Exam Review Sonographic Principles and instrumentation Penny
The attenuation coefficient in soft tissue is equal to: a 1/2 of the operating frequency b double the operating frequency c frequency x path length d the total decibels
a 1/2 of the operating frequency
Which is described as the ability of an object to resist compression and relates to the harness of a medium a stiffness b density c pressure d inertia
a Stiffness
An increase in PRF would lead to a an increase in DF b a decrease in PD c an increase in the number of cycles d decrease in resolution
a an increase in DF
Micro denotes a. Millionth b. Hundredth c. Million d. Billionth
a. Millionth
The typical range if frequency for diagnostic ultrasound imaging is: a 20 - 20,000 Hz b 1-20 MHz c 2-15 kHz d 12-100 Mhz
b 2-15 kHz
Which of the following would have the highest propagation speed a air b bone c soft tissue d water
b bone
As imaging depth increases, PRF must: a not change b increase c decrease d PRF does not relate to PRF
b increase: depth and PRF are INVERSELY related
Pressure is typically expressed in : a. Frequency b. Pascals c. Decibels d. Kilograms per centimeter cubed
b pascals
Which describes the amount of refraction that occurs at an interface? a Bernoulli's law b Poiseuille's law c Law of reflection d Snell's law
d Snell's Law
Which of the following would be considered ultrasonic? A 10 Hz B 18 kHz C .5 MHz D 200 Hz
.5 MHz
With 6 bits, what is the largest number of different gray shades that can be stored? A. 64 B. 8 C. 256 D. 16
A 64
As a sound wave travels through the human body, the intensity of the sound wave decreases as a result of: A attenuation B Elevational resolution C Huygens principle D refraction
A Attenuation
Areas of high pressure and density are referred to as: A compressions B Rarefractions C Diffractions D Refractions
A Compressions
Which of the following is not a component of spatial resolution? A Frame resolution B. Contrast resolution C Axial resolution D Elevational resolution
A Frame resolution
What type of display uses a back light with two polarized filters to produce an image? A. LCD B. Plasma C. CRT D. OLED
A LCD
What time is defined as the beginning of one pulse to the beginning of the next pulse and, therefore, includes both the on and off time? A PRP B PD C DF D PRF
A PRP
Which of the following is defined as the minimum distance to reflectors can be, parallel to the beam, and still appear on the screen as two dots? A range resolution B. Angular resolution C contrast resolution D. Transverse resolution
A Range resolution
Contrast resolution is: A. The ability to see differences in shades of gray B The ability to display moving structures in real time C. The ability to identify two reflectors of parallel to the beam D The ability to identify to reflectors perpendicular to the beam
A The ability to see differences in shades of gray
When imaging and tissue harmonic imaging: A. The fundamental frequency is filtered out B. The fundamental beams frequency is increased C The harmonic signal is filtered out D. There are more artifacts
A The fundamental frequency is filtered out
Which of the following is true concerning the frequency in the near zone length, assuming a single element, unfocused transducer? A. The higher the frequency, the longer the near zone length B lower the frequency, the longer the near zone length C frequency in near zone length are not related D increasing the frequency causes divergence in the near field
A The higher the frequency, the lower the near zone length
Which of the following is seen with CW instrumentation? A transducer frequency matches that of the oscillator B. Sample depth can be determined by range gate C. Very short pulses are used D. Aliasing limits velocity measurements
A Transducer frequency matches that of the oscillator
Which of the following is not a synonym for axial resolution? A angular B range C depth D. Radial
A angular *LARRD*
What is the name for the smallest amount of digital storage A bit B pixel C byte D fractal
A bit
Which type of Interference results in a higher amplitude sound wave? A constructive Interference B Destructive interference C True interference D false interference
A constructive interference
Which transducer has no range resolution? A continuous wave B curved sequenced array transducer C. Linear sequence array D. Phased array
A continuous wave
Which of the following electrical patterns produces electronic focusing of the ultrasound beam? A curved B Sloped C. Spiral D Circular
A curved
Which of the following best describes the components of the damping material? A epoxy resin loaded with tungsten B resin made with lead Zirconate titanate C polyvinylidene fluoride D thungsten impregnated with lead
A epoxy resin loaded with tungsten
Which of the following is determined by the sound source only? A frequency B wavelength C SPL D Propagation speed
A frequency
Which of the following would cause a decrease temporal resolution? A Increased line density B decreased sector size C Single transmit sound D increased PRF
A increased line density
Density and propagation speed are: A inversely related B directly related C directly proportional D unrelated
A inversely related
Which resolution typically has the lowest number in clinical imaging? A longitudinal B lateral C transverse D azimuthal
A longitudinal
Imaging transducer typically have: A low-quality factors, wide bandwidth B High-quality factors, narrow bandwidth C low-quality factors, narrow bandwidth D High quality factors, wide bandwidth
A low-quality factors, wide bandwidth
Which of the following is an appropriate unit of measurement for propagation speed? A millimeters per microsecond B watts per square centimeter C microseconds D kilohertz
A millimeters per Microsecond
Which older mode may still be used today in ophthalmology?
