Experience Psychology: Chapter 12: Psychological Disorders: Study Guide

_______ phobia is an intense fear of being humiliated or embarrassed around other people.

social

Caleb has disturbing, intrusive thoughts and then he finds that he must act upon them. The disturbing thoughts are obsessions and acting upon them are _______.

compulsions

People with _______ anxiety disorder worry about work, health, and relationships, but also about little things such as whether their clothes fit just right.

generalized

What disorder is characterized by long-term, persistent anxiety, and uncontrollable worry?

generalized anxiety disorder

As ______ similarity to a person with a diagnosis of schizophrenia increases, so does the person's risk of being diagnosed with schizophrenia.

genetic

Dissociation is thought to be a person's way of dealing with extreme stress by:

mentally protecting the conscious self from the traumatic event.

A _______ disorder is characterized by a set of inflexible, maladaptive behavior patterns that keep a person from functioning appropriately in society.

personality

Unlike _______, which are stimulated by specific objects or situations, _______do not have identifiable, specific cause.

phobias; panic attacks

Which of the following disorders is not related to obsessive-compulsive disorder?

post-traumatic stress disorder

People with a diagnosis of _______ account for the largest percentage of those hospitalized for mental disorders.

schizophrenia

What is the following is an example of a compulsion?

Alex has to wash his hands many times a day because he fear germs

Which of the following exemplifies "obsession?"

Anne has intrusive thoughts that something bad might happen to her family if she doesn't go up the stairs the right way.

What approach to understanding depression argues that stresses of life produce a reduction in positive reinforcers that can lead to major depression?

Behavioral

Which of the following situation describes the definitions of a phobia?

Brent is deathly afraid of spiders, and this is a problem for him because he repairs heating systems.

According to the NIMH, major depressive disorder is the leading cause of disability in the United States. What are the main features of the disorder?

Changed in appetite and sleep, loss of energy, and depressed mood and lack of interest.

Which of the following are true with respect to antisocial personality disorder?

Characterized by failure to conform to social norms or obey the law, more commonly diagnosed in men than women, and characterized by impulsivity

_______ are false, unusual, and sometimes magical beliefs that are not part of an individual's culture.

Delusions

_______ are firmly held, unshakable beliefs with no basis in reality and they commonly occur with schizophrenia.

Delusions

_______ identity disorder is characterized by an individual having two or more distinct personalities.

Dissociative

Which of the following are biological explanations of mood disorders?

Heredity, neurotransmitter deregulation, neurophysiological abnormality, and hormonal factors

Which of the following are examples of manic episode in bipolar disorder?

Ellie stays up all night and cleans the house, Adam goes on an all day shopping spree and empties his checkbook, and Lara calls everyone she knows, asking if she can borrow money for her great adventure.

Which of the following can be contributing factors to the development of schizophrenia?

Extreme environmental stressors, a biological predisposition, and problems in neurotransmitters

True or false: According to the vulnerability-stress hypothesis, if a person has a biogenetic predisposition, they will almost certainly develop a psychological disorder.

False

Which of the following are types of anxiety disorders?

Generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and specific phobia

What are some examples of positive symptoms of schizophrenia?

Hallucinations and delusions

Madeleine has decided to seek therapeutic services from someone who describes himself as having a "sociocultural perspective." This means that

He may say that environmental experiences a play a role in the creation of psychological disorders and he may be interested in Madeleine's family.

Which of the following are true in regard to schizophrenia?

It is characterized by disordered thought, a common cause of relapse is failure to take medications and it is a serious psychological disorders.

Which of the following statements are true regarding the DSM-IV-TR?

It is published by the American Psychiatric Association and it is the product of a 14 year revision process.

What makes anxiety disorders different from the normal experience of anxiety?

It may involve a diffuse feeling of dread and it may involve anxiety disproportionate to the actual danger a person might be in

Which statement best described the DSM-5?

It's used to note medical conditions that may have implications for psychological treatment.

Which of the following is an example of a manic episode?

Julia stops sleeping and spontaneously buys a house she cannot afford

Which of the following illustrates the idea of personal discomfort in defining abnormal behavior?

