mesmer was a proponent of

the power of animal magnetism

carl is asked to provide information about his drinking. Despite the fact that he has had several arrests for driving with intoxicated, Carl reports that he has no problems with drinking. This is an example of

the problems with self reported data

why is it important to have some understanding of what causes a psychological disorder

the selection of a treatment approach is largely determined by assumptions of causality

one of Freud's major contribution to current perspectives of mental disorders is

theconcept of the unconscious and how it can affect behavior

Dr. Luigi has discovered that the more spaghetti people eat, the less likely they are to be diagnosed with depression. Based on this finding, what statement can be made about the relationship between spaghetti and depression?

there is a negative correlation between spaghetti and depression

Which of the following is a sufficient element to determine abnormality?

there is no sufficient element

what is the focus of the field of developmental psychopathology?

to understand what is within the range of normal development so as to have a better understanding of what is abnormal

in 1893, Breuer and Freud published a paper on hysteria. In it they announced that

unconscious factors can determine behavior and produce mental disorders

Practically speaking, "abnormal" behavior means

unusual behaviors that are not consistent with the norms of the society in which they are displayed

the doctrine of the four humours

was an explanatino for personality traits

who is considered to be the "father" of behaviorism?

watson

what do the textbook authors identify as the most problematic element of Wakefield's definition of mental disorder?

we have yet to discover the dysfunction that underlies most mental disorders.

a psychologist reports a single case of a disorder, detailing the person's feelings and responses. This research strategy is

weak because it rarely provides information we can generalize to others with the disorder.

at the start of the twentieth century in America, public attitudes toward the mentally ill

were characterised by fear, horror, and ignroance

according to the DSM, when is deviant behavior viewed as indicative of a mental disorder?

when it is a symptom of a dysfunction in the individual

In the field of abnormal psychology what does DSM stand for

diagnostic and statistical manual

which typically involves the use of trained observers

direct observation

all are credited with emphasizing the link between brain pathology and mental illnesses except

dix

behavrioists suggest maladaptive behavior can be a result of

failure to learn adaptive behaviors

which is true?

genes play a role in most mental disorders

highly coordinated children are picked out at an early age by coaches and given special opportunities to excel at sports. Extraverted children seek out social situations and become unusually comfortable with strangers. Both of these phenomena illustrate

genotype-environment correlations

Wakefield's conception of "mental disorder" included the idea of ________________as most central to diagnosis.

harmful dysfunction

Dr. Katz is researching the causes of phobias. He puts an ad in a newspaper asking for people who have an intense, distressing fear of snakes to come and participate in his study. The major problem with this is

he is not getting a representative sample

one of Aristotole's most major contributions to psychology was

his description of conciousness

which of the following statements about brain dysfunction and psychiatric disorders is FALSE?

identifiable brain damage is often the cause of psychiatric disorders

What do the cases of Monique and Donald Best illustrate?

Abnormal behavior covers a wide range of behavioral disturbances

individuals who have alcohol problems tend to come from families with other individuals who have alcohol problems. This would suggest

Although there is an association, no cause-effect relationship can be concluded

After being betten by a dog, Jose finds that he feels afraid whenever he sees a dog. In classical conditiong terms, the dog can be described as an

Conditioned stimulus

A researcher who provides a certain treatment for one group and withholds treatment from a completely comparable group is using

Experimental method

why would a researcher want to insure that every person in the larger group of study has an equal chance of being included in the sample?

It increases the researcher's ability to generalize findings for the larger group

According to the DSM-IV's definition of mental disorder impairment in one or more areas of functioning (disability)

May be present but is not a necessary condition for making a diagnosis

an important first step in studying a particular disorder is

determinging the criteria for identifying people who have the disorder

the fact that body piercings are commonplace today while they would once have been viewed as abnormal illustrates...

The values of a society may change over time

How do defense mechanisms contribute to psychopathology?

They reduce anxiety by distorting reality rather than dealing directly with a problem.

what is a good control group for a research study on people with eating disorders

a group that is comparable to those with eating disorders except they eat normally

sammy was deprived of his mother and father's love as a child. Operant conditioning theorists...

a lack of social skills; dysfunctional self-schemas

which of the following is included in the DSM

a means of identifying different mental disorders

which of the following is an example of an ABAB design

a subject is observed both before and after two exposures to the treatment

the process of assigning causes to things that happen is called

attribution

what parental style is characterised by warmth, control, and communication

authoritative

psychosocial perspective was initially developed through laboratory research?

behavioral

phillippe pinel

believed that mental patients were ill and needed to be treated as such - with kindness and caring

people in the middle ages

believed that most wiches and mentally ill people were possessed by demons, but in different way

in most prospective studies

children who share a risk factor for a disorder are studied before signs of the disorder show up

________ is a necessary first step toward introducing order to any discussion of the cause or treatment of abnormal behavior.

classification

which of the following statements is true concerning classification systems for mental disorders?

classification systems meet the needs of medical insurance companies who need diagnoses in order to authorize payment of claims

Which mental health professional has a doctoral degree in psychology with both research and clinical skill specialization?

clinical psychologist

why is it dangerous to make conclusions based on case studies?

conclusions based on so little data are likely to be flawed

to determine whether certain characteristics are true of people in general, an not just of people with mental disorders, it is important to use

control group

a researcher who studies children who are home-schooled and compares them to children who attend school is using the ____ research method

correlation

the physicians of nancy school

demonstrated the power of suggestion

in a study of the effects of ice cream on mood, the mood after ice cream exposure can be described as

dependent variable

The "neurasthenia" recognized in the 1800s resembles todays diagnosis of

depression

the Solarists are a cult whose members believe that they control the movements of the sun with special hand gestures...

while some of this group's members ay meet criteria for a DSM-IV diagnosis, the DSM-IV does not diagnose groups

contemporary of Pinel's in England who started a Quaker religious retreat for the mentally ill was

william tuke