FCS 342 Final Exam (ch.3.4.5.6.11)

What group consists of fat-soluble vitamins?

A, D, E, K.

Which statement best describes B vitamins?

B Vitamins become part of coenzymes

Cholesterol______.

Can be synthesized by the whole body

The bodies preferred food energy source is _____.

Carbohydrates

The diet that provides an edge in endurance competition is one that provides abundant ______.

Carbohydrates

How does the type of food eaten influence stomach emptying rate?

Carbohydrates pass through the stomach more quickly than protein.

What chemical stimulates the gallbladder to send bile into the small intestine?

Cholecystokinin

Starch is a _____.

Complex Carbohydrate

What nutrient remains in the digested mixture upon reaching the end of the small intestine?

Dissolved minerals

Eating too much sugar means getting too many_____.

Empty calories

Within a wheat kernel, the soft, white portion containing starch and protein is called the _____.

Endosperm

Thiamin is involved in _____.

Energy release from carbohydrates

Vitamin E is ______.

Found mostly in vegetable oils

Which simple carbohydrate is known as fruit sugar?

Fructose

Which food selection is the lowest in protein?

Fruit salad

A possible benefit of a moderate intake of caffeine prior to an event for an endurance athlete is its ______ effect.

Glycogen-sparing

The condition in which muscles increase in size is called _____.

Hypertrophy

What is another name for low blood glucose?

Hypoglycemia

It is established that vitamin C functions ______.

In collagen formation

What hormone lowers high levels of glucose in the blood?

Insulin

Which two minerals need special attention in the diets of all vegetarians?

Iron and Zinc

What is the condition in which the body is unable to digest lactose?

Lactose intolerance

The _____ produces bile and the _____stores it.

Liver, Gallbladder

The disaccharide made up of two glucose molecules is _____.

Maltose

What is the only animal derived food that contains significant amounts of carbohydrates?

Milk

A likely result of exercising vigorously for an hour in hot, humid weather without drinking any fluids is _____.

Muscle Cramping and Fatigue

What role does bicarbonate play in digestion?

Neutralizes acid from the stomach in the small intestine.

which element is found in all proteins but is absent in carbohydrates or fats?

Nitrogen

The fibers in food are _____.

Not digested by human enzymes

The vitamin D deficiency disease in adults is called _____.

Osteomalacia

Marta tries to avoid sugar because she believes it is responsible for making her over weight, giving her husband diabetes, and causing hyperactivity in her grandchildren. what condition has verifiably been linked to sugar by research studies?

Tooth Decay

What are "free radicals"?

Toxic compounds created in the body that may contribute to certain chronic diseases

Eating more fiber promotes fat and cholesterol excretion

True

Flaxseed oil and soybean oil are good sources of omega-3 fatty acids

True

Lecithin is a major constituent of cell membranes

True

Muscle Protein breakdown occurs during heavy exercise

True

Muscle endurance is a muscles power to keep going for long periods.

True

MyPlate food guide identifies legumes as the only food featured in two different categories, the vegetables group and protein group.

True

One of the effects of cardiovascular conditioning is an increase in total blood volume

True

Soluble fibers help lower blood cholesterol levels

True

The body can store fat in practically unlimited amounts

True

The formation of collagen required vitamin C

True

Vitamin B12 is most likely to be found in a meat eaters diet

True

When mast cells release histamine, an allergic reaction can occur

True

When there is a great shortage of amino acids, the body must break down such tissues as blood, muscle, and skin.

True

With energy needs met in the diet, excess protein is stored as fat.

True

With exposure to sunlight, vitamin D can be made by humans

True

a vegan excludes all animal derived foods from the diet

True

When the diet contains an addequate amount of protein, the body can synthesize niacin from the amino acid ______.

Tryptophan

Which type of vegetarian excludes all animal derived foods?

Vegan

What substances are normally present in feces?

Water, bile pigments, fiber, and bacteria

The protein RDA for adults is ______g/kg/day but up to ______g/kg/day is recommended for body builders

.8, 1.7

The volume of an empty stomach is about ____but its capacity can increase to about ____after eating or drinking

1-1/2 Ounces, 1 liter

What is the maximum heart rate for a person who is 30 years old?

190

Breaks down starch into smaller chains of glucose molecules

Amylase

A general function of Vitamin C is its action as a bad ______.

Antioxidant

Which product is a rich source of starch?

Beans

Which food contains cholesterol?

Beef Liver

A high fiber diet is typically high in dietary cholesterol

False

Absorption of monosaccharides takes place in the large intestine

False

All of the food from the stomach is pushed into the small intestine at one time

False

Bile salts play a roles in absorption of water-soluble vitamins

False

Cholesterol is found in plant and animal foods

False

Essential amino acids are those that the healthy adult body can synthesize, given the needed parts

False

Essential nutrients are synthesized by the body in amounts sufficient to meet physiological needs.

False

Fat is used efficiently as fuel by the brain and nerves

False

Fat provides the optimal form of energy for the brain

False

One of the functions of fat is storing genetic information

False

Phytochemicals in supplements are superior to the phytochemicals found in foods

False

Supplements are strongly encouraged as a means to help athletes meet recommended needs for the antioxidant nutrients

False

The body's form of stored glucose is called glucagon

False

The colon has the same type of mixing and peristaltic movements as in order sections of the digestive tract, but they occur more frequently.

False

The national Cancer institute estimates that most cancers are caused by a person's genetic makeup

False

The primary role of fiber in the diet is to provide quick energy

False

The small intestine, while smaller in diameter than the large intestine, is approximately the same length as the large intestine

False

With repeated overload, the body breaks down and ultimately weakens

False

the Physical Fitness Guidelines for Americans stresses the level of activity more than the total amount of activity carried out each week.

False

Long duration, low intensity, exercise demands energy mostly from stored ______.

Fat

Ketone bodies are produced from the incomplete breakdown of ____when ____ is unavailable for the brain and nerve cells.

Fat, Glucose

What nutrients are carried initially in the lymphatic system after absorption through the small intestine?

Fat-soluble vitamins

A refined grain product that is enriched is still lacking _____.

Fiber

When present in the small intestine____stimulates prestalis

Fiber

When a formerly sedentary person is trying to become fit, ______ is very important.

Following an exercise routine consistently

What task is a major function of the stomach?

Producing chyme

What nutrient is broken into smaller polypeptide fragments through digestive process that occur in the stomach?

Protein

What body structure controls the flow of chyme into the small intestine?

Pyloric Sphincter

What is the circular muscle surrounding the lower end of the stomach that controls the exodus of stomach contents?

Pyloric Sphincter

Which food has the most grams of saturated fat per serving portion?

Regular cheddar cheese

The greatest single source of added sugars in the American diet is ____.

Regular soft drinks

Eunice is a 60-year old woman who is trying to increase the amount of fiber in her diet in order to meet the (Blank). What change would be best for her to make?

Replace her morning flour croissant with a whole wheat bagel.

Which food is least likely to cause food allergies?

Rice

A vitamin D deficiency in children is called ______.

Rickets

Fats provide _____ by ______.

Satiety, slowing stomach emptying

What is the main site of digestion and absorption of nutrients?

Small Intestine

What are the two major types of complex carbohydrates?

Starch and fiber

Kyle wants to improve his fitness and drop a few pounds. The most important thing Kyle can do to achieve these goals is to ______.

Start a daily or weekly exercise routine and stick to it consistently.

High blood levels of homocysteine _____.

Tend to be associated with low blood levels of vitamin B12, vitamin B6, and folate.