FCS 342 Final Exam (ch.3.4.5.6.11)
What group consists of fat-soluble vitamins?
A, D, E, K.
Which statement best describes B vitamins?
B Vitamins become part of coenzymes
Cholesterol______.
Can be synthesized by the whole body
The bodies preferred food energy source is _____.
Carbohydrates
The diet that provides an edge in endurance competition is one that provides abundant ______.
Carbohydrates
How does the type of food eaten influence stomach emptying rate?
Carbohydrates pass through the stomach more quickly than protein.
What chemical stimulates the gallbladder to send bile into the small intestine?
Cholecystokinin
Starch is a _____.
Complex Carbohydrate
What nutrient remains in the digested mixture upon reaching the end of the small intestine?
Dissolved minerals
Eating too much sugar means getting too many_____.
Empty calories
Within a wheat kernel, the soft, white portion containing starch and protein is called the _____.
Endosperm
Thiamin is involved in _____.
Energy release from carbohydrates
Vitamin E is ______.
Found mostly in vegetable oils
Which simple carbohydrate is known as fruit sugar?
Fructose
Which food selection is the lowest in protein?
Fruit salad
A possible benefit of a moderate intake of caffeine prior to an event for an endurance athlete is its ______ effect.
Glycogen-sparing
The condition in which muscles increase in size is called _____.
Hypertrophy
What is another name for low blood glucose?
Hypoglycemia
It is established that vitamin C functions ______.
In collagen formation
What hormone lowers high levels of glucose in the blood?
Insulin
Which two minerals need special attention in the diets of all vegetarians?
Iron and Zinc
What is the condition in which the body is unable to digest lactose?
Lactose intolerance
The _____ produces bile and the _____stores it.
Liver, Gallbladder
The disaccharide made up of two glucose molecules is _____.
Maltose
What is the only animal derived food that contains significant amounts of carbohydrates?
Milk
A likely result of exercising vigorously for an hour in hot, humid weather without drinking any fluids is _____.
Muscle Cramping and Fatigue
What role does bicarbonate play in digestion?
Neutralizes acid from the stomach in the small intestine.
which element is found in all proteins but is absent in carbohydrates or fats?
Nitrogen
The fibers in food are _____.
Not digested by human enzymes
The vitamin D deficiency disease in adults is called _____.
Osteomalacia
Marta tries to avoid sugar because she believes it is responsible for making her over weight, giving her husband diabetes, and causing hyperactivity in her grandchildren. what condition has verifiably been linked to sugar by research studies?
Tooth Decay
What are "free radicals"?
Toxic compounds created in the body that may contribute to certain chronic diseases
Eating more fiber promotes fat and cholesterol excretion
True
Flaxseed oil and soybean oil are good sources of omega-3 fatty acids
True
Lecithin is a major constituent of cell membranes
True
Muscle Protein breakdown occurs during heavy exercise
True
Muscle endurance is a muscles power to keep going for long periods.
True
MyPlate food guide identifies legumes as the only food featured in two different categories, the vegetables group and protein group.
True
One of the effects of cardiovascular conditioning is an increase in total blood volume
True
Soluble fibers help lower blood cholesterol levels
True
The body can store fat in practically unlimited amounts
True
The formation of collagen required vitamin C
True
Vitamin B12 is most likely to be found in a meat eaters diet
True
When mast cells release histamine, an allergic reaction can occur
True
When there is a great shortage of amino acids, the body must break down such tissues as blood, muscle, and skin.
True
With energy needs met in the diet, excess protein is stored as fat.
True
With exposure to sunlight, vitamin D can be made by humans
True
a vegan excludes all animal derived foods from the diet
True
When the diet contains an addequate amount of protein, the body can synthesize niacin from the amino acid ______.
Tryptophan
Which type of vegetarian excludes all animal derived foods?
Vegan
What substances are normally present in feces?
Water, bile pigments, fiber, and bacteria
The protein RDA for adults is ______g/kg/day but up to ______g/kg/day is recommended for body builders
.8, 1.7
The volume of an empty stomach is about ____but its capacity can increase to about ____after eating or drinking
1-1/2 Ounces, 1 liter
What is the maximum heart rate for a person who is 30 years old?
190
Breaks down starch into smaller chains of glucose molecules
Amylase
A general function of Vitamin C is its action as a bad ______.
Antioxidant
Which product is a rich source of starch?
Beans
Which food contains cholesterol?
Beef Liver
A high fiber diet is typically high in dietary cholesterol
False
Absorption of monosaccharides takes place in the large intestine
False
All of the food from the stomach is pushed into the small intestine at one time
False
Bile salts play a roles in absorption of water-soluble vitamins
False
Cholesterol is found in plant and animal foods
False
Essential amino acids are those that the healthy adult body can synthesize, given the needed parts
False
Essential nutrients are synthesized by the body in amounts sufficient to meet physiological needs.
False
Fat is used efficiently as fuel by the brain and nerves
False
Fat provides the optimal form of energy for the brain
False
One of the functions of fat is storing genetic information
False
Phytochemicals in supplements are superior to the phytochemicals found in foods
False
Supplements are strongly encouraged as a means to help athletes meet recommended needs for the antioxidant nutrients
False
The body's form of stored glucose is called glucagon
False
The colon has the same type of mixing and peristaltic movements as in order sections of the digestive tract, but they occur more frequently.
False
The national Cancer institute estimates that most cancers are caused by a person's genetic makeup
False
The primary role of fiber in the diet is to provide quick energy
False
The small intestine, while smaller in diameter than the large intestine, is approximately the same length as the large intestine
False
With repeated overload, the body breaks down and ultimately weakens
False
the Physical Fitness Guidelines for Americans stresses the level of activity more than the total amount of activity carried out each week.
False
Long duration, low intensity, exercise demands energy mostly from stored ______.
Fat
Ketone bodies are produced from the incomplete breakdown of ____when ____ is unavailable for the brain and nerve cells.
Fat, Glucose
What nutrients are carried initially in the lymphatic system after absorption through the small intestine?
Fat-soluble vitamins
A refined grain product that is enriched is still lacking _____.
Fiber
When present in the small intestine____stimulates prestalis
Fiber
When a formerly sedentary person is trying to become fit, ______ is very important.
Following an exercise routine consistently
What task is a major function of the stomach?
Producing chyme
What nutrient is broken into smaller polypeptide fragments through digestive process that occur in the stomach?
Protein
What body structure controls the flow of chyme into the small intestine?
Pyloric Sphincter
What is the circular muscle surrounding the lower end of the stomach that controls the exodus of stomach contents?
Pyloric Sphincter
Which food has the most grams of saturated fat per serving portion?
Regular cheddar cheese
The greatest single source of added sugars in the American diet is ____.
Regular soft drinks
Eunice is a 60-year old woman who is trying to increase the amount of fiber in her diet in order to meet the (Blank). What change would be best for her to make?
Replace her morning flour croissant with a whole wheat bagel.
Which food is least likely to cause food allergies?
Rice
A vitamin D deficiency in children is called ______.
Rickets
Fats provide _____ by ______.
Satiety, slowing stomach emptying
What is the main site of digestion and absorption of nutrients?
Small Intestine
What are the two major types of complex carbohydrates?
Starch and fiber
Kyle wants to improve his fitness and drop a few pounds. The most important thing Kyle can do to achieve these goals is to ______.
Start a daily or weekly exercise routine and stick to it consistently.
High blood levels of homocysteine _____.
Tend to be associated with low blood levels of vitamin B12, vitamin B6, and folate.