A mode
Which of the following has to be increased in order to see an increase flow and volume? A pressure difference B. Resistance C. Vessel length D viscosity
A pressure difference
Dampening of the sound beam: A reduces the SPL B increases the SPL C increases the PD D has no impact on SPL or PD
A reduces the SPL
Which of the following transducers can be described as having the Scan lines originate from a common point of origin? A sector array B vector array C curvilinear array D linear sequenced array
A sector array
You are using a transducer that produces a beam with very wide elevational plane. Which of the following problems are you most likely to encounter as a result A. Slice thickness artifact B. Increased reverberation C increased side lobes D. Increased electrical interference
A slice thickness artifact
Sound travels through a large quantity of muscle tissue. The reflector will be displayed: A. Too close to the transducer B. Too far away from the transducer C. In the correct location D sound does not travel through muscle tissue
A too close to the transducer
To produce a transducer with. A higher frequency one should: A use a thinner Piezoelectric element B. Use a thicker Piezoelectric element C. Use more damping D. Useless damping
A use a thinner Piezoelectric element
What is the duty factor of CW Doppler? A. 1 B. 100 C. 0.01 D. 1%
A. 1 (or 100%) ?
Which of the following statements is false? A. Aliasing does not occur with color Doppler B. CW Doppler is able to measure very high frequency shifts C. PW Doppler has range resolution D. Power Doppler is not limited by 90° angle
A. Aliasing does not occur with color Doppler
All of the following are true of power except: A. As amplitude increases, power remains the same B Power is proportional to amplitude squared C intensity is proportional to power D Power is measured and Milliwatts
A. As amplitude increases, power remains the same
The strength of the voltages sent to each element is determined by the: A. Beam former B receiver C Scan converter D. Display
A. Beam former
Which of the following is not a method of creating 3-D images? A. Broadband technology B. 2D array technology C. Free hand technique D. Mechanical technique
A. Broadband technology
Which of the following transducers is not used for imaging? A continuous wave B curved sequenced array transducer C. Linear sequence array D. Phased array
A. Continuous wave
When I reflector moves toward the transducer, what will happen to the reflected frequency? A increase B. Decrease C. Stay the same D. It is not possible to predict
A. Increase
What occurs as the Doppler angle is increased? A. It decreases the frequency shift B. It increases the frequency shift C. It increases the risk for aliasing D. And improve the accuracy of the velocity calculation
A. It decreases the frequency shift
Density is typically measured in: A kilograms per centimeter cubed B millimeters C watts per square centimeter D pascals
A. Kilograms per centimeter cubed
In the exercising patient, the distal arterioles are dilated. What type of flow pattern would most likely be demonstrated on spectral Doppler within the proximal vessels? A. Monophasic flow B. Multiphasic flow C. Reversal of flow D. Respiratory phasicity
A. Monophasic flow
What is the name of the flat flow profile that is seen at the entrance of vessels? A. Plug flow B. Laminar flow C. Turbulent flow D. Chaotic flu
A. Plug flow
When you adjust the output power control, you affect the following system component A. Pulser B. Memory C. Scan converter D. Receiver
A. Pulser
Which part of the US machine does not affect the amount of energy entering patients? A. Receiver B. pulser C. Transmitter D. Beam former
A. Receiver
An artifact that occurs when a sound beam bounces back-and-forth between two stronger reflectors, creating a step ladder like appearance is: A reverberation B Side lobes C. Multipath D. Edge shadowing
A. Reverberation
Which of the following is represented as time, or the ability to display structures in real time? A Temporal resolution B. Axial resolution C. Longitudinal resolution D. Contrast Resolution
A. Temporal resolution
What does the brightness of dots that make up the spectral display represent? A. The number of red blood cells presents. B. The velocity of the signal C. The frequency shift D. The amount of turbulence present
A. The number of red blood cells present
What happens to a digital image when a pixel density is increased A. There is more spatial detail B. There is less spatial detail C. The Temporal resolution increases D. There are more shades of gray
A. There is more spatial detail
What happens if blood flow is sampled in the center of laminar flow A. There will be a higher velocity then if sampled towards the edges B. There'll be a slower velocity then if sample towards the edges C. It will be made up of many different velocities D. It will be turbulent
