Federal Government Exam 1
Under Chief Justice John Marshall, the early Supreme Court generally
increased national power.
National sovereignty is defined as
a political entity's externally recognized right to exercise final authority over its affairs.
According to the text, only libertarians and ____________ are consistent in their attitude toward the scope of government activity.
communitarians
A central question in the McCulloch case was whether or not Congress had the power to
establish a national bank.
Social order is usually defined as
established patterns of authority and traditional modes of behavior
According to the text, one could see the rise of coercive federalism as simply shifting the pluralist struggle from
state capitals to Washington D.C..
The lines that define congressional districts are usually drawn by
state legislatures.
Antifederalists attacked the proposed Constitution on the grounds that
the national government it created was too strong.
The basic premise of federalism is that
two or more governments share power and authority over the same land and people.
According to the text, political liberals feared stronger states' rights because it
allowed inequality and supported racism.
The constitution expressly gives the federal government the power to _____________ within the states.
create a postal system
When responding to the economic downturn that afflicted the nation at the beginning of his first term, President Obama drew on the logic of
the New Deal and the preamble to the U.S. Constitution.
Historian Jack Rakove argues that in the Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson was arguing for
the collective right of revolution and self-government.
Article VI of the constitution contains provisions establishing
the supremacy clause and the no religious test clause.
A(n) _____ forbids state governments from exercising certain powers.
restraint
The notion that governmental authority springs from the consent of the governed is derived from
social contract theory
Hobbes's state of nature refers to
society without government.
Based on 2012 data from the U.S. Census Bureau, the United States is home to as many as __________ local governments of different sorts.
90,000
Protection of private property is NOT a valid objective of government according to
Karl Marx
Franklin Roosevelt's four freedoms included all of the following except
Freedom from inequality
Communist regimes that gave their police great powers to arrest and imprison suspicious people raised a conflict between
Freedom from order
Under separation of powers, the U.S. system keeps power among branches balanced by enabling one branch to counter the actions of another by the use of
checks and balances
A power NOT specifically mentioned in the Constitution but necessary if another specific grant of power is to be carried out is called a(n) _________ power.
implied
According to the New Jersey Plan, how was representation to be structured in Congress?
There would be one house, and all states would have equal representation in it.
A person who favors government ownership of some basic industries and a strong government role in directing the economy would best be labeled a(n)
socialist
Using the state to redistribute income is a policy based on
the philosophy of Karl Marx.
In recent years, the Supreme Court has denied states the power to execute individuals who are
mentally disabled and/or seventeen years old.
The process of preclearance is used when states are
redistricting
To date, all constitutional amendments have been proposed by
two-thirds vote in both the House and the Senate.
To amend the Articles of Confederation required a(n)
unanimous vote of the Confederation Congress.
Federalist No. 10 and Federalist No. 51 each argue, from different angles, that the constitution combats
tyranny of the majority.
Alexander Hamilton is probably best known for
writing the Federalist Papers.
Problems with establishing democracy in Iraq are, according to the text, chiefly a function of the fact that
"There is no meaningful Iraqi identity."
Including the Bill of Rights, __________ amendments have been added to the Constitution.
27
Which of the following statements regarding the New Deal era is incorrect?
Congress temporarily claimed extra constitutional powers to meet the national emergency.
Supporters of the Constitution named themselves
Federalists
Which of the following is not categorized as a civil liberty in the United States?
Freedom of equality
Which political philosopher inspired the phrase "life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness" in the Declaration of Independence?
John Locke
Which of the following philosophers is usually associated with socialism?
Karl Marx
In the 2011 Chamber of Commerce of the United States v. Whiting decision, the Roberts Court upheld which state law?
Legal Arizona Workers Act
_____are more likely to favor generous government support for education and housing.
Liberals
According to the text, the concept of _____ encompasses preserving life, protecting property, and maintaining patterns of social relationships.
Order
Democratic governments that have in the decades since World War II been, at times, avowedly socialist include
Sweden and Germany
Which document proclaimed, "Each state retains its sovereignty, freedom, and independence, and every power, jurisdiction, and right, which is not ... expressly delegated to the United States"?
The Articles of Confederation
Which of the following is NOT an essential premise of dual federalism?
The relationship between nation and state is best characterized by cooperation.
John Locke's views on government are expressed in
Two Treatises on Government.
Home rule is
a local government's ability to tax those people who shop within that local government's boundaries.
A confederation can best be described as
a loose association of independent states.
The Great Compromise provided for
a two-chamber legislature with equal representation for all states in one chamber and population-based representation in the other.
One example of government focus on equality of outcome is
affirmative action programs.
REAL ID, a federal mandate that imposes security standards for state driver's licenses, is an example of
an unfunded mandate.
In his 2014 State of the Union address, President Obama proposed that the minimum wage
be raised to $10.10.
Compared to citizens in other nations, Americans are more likely to
choose freedom over equality.
Documents leaked by Edward Snowden showed that the National Security Agency had
collected data on domestic phone conversations of ordinary Americans.
The Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) is an example of _________ federalism.
cooperative
Under the Constitution, the slave trade
could be ended after twenty years.
If universities increase funding for women's sports so that they receive comparable funding to men's, that is an example of
equality of outcome.
The constitutional amendment process requires
extraordinary majorities.
Shays's Rebellion consisted of
farmers trying to prevent foreclosure on their property for high taxes levied to finance the state's wartime debt.
Unless they are impeached, federal judges serve
for life
The _________ guaranteed citizenship to all persons, including blacks.
fourteenth amendment
What Madison called factions, are today called
interest groups
In McCulloch v. Maryland, the Court argued that "the power to tax...
involves the power to destroy."
Under the U.S. Constitution, the national government
lacks a general police power.
Which metaphor best describes dual federalism?
layer cake
As derived from John Locke's philosophy, the doctrine of liberalism holds that government should
leave citizens free to further their individual pursuits.
One similarity between the Virginia Plan and the New Jersey Plan was that both plans
left unspecified how many people might comprise the executive.
A(n) _____is likely to believe that helping the needy should be a matter of individual choice.
libertarian
According to your text, the difference between libertarianism and John Locke-inspired liberalism is
libertarianism puts a greater emphasis on individual freedom.
According to Thomas Hobbes, author of Leviathan, the proper objective of government is to
maintain order
Once ratified, the Constitution was quickly amended with the Bill of Rights to assuage concerns that this new government
might infringe on personal liberty.
When Roger B. Taney became chief justice in 1836, the Court imposed firm limits on the powers of
national government
A constitutional clause that allows for a broad interpretation of implied powers is known as the__________ clause.
necessary and proper
The text of the Constitution deals with slavery by
not mentioning it directly
An estimated _________ American colonists remained loyal to the British Crown.
one in five
In general, libertarianism is characterized by
opposing all government action except that which protects life and property.
According to John Marshall's decision in McCulloch v. Maryland (1819), the elastic clause might be interpreted to mean that Congress can take a particular action not specified in the Constitution if that action is
plainly adapted to achieving a legitimate constitutional end.
Each citizen having one vote demonstrates
political equality
The last seventeen amendments to the Constitution fall into three main categories: they make public policy, they correct deficiencies in the government's structure or they
promote equality.
The process of redrawing boundaries for electoral jurisdictions is known as
redistricting
Although the United States is a capitalist country, the government does intervene in the economic arena, primarily through
regulating private business
Originally, the Constitutional Convention's purpose was to
revise the Articles of Confederation.
The assignment in the Constitution of lawmaking, law-enforcing, and law-interpreting functions to the legislative, executive, and judicial branches respectively is known as
separation of powers.
The fifty-five signatories of the Declaration of Independence were courageous in their actions because
signing the Declaration was treason and punishable by hanging and drawing and quartering.
Western Europe's experience with democratic socialism demonstrates that
socialism can be practiced along with personal freedoms and democratic participation.
A government pursuing laissez-faire policies would
take a hands-off attitude toward the economy
From the 1930s to the mid-1990s, the Supreme Court
tended to support expansion of national authority.
The government's role in redistributing income to promote economic equality has been a major source of debate in the United States ever since
the Great Depression.
Which amendments were the only ones to limit the activities of individuals?
the Thirteenth and Eighteenth Amendments
The national government can act on individuals if
the action is based on a constitutionally delegated power.
The original procedure for selecting the vice president, under the electoral college, was
the candidate with the next-greatest number of votes would become vice president.
In the last 200 years, Congress has tremendously increased the scope of the national government by using
the elastic clause combined with its enumerated powers.
The power to coin money belongs to __________ and the power to grant divorces belongs to
the federal government; the states.
The Constitution explicitly recognizes
the national government and state governments.
The general conclusion of the Supreme Court in United States v. Lopez was that
there are limits to the national government's ability to regulate behavior based on the commerce clause.
Anarchism is the political opposite of
totalitarianism
The desire to avoid potential foreign prosecution of its soldiers and the desire to continue practicing the death penalty led the United States in 2002 to
withdraw from the 1998 treaty creating an International Criminal Court.
The Federalist Papers were drafted by
Madison, Hamilton, and Jay
According to the theory of dual federalism, __________________ the nation and the states.
a rigid wall separates
According to the text, politicians openly call for more order
during times of social strife.
The American Revolution was a costly war that
lasted for 8 years and 5 months.
Amendments to the constitution may be proposed by two-thirds votes in both the House and the Senate or by a
national convention.
In Dred Scott, the Supreme Court decided that Congress had no power to
prohibit slavery.
The chief objective of the First Continental Congress was to
restore peaceful relations between the colonies and Great Britain.
Preclearance is the process of
submitting redistricting plans to the Justice Department for approval.
Which of the following is an incorrect description of the cooperative federalism model?
The functions and responsibilities of the national and state governments are clearly defined.
Thomas Hobbes's ideal form of government was
a single ruler with unquestioned authority.