failure is closer than you think

Which date belongs in the blank cell on this chart? picture 11

1915

What is one a reason for the staggering casualties that Russia suffered in World War I?

A poorly equipped army

Which listing represents the order in which these Allied nations joined the war against the Axis powers?

A. (1) France and Britain; (2) the Soviet Union; (3) the United States

(83) The westward advance shown on this map was carried out primarily by

A. British troops under the command of Bernard Montgomery.

"It all seemed unreal, a sort of dreaming while awake, men were screaming and dying all around me . . . I honestly could have walked the full length of the beach without touching the ground, they were that thickly strewn about."—U.S. soldier Melvin B. Farrell What was one result of the military operation described in the passage above?

A. The Allies began to close in on Germany from both the east and west.

"I . . . am here today to claim that justice which is due to my people, and the assistance promised to it eight months ago, when fifty nations asserted that aggression had been committed in violation of international treaties. There is no precedent for a Head of State himself speaking in this assembly. But there is also no precedent for a people being victim of such injustice and being at present threatened by abandonment to its aggressor." This speech, delivered at a meeting of the League of Nations, was prompted by what event?

A. The Italian invasion of Ethiopia

"An appeaser is one who feeds a crocodile hoping it will eat him last." This quotation most accurately reflects

A. Winston's Churchill's response to the Munich Pact.

(92) The destruction shown in this photograph was the result of the

A. dropping of the atomic bomb

"[It] started as a chance observation. My only merit is that I did not neglect the observation and that I pursued the subject as a bacteriologist." This passage describes a key moment in

Alexander Fleming's discovery of the first antibiotic

By the 1930s, South Africa was

An independent nation with a strict policy of racial separation

The Armenian refugees shown in this picture were fleeing from

Attempted genocide by the ottoman Turks

A consequence of Germany promising Austria a "blank check" was that

Austria sent Serbia an ultimatum to end all anti-Austrian agitation.

What can be inferred from these words, spoken by Winston Churchill in 1938? "And do not suppose that this is the end. This is only the beginning of the reckoning. This is only the first sip, the first foretaste of a bitter cup which will be proffered to us year by year unless by a supreme recovery of moral health and martial vigor, we arise again and take our stand for freedom as in the olden time."

B. Churchill did not believe the policy of appeasement would achieve its goals.

"The Governments of __________ . . . have decided to stand by and co-operate with one another in their efforts in Greater East Asia and the regions of Europe respectively wherein it is their prime purpose to establish and maintain a new order of things. . . . They further undertake to assist one another with all political, economic and military means if one of the Contracting Powers is attacked by a Power at present not involved in the European War or in the Japanese-Chinese conflict." What nations belong in the blank space in the above pact?

B. Germany, Italy, and Japan

From Hitler's point of view, what was the chief impact of the Nazi-Soviet Pact?

B. It allowed him to invade Poland without Soviet interference.

In what way was the Nazi-Soviet Pact similar to the treaty that created the Axis?

B. It enabled the signers to engage freely in aggressive actions.

(88) Why was the event shown in this photograph significant?

B. It held political and military leaders accountable for their wartime actions.

Why did the invasion of Poland launch World War II?

B. It led Britain and France to abandon the policy of appeasement.

What was one result of the Yalta Conference?

B. Staling pledged to enter the war against Japan.

(78) This map could be used to show the results of

B. the Anschluss

(100) Two of the three Allied leaders shown in this photograph had earlier cooperated by signing the

C. Atlantic Charter

(84) Based on this map, the invasion of Okinawa was a direct result of the

C. Battle of Iwo Jima

(99) In this photograph, taken in the Sudetenland in October 1938, who are these women greeting?

C. German troops who are annexing part of Czechoslovakia.

Which of the following is an example of wartime cooperation between Hitler and Mussolini?

C. The conquest of France

(87) Which of the following statements is supported by the information given on the above graphs?

D. Germany lost more than one tenth of its population during World War II.

Why was the Battle of the Bulge significant?

D. It was the last time Nazi forces went on the offensive.

Which of the following actions was a direct violation of the treaty that ended World War I?

D. The remilitarization of Germany

"Hitler knows that he will have to break us... or lose the war. If we can stand up to him, all Europe may be freed." Based on the information given, the words above were most likely spoken by:

D. Winston Churchill after the Dunkirk evacuation

(77) Which pairing of letters accurately matches the leader and the action taken by the leader?

D. d)-g)

"The time has come when action rather than speech is required. Eighteen months ago in this House I prayed that the responsibility might not fall upon me to ask this country to accept the awful arbitrament of war. I fear that I may not be able to avoid that responsibility. . . . It now only remains for us to set our teeth and to enter upon this struggle, which we ourselves earnestly endeavored to avoid, with determination to see it through to the end. " —Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain, speech to House of Commons What event led Chamberlain to make this speech?