A. There'll be a higher velocity than if sampled towards the edges
Which of the following is representative Ohm's law? A. V = IR B. I = R/VE C. R = I/VE D. R = VI
A. V= IR
In a standing patient, where is the hydrostatic pressure the highest? A. In the feet B. In the arms C. In the abdomen D. Near the heart
A. in the feet
The DF for CW Ultrasound is: A 1% B 100% C 20,000 Hz D 8 pa
B 100%
What is the total amount of attenuation that occurs if a 6.0 MHz sound beam travels through 4 cm of soft tissue? A 24 dB B 12 dB C 6dB D 1.5 dB
B 12 dB
If the angle of incidence is 40°, what is the angle of transmission at the interface if medium one has a propagation speed of 1320 m/s And a medium to has a propagation speed of 1700 m/s A 0° B > 40° C < 40° D cannot tell the angle of transmission
B > 40°
Which of the following is not a true statement? A. lateral resolution varies with depth B. A larger Aperture results in shorter near zone length C. A larger aperture produces less divergence in the far field D. Lateral resolution may be referred to as azimuthal resolution
B A larger Aperture results in shorter near zone length
What is the function of the receiver that changes the brightness of the echo amplitude to adjust for attenuation with depth? A compression B compensation C. Confirmation D. Condensation
B Compensation
Which of the following is the resolution in the third dimension of the beam? A lateral resolution B. Elevational resolution C contrast resolution D. Longitudinal resolution
B Elevational resolution
Along with crystal diameter (aperture), The divergence in the far field is also determined by which of the following? A SPL B frequency C propagation speed D Line density
B Frequency
If the far field of an image is too dark, it is recommended that you: A Do not press hard on the patient B. Increase the receiver gain C. Increase the output game D increase scanning time
B Increase the receiver gain
All of the following are true of wavelength except: A It is determined by both the medium and the soundwave B It is equal to the period divided by the frequency C it is inversely related to frequency D it is directly related to period
B It is equal to the period divided by the frequency
What backup system is used to protect the store data on a PACS? A. Optical drive B RAID Array C. Tape back up D. Flash drive
B RAID Array
The portion of the soundbeam where the molecules are farther apart describes an area of: A compression B Rarefraction C refraction D amplitude
B Rarefraction
Which of the following is a property of power Doppler? A. Able to obtain velocity information and direction of flow B. Signal is obtained by detecting amplitude of shift C. It is prone to aliasing D. Limited by perpendicular angle of incidence
B Signal is obtained by detecting amplitude of shift
In b- mode imaging, the stronger the return echo: A The darker the dot on the display B. The brighter the dot on the display C The worse the Temporal resolution D. The week or the transmit power
B The brighter the Dot on the display
If the depth is increased and the frame rate is unchanged, what else must have decreased? A the PRP B The number of lines per frame C the DF D The output power
B The number of lines per frame
In the exercising patience, what is their response to peripheral resistance with arteriolar dilatation? A The peripheral resistance increases B. The peripheral resistance decreases C. There is no change in the peripheral resistance D. Peripheral resistance would decrease but only in the presence of the disease
B The peripheral resistance decreases
What is the smallest element in a digital picture called A. The bit B The pixel C. The byte D. The fractal
B The pixel
All of the following relate to the strength of the sound wave except: A amplitude B wavelength C intensity D. Power
B Wavelength
The major component of attenuation is: A scatter B absorption C transmission D refraction
B absorption
Which of the following describes the range of frequencies present within the beam? A matching layer B bandwidth C array D wave front
B bandwidth
A technique that uses made up pixel information to replace areas between the scan lines where there is no actual signal information is: A compression B. Fill-in interpolation C. Tissue harmonics D. Frequency compounding
B fill in interpolation
Temporal resolution relates to which of the following? A lateral resolution B Frame rate C range ambiguity D Element diameter
B frame rate
The prefix centi Denotes: A thousandths B hundredths C millions D hundreds
B hundredths
Damping material produces all the following except: A Decreased sensitivity B increased SPL C. Wide Bandwidth D. Low-quality factors
