Federal Government Exam 1

Under Chief Justice John Marshall, the early Supreme Court generally

increased national power.

​National sovereignty is defined as

a political entity's externally recognized right to exercise final authority over its affairs.

​According to the text, only libertarians and ____________ are consistent in their attitude toward the scope of government activity.

communitarians

A central question in the McCulloch case was whether or not Congress had the power to

establish a national bank.

Social order is usually defined as

established patterns of authority and traditional modes of behavior

According to the text, one could see the rise of coercive federalism as simply shifting the pluralist struggle from

state capitals to Washington D.C..

The lines that define congressional districts are usually drawn by

state legislatures.

Antifederalists attacked the proposed Constitution on the grounds that

the national government it created was too strong.

The basic premise of federalism is that

two or more governments share power and authority over the same land and people.

According to the text, political liberals feared stronger states' rights because it​

​allowed inequality and supported racism.

The constitution ​expressly gives the federal government the power to _____________ within the states.

​create a postal system

​When responding to the economic downturn that afflicted the nation at the beginning of his first term, President Obama drew on the logic of

​the New Deal and the preamble to the U.S. Constitution.

​Historian Jack Rakove argues that in the Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson was arguing for

​the collective right of revolution and self-government.

Article VI of the constitution contains provisions establishing​

​the supremacy clause and the no religious test clause.

A(n) _____ forbids state governments from exercising certain powers.

restraint

​The notion that governmental authority springs from the consent of the governed is derived from

social contract theory

Hobbes's state of nature refers to

society without government.

Based on 2012 data from the U.S. Census Bureau, the United States is home to as many as __________ local governments of different sorts.

90,000

Protection of private property is NOT a valid objective of government according to​

Karl Marx

Franklin Roosevelt's four freedoms included all of the following except

Freedom from inequality

Communist regimes that gave their police great powers to arrest and imprison suspicious people raised a conflict between

Freedom from order

Under separation of powers, the U.S. system keeps power among branches balanced by enabling one branch to counter the actions of another by the use of

checks and balances

A power NOT specifically mentioned in the Constitution but necessary if another specific grant of power is to be carried out is called a(n) _________ power.

implied

According to the New Jersey Plan, how was representation to be structured in Congress?

There would be one house, and all states would have equal representation in it.

A person who favors government ownership of some basic industries and a strong government role in directing the economy would best be labeled a(n)

socialist

Using the state to redistribute income is a policy based on​

​the philosophy of Karl Marx.

In recent years, the Supreme Court has denied states the power to execute individuals who are

mentally disabled and/or seventeen years old.

The process of preclearance is used when states are

redistricting

To date, all constitutional amendments have been proposed by

two-thirds vote in both the House and the Senate.

To amend the Articles of Confederation required a(n)

unanimous vote of the Confederation Congress.

​Federalist No. 10 and Federalist No. 51 each argue, from different angles, that the constitution combats

​tyranny of the majority.

​Alexander Hamilton is probably best known for

​writing the Federalist Papers.

Problems with establishing democracy in Iraq are, according to the text, chiefly a function of the fact that​

"There is no meaningful Iraqi identity."

Including the Bill of Rights, __________ amendments have been added to the Constitution.

27

Which of the following statements regarding the New Deal era is incorrect?

Congress temporarily claimed extra constitutional powers to meet the national emergency.

Supporters of the Constitution named themselves

Federalists

Which of the following is not categorized as a civil liberty in the United States?

Freedom of equality

Which political philosopher inspired the phrase "life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness" in the Declaration of Independence?

John Locke

Which of the following philosophers is usually associated with socialism?

Karl Marx

In the 2011 Chamber of Commerce of the United States v. Whiting decision, the Roberts Court upheld which state law?

Legal Arizona Workers Act

_____are more likely to favor generous government support for education and housing.

Liberals

According to the text, the concept of _____ encompasses preserving life, protecting property, and maintaining patterns of social relationships.

Order

​Democratic governments that have in the decades since World War II been, at times, avowedly socialist include

Sweden and Germany

Which document proclaimed, "Each state retains its sovereignty, freedom, and independence, and every power, jurisdiction, and right, which is not ... expressly delegated to the United States"?

The Articles of Confederation

Which of the following is NOT an essential premise of dual federalism?

The relationship between nation and state is best characterized by cooperation.

John Locke's views on government are expressed in

Two Treatises on Government.

Home rule is

a local government's ability to tax those people who shop within that local government's boundaries.

A confederation can best be described as

a loose association of independent states.

The Great Compromise provided for

a two-chamber legislature with equal representation for all states in one chamber and population-based representation in the other.

​One example of government focus on equality of outcome is

affirmative action programs.

REAL ID, a federal mandate that imposes security standards for state driver's licenses, is an example of

an unfunded mandate.

​In his 2014 State of the Union address, President Obama proposed that the minimum wage

be raised to $10.10.

Compared to citizens in other nations, Americans are more likely to

choose freedom over equality.