Larry does not believe that he has a psychological disorder, but his life is in shambles and he frequently thinks it is intolerable and Maureen is preoccupied that something medical is wrong with her, even though physicians have found nothing. She continues visiting doctors.

Which of the following are possible causes of phobic disorders?

Learning theorist interpret phobias as learned fears and there is a biological component

Which of the following is not an example of social phobia?

Liam has an intense fear of heights

Which of the following are illustration of compulsions?

Marian has to check the stove times a day

Which of the following are features of the biological approach to psychological disorders?

Medications are often prescribed, this is the medical model, and individuals are treated by doctors

Which of the following are characteristic of the cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia?

Memory problems, attentional problems, and decision-making problems

What was dissociative identity disorder previously known as?

Multiple personality disorder

_______ disorder is characterized by anxiety-provoking thoughts that will not go away, and/or urges to perform repetitive behaviors to prevent or produce some future outcome.

Obsessive-compulsive

Adele has experienced a number of discrete periods of terror where she sweats, trembles, feels dizzy, and is quite certain that she is "going crazy." Her physician has assured her that there is no medical reason for these episodes. What is Adele's most likely diagnosis?

Panic disorder

_______ refers to a state in which a person's perceptions and thoughts are fundamentally removed from reality. Symptoms of this severe state include delusions, hallucinations, and ideas of reference.

Psychosis

Which of the following examples demonstrate hallucinations?

Rachel continuously detects the smell of burning rubber but no one else can smell it and Morgan sees her dead grandmother in her bedroom at night

Individuals with psychological disorders must do which of the following to overcome stigma?

Recognize their strengths, carry on despite their disorder(s), and confront their disorder(s)

_______ refers to a disorder, or class of disorders, in which severe distortion of reality occurs.

Schizophrenia

What are some examples of negative symptoms of schizophrenia?

Social withdrawal and flat affect

Which of the following is true with respect to suicide?

Suicide is the third leading cause of death amount U.S. adolescents

Which of the following is true of personality disorders?

They are difficult to treat, they are longstanding and maladaptive, and they are relatively common.

What are the reasons somebody may develop a dissociative disorder?

To keep disturbing memories from reaching conscious awareness and to keep disturbing perceptions from reaching conscious awareness

True or false: The links between biology and mood disorders are well established.

True

Roberta has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. She firmly believes that she works for the CIA and god. This is an example of :

a delusion

Dissociative identity disorder is one in which

a person displays characteristics of two or more distinct personalities.

_______ personality disorder is a disorder characterized by guiltlessness, law-breaking, exploitation of others, and superficially charming.

antisocial

Ed has had numerous involvements with the legal system. He has three children by different women who he has never married. He is currently incarcerated for dealing drugs and has been diagnosed with a personality disorder by the prison psychiatrist. What personality disorder best describes Ed?

antisocial personality disorder

_______ is characterized by failure to conform to social norms, deceitfulness, impulsivity, reckless disregard for the safety of self or others, and lack of remorse.

antisocial personality disorder

In this type of disorder, feelings of apprehension or tension occurs without an obvious external cause, affecting daily functioning.

anxiety disorders

Select the three criteria of abnormal behavior.

behavior Is deviant, behavior is personally distressful, and behavior is maladaptive

Abnormal behavior can be defined in many ways, some of which are

behavior that is deviant, behavior that is distressful, and behavior that is maladaptive.

Which of the following is an example of a delusion related to schizophrenia?

believing that you are the king or queen of a country

The _______ approach to psychological disorders attributes disorders to organic, internal causes.

biological

The _______ perspective involves factors such as interactions between other perspectives, including biological, psychological, and sociocultural.

biopsychosocial

_______ disorder is a mood disorder that is characterized by extreme mood swings.

bipolar

Clinical psychologist Aaron Beck proposed that faulty _______ underlie people's depressed feelings.

cognitions

Individuals with psychological disorders must do the following to overcome stigma?

confront their disorder(s), recognize their strengths, and carry on despite their disorder(s).