B increased SPL
As imaging depth increases, PRP: A remains constant B increases C decreases D Doubles
B increases
The Harmonic signal: A is produced by the transducer B. Is produced by the patient C. Is of a stronger amplitude than fundamental D. Has worse lateral resolution than fundamental
B is produced by the patient
Which of the following is true of the diameter of the sound of being in the Fresnal zone? A it increases with distance from the transducer B it decreases with distance from the transducer C it does not change with distance from the transducer D it is unpredictable
B it decreases with distance from the transducer
The portion of the transducer that comes in contact with the patient is the: A backing material B matching layer C. Wire D Damping material
B matching layer
Which of the following facilitates the transmission of sound from the element into the patient's skin? A damping material B matching layer C tungsten covering D focusing material
B matching layer
The sound bouncing off of stronger factor in producing an image on the wrong location on the display is? A. Range ambiguity B. Mirror image artifact C. Slice thickness artifact D. Enhancement
B mirror image artifact
What are the units for pressure? A feet, inches, centimeters or miles B pascals or pounds per square inch C. Kilograms per centimeter cubed D Hertz kilohertz or megahertz
B pascals or pounds per square in
Which of the following requires an oblique interface and propagation speed mismatch? A reflection B refraction C normal incidence D dampening
B refraction
In order to add more spectral Doppler wave forms to the display, what setting on the machine should be adjusted? A. PRF B. Sweep speed C. Heart rate D. Gain
B sweep speed
A stenosis of 75% in area is equal to what percent of stenosis in diameter? A. 25% B. 50% C. 75% D. 100%
B. 50%
In which mode is the strength of a reflector represented by the brightness of a dot A A mode B. B mode C both a and B D. None of the above
B. B mode
How are ultrasound transducer is typically sterilized? A Heating to the Curie temperature B Cold sterilization methods C. Autoclaving D. Alcohol immersion
B. Cold sterilization methods
What does increasing PRF/scale setting on spectral Doppler do? A. Increases the potential of aliasing B. Decreases the potential of aliasing C. Makes the spectral waveform appear larger D. Optimize the system to detect slow flow
B. Decreases the potential of aliasing
A proximal stenosis will look like what on the spectral waveform? A. Reversal of flow and diastole B. Delay in the systolic upstroke C. Triphasic wave form D. Aliasing
B. Delay in the systolic upstroke
The "useful" artifact that one might see behind a weekly attenuating structure is: A shadowing B enhancement C. Reflection D. Refraction
B. Enhancement
A technique that averages out the frequencies used to make the image to improve contrast resolution and reduce speckle is: A. Spatial compounding B frequency compounding C coded excitation D. Tissue harmonics
B. Frequency compounding
Which of the following describes the principle that an object at rest will stay at rest unless acted on by an outside force? A. Laminar flow B. Inertia C. Friction D. Bernoulli
B. Inertia
Venous blood returns to the heart from the lower extremities through all of the following except: A. Calf muscle pump B. Inspiration C. Expiration D. Venus valves
B. Inspiration
The output gain of the pulser determines the ___ of the acoustic pulse A. Frequency B. Intensity C. Duration D. PRP
B. Intensity
What is the change in intensity if the power decreases by half? A intensity doubles B Intensity is halved C intensity is 1/4 D Intensity does not change
B. Intensity is halved
In order to maintain volume flow as I Constant, if the area of the vessel increases what must happen to the velocity A. It increases B. It decreases C. It does not change with changes in area D. Not enough information
B. It decreases
Which of the following is true of the for CW Doppler devices? A. It only needs to have one Piezoelectric element B. It must have at least two piezoelectric elements C. It must have three Piezoelectric elements D. no piezoelectric elements are needed for CW Doppler
B. It must have at least two piezoelectric elements
What is the smallest number of crystals a PW Doppler device may have? A. Zero B. One C. Two D. Three
B. One
Which of the following produces pie shaped images A Linear sequenced array B phased array C curved sequenced array D. Convex transducer
B. Phased array
Which of the following transducers is also referred to as sector or vector transducer? A. Linear sequential array B. Phased array C continuous wave transducer D curves sequential array transducer
B. Phased array
