Experimental Psych: Chapters 9

20

A 4 × 5 factorial design would have ________conditions.

a third group with a moderate level of fear

A researcher attempts to study the effect of fear arousal on attitude change. One group experiences no fear while the other group experiences a very high level of fear. Results show no difference in the amount of attitude change in the two groups. Which of the following should have been used in the research?

independent groups design.

A researcher wants to study the effect of different levels of noise on the performance of students in a math test and a history test. The two levels of noise are low and high. The researcher uses different sets of individuals for each level and each type of test. This is an example of a(n)

confederates.

Event manipulations often involve the use of

It produces sixteen conditions

Identify an accurate statement about a factorial design that contains four independent variables, each with two levels.

80

In a 2 × 2 factorial design, for a completely independent groups design with 20 participants per group, how many participants are needed?

2; 1

In a 2 × 3 factorial design, there are ________main effect(s) and ________interaction effect(s) possible.

20

In a 4 × 3 factorial design, for a repeated measures design, how many participants are needed in order to have 20 participants per condition?

single-blind experiment

In a ________, participants are unaware of whether a placebo or the actual drug is being administered.

self-report

In a shopping mall, a marketing researcher asks customers if they would prefer soda in a bottle or in a can. Their responses would be an example of a ________ measure.

more costly

In general, staged manipulations are ________than straightforward manipulations.

muscle tension.

In the context of physiological measures, the electromyogram is used to measure

the result will be natural behavior that truly reflects the feelings and intentions of the participants.

In the context of staged manipulations, researchers assume that

physiological

In the context of the types of measures, ________ measures are recordings of responses of the body.

self-report

Measures in which participants must describe themselves are ________ measures.

behavioral measure.

Nasser measures the amount of time two people spend gazing into each other's eyes as an indication of interpersonal attraction. In this scenario, Nasser is most likely using a(n)

insufficient strength of the manipulation.

Phillipe, a researcher, examined the effect of lighting on learning. Randomly selected participants were asked to learn the same chapter using either a 100-watt or a 125-watt bulb. He found no difference between the learning capacities of the two groups. The nonsignificant results may have occurred because of

staged

Ralph, a researcher, employs a confederate to push into a queue at a grocery store checkout counter in front of a person who is second and then another person who is ninth in line. He then records the number of verbal responses toward the confederate at each instance, as a measure of aggression. The manipulation employed in this scenario is an example of a ________manipulation.

sensitivity

The issue of ________ is particularly important when measuring human performance.

two independent variables with two levels each.

The simplest factorial design is the one that has

placebo group.

To analyze the effects of a new drug for anxiety developed by Solvit Wellness Inc., researchers conduct a study on two groups. Both the groups are informed about the usefulness of the drug in treating anxiety. However, only group A receives an injection of the actual drug, while group B receives an injection containing an inert substance. In this scenario, group B is known as a(n)

pilot study.

To study human behavioral patterns during crisis situations, Ciara first conducts a trial run with a small number of participants. She does this to make sure that the instructions are clear to the participants and the whole experimental setting is plausible. This procedure is an example of a

peer review

When Mr. Arthur, a researcher, submits a paper to a journal for publication, other researchers who are familiar with his area of research carefully scrutinize the paper and recommend acceptance or rejection. This process is known as

ceiling

When an independent variable appears to have no effect on a dependent measure only because participants quickly reach the maximum performance level, it is known as a(n) ________ effect.

It uses both independent groups (between-subjects) and repeated measures (within-subjects) variables.

Which of the following best describes a mixed factorial design?

the presence of subtle differences in the way an experimenter interprets participants' behaviors

Which of the following is a potential source of experimenter bias?

A design with only two levels of one independent variable cannot provide much information about the exact form of the relationship between the independent and dependent variables.

Which of the following is a reason a researcher may design an experiment with more than two levels of an independent variable?

Both involve expectations that may influence the behavior of study participants.

Which of the following is a similarity between demand characteristics and experimenter expectancy?

because of the problem of demand characteristicsCorrect

Why do experimenters generally do not wish to inform their participants about the specific hypotheses being studied?

Professional meetings

________are important opportunities for researchers to present their findings to other researchers and the public.