FA 12
1. Which of the following is not a characteristic of cancer cells? a. They have a single small nucleus. b. They have a small amount of cytoplasm. c. They have multiple nuclei. d. They have a coarse chromatin. e. They have large and multiple nucleoli.
A
13. Which virus has been linked to cervical cancer? a. human papillomavirus b. HIV c. Herpes Simplex Virus d. measles e. influenza
A
17. The genetic material of cells is duplicated during which stage of the cell cycle? a. S b. G1 c. Cytokinesis d. Mitosis e. G2
A
2. Cancer is all of the following EXCEPT a. a simple disease. b. capable of affecting different cells and tissues. c. characterized by uncontrolled cell division. d. capable of metastasizing. e. characterized by viable changes in cell characteristics.
A
20. Proteins encoded by the ____ genes turn off or decrease the rate of cell division. a. tumor suppressor b. oncogenes c. proto-oncogenes d. DNA repair e. DNA replication genes
A
25. In which of these cancers have RAS mutations been implicated? a. colon cancer b. cancer of the oral cavity c. lung cancer d. breast cancer e. skin cancer
A
26. Smoking cigarettes has been related to cancer of the a. oral cavity. b. cervix. c. breasts. d. stomach. e. colon.
A
5. Which of the following describes differences between normal cells and cancer cells? a. Normal cells have a large amount of cytoplasm, while cancer cells have a small amount of cytoplasm. b. Normal cells have multiple nuclei, while cancer cells have a single nucleus. c. Normal cells have coarse chromatin, while cancer cells have fine chromatin. d. Normal cells have multiple nucleoli, while cancer cells have a single nucleolus. e. Cancer cells exhibit controlled cell division, while normal cells exhibit uncontrolled cell division.
A
7. All of the following are characteristics of benign tumors EXCEPT they a. do not increase in size. b. do not spread. c. can sometimes be present as cysts. d. cause problems only when they become large enough to interfere with the normal functioning of neighboring organs. e. are considered noncancerous.
A
10. Cancer is a. a single disease that only affects a few different cell types. b. characterized by uncontrolled cell growth. c. always caused by a viral infection. d. always caused by a bacterial infection. e. All of these describe cancer.
B
14. ____ is the time between mitotic cell divisions. a. Metaphase b. Interphase c. Mitosis d. Cytokinesis e. G2
B
24. How does a mutation in the RAS gene lead to uncontrolled cellular division? a. The RAS protein can no longer act as a tumor suppressor. b. The RAS protein becomes stuck in the "on" position. c. The RAS protein gets stuck in the plasma membrane. d. The RAS protein becomes stuck in the "off" position. e. The RAS protein can no longer act to repair DNA damage.
B
4. ____ tumors have cells that can invade nearby tissues and spread to other parts of the body. a. Benign b. Malignant c. Carcinogenic d. Oncogenic e. Transduction
B
15. Cytokinesis refers to a. replication of the chromosomes. b. distribution of the chromosomes. c. division of the cytoplasm. d. the first phase of mitosis. e. S phase of interphase.
C
12. What is the normal function of a proto-oncogene? a. It suppresses mutational events b. It fights off parasitic infection c. It prevents protein assembly d. It turns on cellular division e. It turns off cellular division
D
18. During cell division, cytokinesis occurs after which phase of mitosis? a. prophase b. metaphase c. anaphase d. telophase e. interphase
D
23. Signal transduction begins with a. a series of protein molecules interacting within a cell. b. changes in gene expression. c. direct movement of the signal into the nucleus. d. binding of a signal to a receptor on the cell surface. e. release of a signal from a cell surface receptor.
D
11. What is the normal function of a tumor suppressor gene? a. It helps cells maintain the cytoplasm b. It prevents protein assembly c. It suppresses mutational events d. It activates cellular division e. It halts cellular division
E
16. Which of the following statements describes characteristics of cancerous cells? a. Cancerous cells respond to normal checkpoints. b. All cancer cells are the result of a bacterial infection. c. Cancer cells exhibit uncontrolled growth. d. All cancer cells have the ability to metastasize. e. All of these are true about cancerous cells.
E
19. The cell cycle checkpoints a. are regulated by oncogenes. b. act as barriers to cell division of cancerous cells. c. are bypassed by normal cells. d. prevent normal cells from dividing. e. keep cells with damaged DNA from dividing.
E
21. The two major checkpoints in the cell cycle are the a. prophase and metaphase checkpoints. b. G2/M and interphase/M checkpoints. c. G2/M and prophase checkpoints. d. G1/S and metaphase checkpoints. e. G1/S and G2/M checkpoints.
E
22. What are the different types of external signals that can activate a cell's signal transduction pathway? a. nerve stimulation b. hormones c. pollutants d. steroids e. All of these can act as external signals.
E
3. The spread of cancer from one part of the body to another is called a. benign movement. b. carcinogenic. c. tumor suppression. d. malignant movement. e. metastasis.
E
6. The development of cancer has been linked to all of the following EXCEPT a. mutations. b. exposure to carcinogens. c. diet. d. smoking cigarettes. e. use of drugs.
E
8. Which of the following statements about growth characteristics of cancer is FALSE? a. Cells reproduce by mitosis. b. Cells divide continuously. c. Cells can be invasive. d. Cells have the ability to form lumps. e. Tumors begin in multiple cells at the same time.
E
9. What is the mutated form of a proto-oncogene called? a. A tumor suppressor gene. b. A BRCA1 gene. c. A carcinogenic gene. d. A proto-suppressor gene. e. An oncogene.
E