Read zoom is a function of the: A PACS B Post processing C pre-processing D. Pulser
B. Post processing
Which of the following occurs after the image has been frozen A. Pre-processing B. Post processing C. Conversion to binary D. Write zoom
B. Post processing
Which type of Doppler does not rely on the frequency shift but instead realize on this strength of the shift? A. Spectral Doppler B. Power Doppler C. Color Doppler imaging D. CW Doppler
B. Power Doppler
If only the density of a medium is increased, Then the: A propagation speed will increase B propagation speed will decrease C propagation speed will stay the same D None of the above
B. Propagation speed will decrease
What happens as the frequency of the transducer increases? A. Penetration ability is increased B. The amount of scatter is increased C. The frequency shift is decreased D. The amount of attenuation is decreased
B. The amount of scatter is increased
Which of the following best describes the frame rate A. The frame rate is equal to the pulse repetition frequency multiplied by the lines per frame B The frame rate is equal to the pulse repetition frequency divided by lines per frame C. The frame rate is equal to the pulse repetition period divided by the lines per frame D The frame rate is equal to the pulse repetition period Multiplied by lines per
B. The frame rate is equal to the Pulse repetition frequency* divided* by lines per frame
When compared to 2D grayscale imaging, which of the following color Doppler statements is true? A. There is improved frame rate B. There is worse Temporal resolution C. There are few were pulses per scanline D. There is a higher frame rate
B. There is worse Temporal resolution
A shadow occurs when sound: A travels through an area of decreased attenuation B. Travels through an area of increased attenuation C. Reflects off a weak attenuator D. Travels through a cystic structure
B. Travels through an area of increased attenuation
What is it called when the 2-D image, color Doppler image, and spectral Doppler are displayed simultaneously? A. Duplex mode B. Triplex mode C. Phase quadrature mode D. Multiplex mode
B. Triplex mode
What type of color scale displays turbulent as a shade of green? A. Velocity B variance C hue D. Saturation
B. Variance
Which signal processing technique used her color Doppler is not an accurate as, but is faster than the technique used for spectral Doppler? A. Zero crossing B. Phase quadrature C. Autocorrelation D. Fast Fourier transform
C Autocorrelation
The percentage of time that the ultrasound system is producing pulses ultrasound describes the: A PRP B PD C DF D PRF
C DF
In tissue harmonic imaging, what frequency is used to produce the image A The fundamental frequency B. 1/2 the fundamental frequency C. Double the fundamental frequency D. Three times the fundamental frequency
C Double the fundamental frequency
Which of the following may be also referred to as the far zone? A Frame zone B Fresnel zone C Fraunhofer zone D frankincense zone
C Fraunhofer zone (Fra similar to far)
Which mode is interested in the movement of the reflector along one scan line A. A mode B b mode C. M mode D. C mode
C M mode
The part of the machine responsible for timing the reception of the pulses to determine their location is the: A. Beam former B Scan converter C. Master synchronizer D. Display
C Master synchronizer
Along with image depth, which of the following also determines the frame rate? A axial resolution B damping C Number of lines per scan frame D Lateral resolution
C Number of lines per frame
Which of the following is defined as the number of ultrasound pulses emitted in 1 second? A PRP B DF C PRF D SPL
C PRF
Which of the following will not affect Temporal resolution? A line density B Image depth C SPL D Number of focal zones
C SPL
Which of the following describes the result of destructive interference? A The resulting wave is much larger than the original wave B. The resulting wave is a little larger than the original Wave C. The resulting wave is smaller than the original way The resulting wave is smaller than the original wave D Destructive interference does not occur with diagnostic imaging
C The resulting wave is smaller than the original wave
Adding damping to the transducer improves which type of resolution? A transverse resolution B Temporel resolution C axial resolution D. Elevational resolution
C axial resolution
Which of the following shortens the length of the pulse by decreasing the number of cycles in the pulse A matching material B.Piezoelectric element C backing material D PZT
C backing material
Video display that is limited to only black and white, with no other shades of gray is called ____ A binary B Mono chrome C. Bistable D. Unichrome
C bistable
