Exs216 Chapter 6 pt 3

Emily, a 64-year-old obese woman, was brought the the hospital suffering pain in her legs, and an x-ray revealed that she had a simple fracture in her right femur and a crack in her left tibia. Other tests revealed that her bones were brittle and porous. What might have happened to Emily, and what advice would she have been given by the physician? a. Emily has osteoarthritis. She should lost weight because her bones may not be able to support her body mass. b. Emily has a fractured leg. She needs to have her legs placed in a cast to allow bone repair to occur. c. Emily has osteoporosis. She needs to have her legs placed in a case to allow bone repair to occur, and she will be fine after that. d. Emily has osteoporosis. She should lose weight because her bones may not be able to support her body mass. e. Emily has osteomyelitis. She needs to take antibiotics to treat the bacterial infection that is making her bones porous, and needs to have her legs placed in a case to allow bone repair to occur.

Emily has osteoporosis. She should lose weight because her bones may not be able to support her body mass.

Flat bones consist of compact bone sandwiched btw spongey bone T/F

False

The main role of the appendicular skeleton is to protect and support body parts T/F

False

Why should people who live in the north take supplemental calcium with vitamin D?

People who live in the north have a decreased amount of sunlight exposure. vitamin D is manufactured by skin cells when exposed to sunlight, and is needed for absorption of dietary calcium.

Why, or why not, is swimming recommended as an exercise to prevent osteoporosis?

Swimming is not recommended to prevent osteoporosis, as it is not considered a weight-bearing exercise.

A 75-year-old woman and her 9-year-old granddaughter were victims of a train crash. In both cases, trauma to the chest was sustained. X-rays of the grandmother revealed several fractured ribs, but her granddaughter had no fractured ribs. Why are the injuries different for the granddaughter and grandmother? a. The child's ribcage was smaller and requires more pressure to cause it to break; the grandmothers ribcage was larger, and requires less pressure to cause it to break b. The child's bones were still growing and were repaired faster than the grandmother's bones. c. The child has more organic material in her bones, which allows them to bend; her grandmother's bones are extensively calcified, and are less flexible. d. The child has less organic material in her bones, which allows them to bend; her grandmother's bones contain more organic material, and are less flexible. e. The child's bones were protected by a thicker cushioning layer of adipose tissue; the grandmother's cushioning layer of adipose tissue was thin due to old age.

The child has more organic material in her bones, which allows them to bend; her grandmother's bones are extensively calcified, and are less flexible.

Alice and James adopted a 3-year old child from a developing country. They noticed that her legs were bowed and there were some deformities in her cranial and pelvic bones. What was the diagnosis, and what was the treatment for the disorder? a. The child most likely has osteomalacia. b. The child most likely has Paget's disease. c. The child most likely has osteoporosis. d. The child most likely has rickets. Treatment is to increase the intake of calcium and vitamin D in the diet, and to get some sunshine every day.

The child most likely has rickets. Treatment is to increase the intake of calcium and vitamin D in the diet, and to get some sunshine every day.

When should prevention of osteoporosis start?

The prevention of osteoporosis should begin with children while bones are still growing. Children should increase their bone mass to provide additional protection from osteoporosis in the future.

The process of bones increasing in width is known as ________ a. long bones reaching adult length and width b. concentric growth c. appositional growth d. closing of the epiphyseal plate

appositional growth

What is the final stage in the healing of a bone fracture? a. bone remodeling b. formation of a bony callus c. formation of a hematoma d. formation of a fibrocartilaginous callus

bone remodeling

Factors in preventing (or delaying) osteoporosis include: a. increasing dietary vitamin C b. decreasing weight-bearing exercise c. drinking fluoridated water d. decreasing exposure to the sun

drinking fluoridated water

The correct order (from start to finish) of fracture repair is: a. hematoma formation, bony callus formation, bone remodeling, and fibrocartilaginous callus formation b. bony callus formation, hematoma formation, fibrocartilaginous callus formation, and bone remodeling c. hematoma formation, fibrocartilaginous callus formation, bony callus formation, and bone remodeling d. bone remodeling, hematoma formation, fibrocartilaginous callus formation, and bony callus formation

hematoma formation, fibrocartilaginous callus formation, bony callus formation, and bone remodeling

Bones are constantly undergoing resorption for various reasons. Which of the following cells accomplishes this process? a. stem cell b. osteoclast c. osteoblast d. osteocyte

osteoclast

Which of the following refers to a bone disorder found most often in the aged and resulting in the bones becoming porous and light? a. osteomalacia b. osteoporosis c. rickets d. Paget's disease

osteoporosis

Which hormone increases osteoclast activity to release more calcium ions into the bloodstream? a. calcitonin b. parathyroid hormone c. estrogen d. thyroxine

parathyroid hormone