D. the invasion of Poland

"I have never felt able to describe my emotional reaction when I first came face to face with indisputable evidence of Nazi brutality. . . . I visited every nook and cranny of the camp because I felt it my duty to be in a position from then on to testify at first hand about these things in case there ever grew up at home the belief or assumption that the stories of Nazi brutality were just propaganda." —General Dwight Eisenhower, letter to General George Marshall after inspecting Buchenwald According to Eisenhower, why did he make it a point to visit Buchenwald?

D. to counter any false claims that the Holocaust never happened

What was the main significance of flappers in the 1920s?

Flappers symbolized a postwar rejection of traditional values and attitudes

"If you woke up one morning and found that somebody had come to your house, and had declared that house belonged to him, you would naturally be surprised, and you would like to know by what arrangement." - Jomo Kenyatta The attitude expressed in the above quotation most closely aligns with the goals of

Garvey's African Nationalism

Who benefited most from the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk?

Germany

Which sentence completes this chart? picture on 34

Germany was forced to assume complete responsibility for financial reparations

The naval rivalry between Germany and Britain was the direct result of

Growing German imperialism in Africa

How did Mao Zedong differ from earlier Chinese Communists?

He believed that the Communists should seek support among the large peasant masses

Which measure did Lenin adopt in trying to achieve the promise made in the following quote? "We shall now occupy ourselves in Russia in building up a proletarian socialist state." —Lenin

He ended private ownership of land and distributed land to peasants.

Which statement best describes Sun Yixian's role in the development of modern China?

He set goals for a modern democratic nation that were never fully achieved

How did the man shown in this photograph contribute to the outbreak of the February revolution in Russia?

His influence over the Tsarina weakened faith in the government.

What was one reason the February revolution in Russia was less successful than the October revolution?

It failed to shake the existing government of Russia

What was the chief appeal of fascism to Italians after World War I?

It promised a strong and stable government

Which action of the Soviet government resulted in the event described in this quote? "The dreadful famine that engulfed Ukraine, the northern Caucasus, and the lower Volga River area in 1932-1933 was the result of Joseph Stalin's policy of forced collectivization. The heaviest losses occurred in Ukraine, which had been the most productive agricultural area of the Soviet Union." —Library of Congress

It seized all the grain to meet industrial goals

Which country fills in the blank space on this chart the picture on question 1

Italy

Which statement is best supported by the information given on this map? picture on 65

Japan looked to China for natural resources it lacked

Which sentence fits into the blank space on this chart? pictures on 75

Kristallnacht took place

Which conclusion is best supported by this pie graph? Picture on 52

Lázaro Cárdenas gave twice as much land to peasants as the six presidents before him

Why was the protest march shown here an example of civil disobedience? picture on 40

Marchers deliberately defied a laws passed by the colonial government

"The government of the day has passed a law which is applicable to me. I do not like it. If by using violence, I force the government to repeal the law, I am employing what may be termed body-force. If I do not obey the law, and accept the penalty for its breach, I use soul-force. It involves sacrifice of self." The author and subject of this passage are most likely

Mohandas Gandhi describing civil disobedience

"Either the government will be given to us or we shall seize it by marching on Rome." —Mussolini What was the result of the action Mussolini describes here?

Mussolini was legally appointed to head the government

"By 1910, the dictator Porfirio Díaz had ruled Mexico for almost 35 years, winning reelection as president again and again. On the surface, Mexico enjoyed peace and economic growth . . . However, underneath the surface, discontent rippled through Mexico." Which of the following is a fact that supports the statement above?

Peasants in Mexico did not benefit from Mexico's economic growth

Which statement describes a feature of "war communism" in Russia?

Peasants were forced to deliver their crops to feed the army and people in the cities

Which phrase completes this chart? Picture on 22

Pledged to defend Belgium

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of "total war" in World War I?

Propaganda campaigns encouraged people to grow their own food

""The second bullet struck the Archduke close to the heart. He uttered only one word, 'Sofia' — a call to his stricken wife. Then his head fell back and he collapsed. He died almost instantly." —Borjove Jevtic, co-conspirator What was the reason behind the incident described in this passage?

Serbian nationalism

Which of the following is the best example of a command economy?

Stalin's five-year plans in the Soviet Union

Which of the following was an unintended outcome of the passage of the Rowlatt Acts?

The Amritsar massacre took place

Why were posters like this one necessary to the U.S. war effort? picture on 31

The United States entered the war late and had little time to mobilize

What was one reason that the Great Depression spread quickly from the United States to other nations?

The United States tried to collect on war debts owed by France and England

What was a primary feature of economic nationalization in Mexico?

The government took control of oil resources.

Based on the information in this map, what was one impact of the Ottoman Empire joining the Central Powers? picture on 10

The location of the Ottoman empire helped it to disrupt Allied supply lines

Which of the following is the best example of how imperialism increased tensions in Europe in the years before World War I?

The moroccan crisis of 1904

How did Ottoman control of the Dardanelles and German submarine warfare in the Atlantic have a similar impact on World War II?

They both interfered with vital Allied supply lines

Which statement best describes Western countries' attempts to end the Great Depression?

They developed programs that lessened suffering but did not solve all the problems

"India Gate, an important monument of the city, is a memorial built in commemoration of more than 80,000 Indian soldiers who were killed during World War I." —National Portal of India, Government of India Why did the soldiers mentioned in this statement choose to fight in World War I?