Which of the following is the part of the transducer that stops the ringing of the element? A matching layer B housing C damping material D insulator
C damping material
Which of the following is not true of damping? A Damping decreases the number of cycles in a pulse B damping decreases SPL C damping worsens axial resolution D damping decreases the sensitivity to the transducer
C damping worsens axial resolution
The inertia of the medium describes its: A attenuation characteristics B stiffness C density D elasticity
C density
What term is defined as "the power of a wave divided by the area over which the power is distributed" A amplitude B Power C intensity D absorption
C intensity
Which of the following would most likely increase the near zone length? A large crystal diameter, low frequency B small crystal diameter, low frequency C Large crystal diameter, high frequency D Small crystal diameter, high frequency
C large crystal diameter, high frequency
Transducers have material with in them that, when electronically stimulated, produces ultrasound waves. This is most likely some form of: A tungsten acetate B dilithium zirconium C led zirconate titanate D barium sulfate
C led zirconate titanate
SPL can be calculated by: A multiplying the number of cycles by the frequency B dividing the period by the frequency C multiplying the number of cycles by the wavelength D Dividing the number of cycles by the wavelength
C multiplying the number of cycles by the wavelength
The smallest component of a 3-D image is the A. Bit B. Byte C. Voxel D pixel
C voxel
When is the Doppler shift highest? A. Doppler shift is unrelated to beam angle B. When the beam is perpendicular to the direction of flow C. When the beam is parallel to the direction of flow D. When the beam is out of 45° Angle to flow
C when the beam is parallel to the direction of flow
In an unfocused, single element transducer, the width at the focal point of the sound of beam measures how much compared to the beam width at the face of the transducer? A 1/4 B. 1/3 C. 1/2 D Equal
C. 1/2
What is the point at which Reynolds number predicts turbulence? A. 500 B. 1200 C. 2000 D. 4000
C. 2000
A reflector is 20 mm away from the transducer. How long does it take for sound to travel to the reflector and back to the transducer? A 13 µs B 20 µs C. 26 µs D. 39 µs
C. 26 µs
Which of the following frequency shifts would exhibit aliasing in the PRF is 5000 Hz? A. 1.0 kHz B. 2.5 kHz C. 3.0 kHz D. None of the above
C. 3.0 kHz
Adjusting which of the following will have no effect on the measure the frequency shift A. Flow velocity B. Operating frequency C. Amplitude D. Propagation speed
C. Amplitude
What provides the potential energy in the cardiovascular system? A. Distal arterioles B. Blood flowing through the vessels C. Beating heart D. Venus system
C. Beating heart
What receiver function is responsible for decreasing the difference between the largest and smallest receive signal amplitude? A amplification B. Compensation C. Compression D. Rejection
C. Compression
Which of the following would be best utilized for imaging deep structures in the abdomen A. Endocavity transducer B Linear sequenced array transducer C. Curved sequenced array transducer D. Continuous wave transducer
C. Curved sequenced array transducer
Which of the following would most likely decrease being divergence in the far field A Large crystal diameter, low frequency B small crystal diameter, low frequency C large crystal diameter, high frequency D small crystal diameter, high frequency
C. Large crystal diameter, high frequency
Which of the following may result if the spectral Doppler gain is too high? A. Too much output power is sent in to the patient B. Under measurement of the velocities C. Over measurement of the velocities D. An image that is too dark
C. Over a measurement of the velocities
Which of the following represents the resistive index? A. Peak systolic velocity minus The end diastolic velocity divided by the mean velocity B. End Diastolic velocity minus the peak systolic velocity divided by the peak systolic velocity C. Peak systolic velocity minus the end diastolic velocity divided by the peak systolic velocity D. Peak systolic velocity minus the end diastolic velocity divided by the end diastolic velocity
C. Peak systolic velocity minus the end diastolic velocity divided by the peak systolic velocity
Which of the following is defined as changing the timing of the shocking of the elements in order to shape and steer the beam? A angulation B focusing C phasing D bundling
C. Phasing
Which of the following task is incorporated in the process of demodulation A rejection B amplification C. Rectification D Receiving
C. Rectification
Which receiver function converts the negative portion of the signal to positive A compression B condensation C. Rectification D. Amplification
