Fat Soluble Vitamins

How much of fat soluble vitamins can a person absorb?

40-60%

Sources of Vitamin A

50% animal...50% plant. animal-liver, fortified milk. plant- bright vegetables

Name the Fat Soluble Vitamins

A, D, E, K

Retinoids

Active forms of Vitamin A in the body- Retinol, Retinal, and Retinoic acid

Immune System

Acts as an antioxidant

Other names for Vitamin E

Alpha tocopherol tocopherol tocotrienol

Function of Vitamin E

Antioxidant

Vitamin A and growth

Assists in bone remodeling- or the loss of bone substance to promote growth. Also may play a role in hormones and steroids.

What do fat soluble vitamins require for digestion?

Bile

Function of Vitamin K

Blood clotting (prothrombin)

Toxicity of Vitamin D

Can cause an increase in calcium absorption and high levels of blood calcium. Stones can form, death can occur if blood levels are drastic.

Caratenoids

Dietary sources of vitamin A, including Beta-Carotene (pro vit. A)

Cell Differentiation

Epithelial cells and mucous membranes: are specialized cells. Particularly those of the skin, gut and lungs. Help in lubrication and removal of bacteria via fluids (nasal drainage, phlem, etc.)

Toxicity of vitamin E

GI disturbances

Vitamin K deficiency

Hemorrhagic (bleeding) disease Most at risk: long term antibiotic users

Where are fat soluble vitamins found in foods? Where are they stored in the body?

In fat and oily parts of food. Liver and adipose tissue.

Other names for Vitamin K

Menadione phylloquinone naphthoquinone

Vitamin K and newborns

Newborns do not have enough bacteria to produce vitamin K in adequate amounts to protect against injury. Vitamin K injections are given shortly after birth

Deficiency of Vitamin A

Night blindess Xeropthalmia Poor growth Dry Skin Infections... Deficiencies are rare...happen more in poverty and of children from third world countries.

Does cows milk and breast milk contain adequate amounts of vitamin D to sustain growth?

No, milk is fortified.

Do most people need vitamin D?

No.

What is a vitamin?

Organic (carbon-containing) compounds Regulate and promote chemical reactions Nutrients needed in small amounts Essential Do not require digestion Do not provide energy

Vitamin K sources

Produced by bacteria in your GI tract Liver Small amounts from GLV's

Vitamin K toxicity

Rare

Toxicity of Vitamin A

Redness of skin Fetal malformations Dermatitis Hair loss Bone malformations Hemorrhages Death

Calcitrol Definition

Regulates calcium and bone metabolism (mineralization)

Vitamin D Deficiency

Rickets (children) bone does not calcify properly and causes bowing of legs. Osteomalacia (adults)-bone mass loss due to lack of vitamin D, bowed legs, stooped. Risk groups: breast fed infants, elderly shut ins, females of multiple pregnancies.

Vitamin D Sources

Sunlight Animal sources: fortified milk, fish oils, tuna, salmon, egg yolk, liver

Function of Vitamin A

Vision- light and color Prevents drying of skin and eyes Promotes growth Supports the immune system (promotes resistance to bacteria)

Definition of Fat Soluble Vitamins

Vitamins that can be stored in the fatty tissues of the body Generally needed in smaller amounts Toxic if taken in large amounts

Sources of Vitamin E

Wide spread in foods vegetable oils some glv's egg yolk nuts and seeds

Can Vitamin A help with acne?

Yes. (Retin-A, Accutane)

Definition of antioxidant

cellular protector against chemical change

Deficiency of vitamin E

rare

What are cones and rods responsible for?

sorting light and colors.

As an antioxidant...vitamin E does...

lipid stability lungs and air pollution red and white blood cells vitamin A