Fat Soluble Vitamins
How much of fat soluble vitamins can a person absorb?
40-60%
Sources of Vitamin A
50% animal...50% plant. animal-liver, fortified milk. plant- bright vegetables
Name the Fat Soluble Vitamins
A, D, E, K
Retinoids
Active forms of Vitamin A in the body- Retinol, Retinal, and Retinoic acid
Immune System
Acts as an antioxidant
Other names for Vitamin E
Alpha tocopherol tocopherol tocotrienol
Function of Vitamin E
Antioxidant
Vitamin A and growth
Assists in bone remodeling- or the loss of bone substance to promote growth. Also may play a role in hormones and steroids.
What do fat soluble vitamins require for digestion?
Bile
Function of Vitamin K
Blood clotting (prothrombin)
Toxicity of Vitamin D
Can cause an increase in calcium absorption and high levels of blood calcium. Stones can form, death can occur if blood levels are drastic.
Caratenoids
Dietary sources of vitamin A, including Beta-Carotene (pro vit. A)
Cell Differentiation
Epithelial cells and mucous membranes: are specialized cells. Particularly those of the skin, gut and lungs. Help in lubrication and removal of bacteria via fluids (nasal drainage, phlem, etc.)
Toxicity of vitamin E
GI disturbances
Vitamin K deficiency
Hemorrhagic (bleeding) disease Most at risk: long term antibiotic users
Where are fat soluble vitamins found in foods? Where are they stored in the body?
In fat and oily parts of food. Liver and adipose tissue.
Other names for Vitamin K
Menadione phylloquinone naphthoquinone
Vitamin K and newborns
Newborns do not have enough bacteria to produce vitamin K in adequate amounts to protect against injury. Vitamin K injections are given shortly after birth
Deficiency of Vitamin A
Night blindess Xeropthalmia Poor growth Dry Skin Infections... Deficiencies are rare...happen more in poverty and of children from third world countries.
Does cows milk and breast milk contain adequate amounts of vitamin D to sustain growth?
No, milk is fortified.
Do most people need vitamin D?
No.
What is a vitamin?
Organic (carbon-containing) compounds Regulate and promote chemical reactions Nutrients needed in small amounts Essential Do not require digestion Do not provide energy
Vitamin K sources
Produced by bacteria in your GI tract Liver Small amounts from GLV's
Vitamin K toxicity
Rare
Toxicity of Vitamin A
Redness of skin Fetal malformations Dermatitis Hair loss Bone malformations Hemorrhages Death
Calcitrol Definition
Regulates calcium and bone metabolism (mineralization)
Vitamin D Deficiency
Rickets (children) bone does not calcify properly and causes bowing of legs. Osteomalacia (adults)-bone mass loss due to lack of vitamin D, bowed legs, stooped. Risk groups: breast fed infants, elderly shut ins, females of multiple pregnancies.
Vitamin D Sources
Sunlight Animal sources: fortified milk, fish oils, tuna, salmon, egg yolk, liver
Function of Vitamin A
Vision- light and color Prevents drying of skin and eyes Promotes growth Supports the immune system (promotes resistance to bacteria)
Definition of Fat Soluble Vitamins
Vitamins that can be stored in the fatty tissues of the body Generally needed in smaller amounts Toxic if taken in large amounts
Sources of Vitamin E
Wide spread in foods vegetable oils some glv's egg yolk nuts and seeds
Can Vitamin A help with acne?
Yes. (Retin-A, Accutane)
Definition of antioxidant
cellular protector against chemical change
Deficiency of vitamin E
rare
What are cones and rods responsible for?
sorting light and colors.
As an antioxidant...vitamin E does...
lipid stability lungs and air pollution red and white blood cells vitamin A