C. Rectification
The change in the direction of the original sound wave that occurs when sound interacts with two different tissue types that have a different propagation speed is referred to as: A wavelength B. Scattering C. Refraction D. Absorption
C. Refraction
An advantage of coded excitation is improved: A. azimuthal resolution B. Temporal resolution C. Signal to noise ratio D. Lateral resolution
C. Signal to noise ratio
Which of the following will be seen with a stationary reflector? A. There is a higher reflected frequency compared to the incident frequency B. There's a lower afflicted frequency compared to the incident frequency C. The incident frequency is equal to the reflected frequency D. There are afflicted intensity is higher than the incident intensity
C. The incident frequency is equal to the reflected frequency
Which of the following is true about CW Doppler? A. The measured frequency shift come from a user selected depth B. A range gate is placed in the vessel to be sampled C. There is a large sample volume that obtain signals from all vessels within D. Pulses of sound are sent into the tissue to measure the frequency shifts
C. There is a large sample volume that obtain signals from all vessels within
Assuming flow is constant, what happens in a region of blood vessels narrowing? A. There is a significant pressure increase B. There is an increase in the velocity along with corresponding increase in pressure C. There is an increase in velocity along with a corresponding decrease in pressure D. Velocity and pressure are unchanged
C. There is an increase in velocity along with a corresponding decrease in pressure
What can be said about the ensemble length of color Doppler? A. It is less than three pulses per scan line B. It is more than 100 pulses per scan line C. It is about 10 to 20 pulses per scan line D. It is typically zero
C. There's typically about 10 to 20 pulses per scan line
What is the term for the pressure difference between the inside of a vein in the tissue outside? A. Hydrostatic pressure B. Autocorrelation C. Transmural pressure D. Kinetic energy
C. Transmural pressure
An image with one bit of memory has how many shades of gray? A. None B. One C. Two D. Four
C. Two
Which of the following will result in aliasing A. To low operating frequency B. Increase sampling of blood flow C. Under sampling of blood flow D. Too high a Doppler angle
C. Under sampling of blood flow
The low velocity component is missing on a spectral waveform. Which of the following should be adjusted to fix this? A. Gain B. Scale C. Wall filter D. Frequency
C. Wall filter
Which type of zoom offers a high-quality zoom but must be selected while the image is live. A. Post processing zoom B read zoom C write zoom D None of the above
C. Write zoom
In clinical imaging, the wavelength typically measures between: A 1 and 10 Hz B 1540 and 2000 m/s C 0 and 1 D .1 to .8 mm
D .1 to .8 mm
Which of the following is considered the speed of sound in soft tissue? A 1.54 m/s B .77 m/s C 100 mW/ cm^2 D 1540 m/s
D 1540 m/s
Which of the following is the standard for data exchange among imaging systems? A RAID B PACS C RIS D DICOM
D DICOM
What states that waves are the result of the interference of many wavelets produced at the face of the transducer? A curies principal B snells law C Bernoulli's law D Huygens principle
D Huygens principle
What is the change in power if the amplitude triples? A it doubles B. It triples C. It quadruples D it increases nine times
D It increases nine times
Sound is technically a: A transverse and longitudinal wave B Mechanical and transverse wave C non-mechanical and pressure wave D Mechanical and longitudinal wave
D Mechanical and longitudinal wave
Which of the following is defined as only the active time? A DF B PRF C Period D PD
D PD
Which type of resolution is an accurate representation of moving structures? A lateral resolution B azimuthal resolution C spatial resolution D Temporal resolution
D Temporal resolution
Which of the following is a technique used to reduce the presence of grating lobes? A Apodization B tissue harmonics C sub dicing D All of the above
D all of the above
The maximum value or minimum value of an acoustic variable minus the equilibrium value of that variable describes the: A Power B intensity C DF D Amplitude
D amplitude
Which mathematical processing technique is used to analyze the data in produce a spectral waveform? A amplitude shifting B. Autocorrelation C. Amplitude sampling D. Fast fourier transform
D fast Fourier transform
Which of the following would be considered the narrowest part of a sound beam? A far zone B near zone C Fresnal zone D focal zone
D focal zone