They expected that their service would be a step toward self-rule or independence

What impact did rapid-fire machine guns have on the course of the war?

They helped prolong the stalemate because they made it difficult for troops to advance

How did the Allies fight against German vessels like the one shown in this picture?

They organized convoys of merchant ships protected by warships

Which of the following is the best example of how World War I was a total war?

Women took over many jobs in war industries

What was the immediate result of the sinking of the British liner Lusitania by a German u-boat?

Woodrow Wilson threaten to cut diplomatic ties with Germany.

The careers of Miriam Ferguson and Nancy Astor provide evidence that, after World War I,

a number of women in the West enjoyed new opportunities

This photograph illustrates Stalin's goal of picture on 72

breaking the power of the Russian Orthodox Church

These soldiers are marching through Belgium in August 1914, an action that Picture on question 6

brought Britain into the war.

"They broke our windowpanes, and the house became very cold. . . . We were standing there, outside in the cold, still in our night clothes, with only a coat thrown over . . . Then they made everyone lie face down on the ground . . . 'Now, they will shoot us,' we thought. We were very afraid." —Sophie Nussbaum The incident described here was a key moment in Hitler's

campaign of anti-Semitism

In the Soviet Union under Stalin, the kulaks led much of the opposition to

collectivization

The négritude movement in Africa had goals that were most similar to the goals of

cultural nationalism in Latin America

The goal of the Nuremberg Laws was to

deprive German Jews of citizenship and other basic rights

The image shown here could best be used to illustrate which of the following causes of World War I? Picture on 21

extreme nationalism

Which phrase best completes this chart? Picture on 54

famine and attacks by bandits

The British naval blockade of the North Sea contributed to

food shortages in Germany

The major goal of the Pan-Slavic movement in Serbia was to

free Serbia from Austrian domination.

Many soldiers like the ones shown here chose to fight in World War I because they hoped to picture on 33

gain self-rule or independence

This propaganda poster illustrates what aspect of Stalin's totalitarian rule in the Soviet Union? picture on 48

his five-year plans for industry

This image illustrates the impact on Germany of picture on 74

hyperinflation

"I suppose I resembled a kind of fish with my mouth open gasping for air. It seemed as if my lungs were gradually shutting down and my heart pounded away in my ears like the beat of a drum. . . . To get air into my lungs was real agony." —William Pressey, quoted in People at War 1914-1918 The weapon described in this passage was primarily used

in trench warfare

The goal of the poster below was to win support for a U.S. policy that Picture on 57

increased U.S. investment in Latin American industry

Which type of military technology played the largest role in creating the long stalemate on the Western Front?

machine guns

"I shall not live to see the Great War, but you will see it, and it will start in the east." When he made the above prediction, German chancellor Otto von Bismarck was most likely referring to

nationalist and ethnic tensions in the Balkans

The chief goal of the League of Nations was to

prevent future wars

Which phrase belongs in the blank space on this table? Picture on 53

radical reforms introduced by Mustafa Kemal

The peoples of Austria-Hungary, whose place among the nations we wish to see safeguarded and assured, should be accorded the freest opportunity of autonomous development. The quotation above, one of the Fourteen Points, reflects which goal of Woodrow Wilson?

self-determination

"I am glad to have fought in the same cause with Zapata ... and so many of my dear revolutionary friends who were left behind in the hills, their bones eaten by animals. I wasn't afraid. Just the opposite. I was glad. It's a beautiful thing to fight to realize an ideal." — Zeferino Diego Ferreira Based on the information in this quotation, for what "ideal" was Ferreira probably fighting?

social equality for peasants

The quotation below best describes what form of government? "In this form of government, a one-party dictatorship attempts to regulate every aspect of the lives of its citizens."

socialist

"The National Socialist movement must strive to eliminate the disproportion between our population and our area." —Adolph Hitler, Mein Kampf The above passage is most closely connected with which of Hitler's goals?

territorial expansion

This map includes information that shows the impact of Picture on 60

the Balfour Declaration

In the long term, who benefited the most from the journey depicted by the red arrows in this map? picture on 43

the Communists under Mao Zedong

Which situation shown on this map shaped Germany's military strategy in World War I? Picture on 23

the alliance between France and Russia

The passage below is an example of what theme common in western literature of the 1920s? "Our thoughts are clay, they are molded by the variation in the days—good, when we are in camp, and deadened when we are under fire." —Erich Maria Remarque, All Quiet on the Western Front

the realities of the Great War

What was one of the chief goals of the Guomindang leader shown here? picture on 64

to end the domination of the warlords in China

"There were vast stretches of mud, of fields once cultivated, but now scarred with pits ... rusty barbed wires. The roads were rivers of clay. They were lined with dugouts, cellars, and caves." —Richard Harding Davis, war correspondent This passage describes the impact of

trench warfare

The military technology shown in this illustration was important in World War I because it allowed Picture on 25

troops to attack targets more than 100 miles away