Bipolar disorder is associated with differences in brain activity. Researchers has found that metabolic activity in the cortex is _______ during depressive phases.

decreased

A situation in which a person suffers from an unrelenting lack of pleasure in life is a(n) _______.

depressive

_______ disorders are characterized by an unrelenting lack of pleasure in life.

depressive

Abnormal behavior is considered _______ when it deviates from what is acceptable in a culture.

deviant

In the most severe form of _______ amnesia, individuals cannot even recall their names.

dissociative

_______ amnesia is characterized by extreme memory loss that stems from extensive psychological stress.

dissociative

_______ disorders are psychological dysfunctions characterized by the separation of different facets of a person's conscious experience.

dissociative

One of the most famous cases of _______ _______ disorder (formally known as multiple personality) was "The Three Faces of Eve."

dissociative identity

What disorder is defined by one individual exhibiting multiple personalities, each of which has a unique set of likes and dislikes and their own reactions to situations?

dissociative identity disorder

A well-accepted biological explanation for schizophrenia states that individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia have an issues with the neurotransmitter _______.

dopamine

Which of the following best represent the symptoms of PTSD?

flashbacks, problems with memory and concentration, and impulsive outburst of behavior

Which of the following are biological factors of suicide?

genetic factors, low levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin, and poor physical health

Which of the following is not a feature of borderline personality disorder?

harm to others

Which of the following is NOT a typical symptom of PTSD?

indulging in repetitive and ritualistic behaviors.

Behavior is considered deviant if

it differs from what is acceptable in a culture

Andrea has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. She has a persistent delusion that she is the Virgin Mary. What is the best description for her delusion?

it is a positive symptom.

What make anxiety disorders different from the normal experience of anxiety?

it may involve anxiety disproportionate to the actual danger a person might be in and it may involve a diffuse feeling of dread

Which of the following are factors identified as being involved an antisocial personality disorder?

less stressed than others by aversive circumstances and low levels of activation in the prefrontal cortex

Abnormal behavior is often _______, which means it interferers with one's ability to function in life effectively.

maladaptive

Critics complain that the DSM-5 relied too much on the _______ perspective and it treat psychological disorders as if they are physical illnesses.

medical

The _______ perspective or model suggests that when an individual displays symptoms of abnormal behavior, the root cause will be found in a physical examination of the individual.

medical

When we use terms like "symptoms," "mental illness," and mental hospitals," we are reflecting the terminology used in the _______ perspective.

medical

Dissociative identity disorder was formerly known as _______ _______ disorder.

multiple personality

A biochemical explanation of the cause of mood disorders generally focuses on regulation problems in _______.

neurotransmitters

_______-_______ disorder is characterized by anxiety-provoking thoughts that will not go away, and/or urges to perform repetitive behaviors to prevent or produce some future outcome.

obsessive-compulsive

An anxiety disorder that takes the form of discrete attacks involving difficulty breathing lasting from a few seconds to as long as several hours is called what?

panic disorder

What disorder is characterized by the episodes involving the following symptoms: heart palpitations, shortness of breath, and faintness?

panic disorder

The _______ approach focuses on the contribution of experience, thoughts, emotions, and personality characteristics to explain disorders

psych

The term _______ is sometimes used to refer to a subgroup of individuals with antisocial personality disorder. They are characterized as remorseless predators who engage in violence to get what they want.

psychopath

If we learned that diagnoses of schizophrenia tend to be higher amount members of low socioeconomic groups than among members of more affluent groups. This finding would support which perspective of abnormal behavior?

sociocultural

A(n) _______ _______ is a psychological disorder where an individual has an irrational, overwhelming, persistent fear of a particular object or situation.

specific phobia

Beth sees the people in her life as either complete villains or total heroes. This way of thinking of the world in black-and-white terms is called _______.

spitting

The _______ attached to psychological disorders can provoke prejudice and discrimination

stigma

Biological views of psychological disorders fall into three main categories:

the brain, genetic, and neurotransmitter

Barry has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. His demeanor in unusual compared to most people because he does not show emotional expression when he speaks, and he does not appear to have the ability to read others' emotional expressions. These symptoms are also known as:

the negative symptoms of schizophrenia

Ed's parents were both diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia. Ed had a very stressful childhood and has himself been recently diagnosed. This combination of genetic predisposition and the experience of extreme stress exemplifies which of the following models?

the vulnerability-stress model

The _______ disorder is used to describe incoherent, loose word associations that sometimes appear in the speech of a person diagnosed with schizophrenia.

thought