Additional reflectors on the screen (with an array transducer) that are from extraneous sound waves of the primary axis of the beam are: A ring down artifact B. Edge shadowing C. Harmonics D. Grating lobes
D grating lobes
Which of the following would cause an increase in frame rate? A Multi focusing B increased line density C Increased imaging depth D increased PRF
D increased PRF
Which of the following would have the lowest propagation speed a water b soft tissue c bone d lung tissue
D lung tissue
What part of the receiver that reduces low level system noise is A Demodulation B. Compensation C. Amplification D. Rejection
D rejection
Which of the following is not true of the linear sequenced array transducer? A rectangular shape image B firing is sequential C electronically focused D The elements are arranged in a ring
D the elements are arranged in a ring (that's annular)
Which of the following is not a true statement about a mechanical transducer? A it uses a motor to steer the beam B most transducers are no longer mechanical C maybe focus with a lens or phased focus D there are no moving parts
D there are no moving parts
What are the units for DF? A dB B dB/cm C Hz D unitless
D unitless
Which of the following is described as the distance over which one cycle occurs? A PD B DF C period D wavelength
D wavelength
Which of the following is determined by the sound source and the medium? A propagation speed B frequency C period D wavelength
D wavelength
A sound wave travels 26 µs to a reflector. How far away is the reflector, assuming the medium is soft tissue A. .5 cm B. 1 cm C. 2 cm D. 4 cm
D. 4 cm
The Doppler shift is lowest at what angle to flow? A. 0° B. 45° C. 60° D. 90°
D. 90°
Which of the following is not a characteristic of an unfocused single element transducer? A at the face of the transducer, the beam diameter is equal to the element diameter B at a distance of one near zone length, The beam diameter is equal to 1/2 of the diameter of the element C. At a distance of two near zone lengths, The beam diameter again equals the element diameter D. At the face of the transducer, the beam diameter is twice the size of the element thickness
D. At the face of the transducer, the beam diameter is twice the size of the element thickness
As the sound being travels, it is attenuated. Which explains the need to have which receiver function A. Compression B Demodulation C amplification D compensation
D. Compensation (TGCs)
The echo information is taken from the memory and sent to ____ so it can be shown on the display. A. Beam former B. Receiver C A to D converter D D to a converter
D. D to a converter
Which of the following will not eliminate aliasing? A. Increasing the PRF B. Increasing the Nyquist limit above the frequency shift C. Decreasing the sample depth D. Increasing the frequency shift above the Nyquist limit
D. Increasing the frequency shift above the Nyquist limit
Which of the following is false about color Doppler imaging? A. It is prone to aliasing B. And obtains mean velocity information C. It uses autocorrelation as its signal processing technique D. It can measure peak systolic and end diastolic velocities
D. It can measure peak systolic and and diastolic velocities
Which of the following is true about the frequency shift? A. It is increases with an increase in Doppler angle B. It is greater than 20,000 Hz C. It is inversely related to operating frequency D. It is in the audible range of sound
D. It is in the audible range of sound
Which of the following is true about the spectral Doppler envelope? A. It is then when there are many different velocities B. It is thin with CW Doppler C. It is thickest in the center of a laminar flow vessel D. It is thick and in the presence of turbulence
D. It is thickened the presence of turbulence
What does heat sterilization do to an ultrasound transducer A gives it better axial resolution B improve the lateral resolution of the transducer C kills the bacteria and viruses D. Kills pathogen's and destroys the transducer
D. Kills pathogen's in destroys the transducer
What component of the ultrasound machine is used to detect positive versus negative frequency shift A. Analog Doppler B. Oscillator C. Fourier transformer D. Phase quadrature
D. Phase quadrature
Artifacts related to propagation speed occur because: A The machine can measure the propagation speed of the tissue B. The beam bounces off strong reflectors C. The beam travels in a straight line D. The machine assumes 1540 m/s for all tissue
D. The machine assumes 1540 m/ s for all tissue
In m-mode imaging, what is along the X axis? A. depth B. Amplitude C. Intensity D. Time
D. Time
What must be known in order to calculate the distance to a reflector? A. Attenuation, speed, density B. Attenuation, impedance C density, speed D. Travel time, speed
D. Travel time, speed