​Documents leaked by Edward Snowden showed that the National Security Agency had

collected data on domestic phone conversations of ordinary Americans.

The Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) is an example of _________ federalism.

cooperative

Under the Constitution, the slave trade

could be ended after twenty years.

If universities increase funding for women's sports so that they receive comparable funding to men's, that is an example of

equality of outcome.

The constitutional amendment process requires

extraordinary majorities.

Shays's Rebellion consisted of

farmers trying to prevent foreclosure on their property for high taxes levied to finance the state's wartime debt.

Unless they are impeached, federal judges serve

for life

The _________ guaranteed citizenship to all persons, including blacks.

fourteenth amendment

What Madison called factions, are today called

interest groups

In McCulloch v. Maryland, ​the Court argued that "the power to tax...

involves the power to destroy."

Under the U.S. Constitution, the national government

lacks a general police power.

Which metaphor best describes dual federalism?

layer cake

​As derived from John Locke's philosophy, the doctrine of liberalism holds that government should

leave citizens free to further their individual pursuits.

One similarity between the Virginia Plan and the New Jersey Plan was that both plans

left unspecified how many people might comprise the executive.

A(n) _____is likely to believe that helping the needy should be a matter of individual choice.

libertarian

According to your text, the difference between libertarianism and John Locke-inspired liberalism is

libertarianism puts a greater emphasis on individual freedom.

According to Thomas Hobbes, author of Leviathan, the proper objective of government is to

maintain order

Once ratified, the Constitution was quickly amended with the Bill of Rights to assuage concerns that this new government

might infringe on personal liberty.

When Roger B. Taney became chief justice in 1836, the Court imposed firm limits on the powers of

national government

A constitutional clause that allows for a broad interpretation of implied powers is known as the__________ clause.

necessary and proper

The text of the Constitution deals with slavery by

not mentioning it directly

An estimated _________ American colonists remained loyal to the British Crown.

one in five

In general, libertarianism is characterized by

opposing all government action except that which protects life and property.

According to John Marshall's decision in McCulloch v. Maryland (1819), the elastic clause might be interpreted to mean that Congress can take a particular action not specified in the Constitution if that action is

plainly adapted to achieving a legitimate constitutional end.

Each citizen having one vote demonstrates

political equality

​The last seventeen amendments to the Constitution fall into three main categories: they make public policy, they correct deficiencies in the government's structure or they

promote equality.

The process of redrawing boundaries for electoral jurisdictions is known as

redistricting

Although the United States is a capitalist country, the government does intervene in the economic arena, primarily through

regulating private business

Originally, the Constitutional Convention's purpose was to

revise the Articles of Confederation.

The assignment in the Constitution of lawmaking, law-enforcing, and law-interpreting functions to the legislative, executive, and judicial branches respectively is known as

separation of powers.

The fifty-five signatories of the Declaration of Independence were courageous in their actions because

signing the Declaration was treason and punishable by hanging and drawing and quartering.

Western Europe's experience with democratic socialism demonstrates that

socialism can be practiced along with personal freedoms and democratic participation.

A government pursuing laissez-faire policies would

take a hands-off attitude toward the economy

From the 1930s to the mid-1990s, the Supreme Court

tended to support expansion of national authority.

The government's role in redistributing income to promote economic equality has been a major source of debate in the United States ever since

the Great Depression.

Which amendments were the only ones to limit the activities of individuals?

the Thirteenth and Eighteenth Amendments

The national government can act on individuals if​

the action is based on a constitutionally delegated power.

The original procedure for selecting the vice president, under the electoral college, was

the candidate with the next-greatest number of votes would become vice president.

In the last 200 years, Congress has tremendously increased the scope of the national government by using

the elastic clause combined with its enumerated powers.

The power to coin money belongs to __________ and the power to grant divorces belongs to

the federal government; the states.

The Constitution explicitly recognizes

the national government and state governments.

The general conclusion of the Supreme Court in United States v. Lopez was that

there are limits to the national government's ability to regulate behavior based on the commerce clause.

Anarchism is the political opposite of

totalitarianism

The desire to avoid potential foreign prosecution of its soldiers and the desire to continue practicing the death penalty led the United States in 2002 to

withdraw from the 1998 treaty creating an International Criminal Court.

The Federalist Papers were drafted by​

​Madison, Hamilton, and Jay

According to the theory of dual federalism, __________________ the nation and the states.​

​a rigid wall separates

According to the text, politicians openly call for more order

​during times of social strife.

The American Revolution was a costly war that

​lasted for 8 years and 5 months.

Amendments to the constitution may be proposed by two-thirds votes in both the House and the Senate or by​ a

​national convention.

In Dred Scott, the Supreme Court decided that Congress had no power to

​prohibit slavery.

The chief objective of the First Continental Congress was​ to

​restore peaceful relations between the colonies and Great Britain.

Preclearance is the process of​

​submitting redistricting plans to the Justice Department for approval.

Which of the following is an incorrect description of the cooperative federalism model?

The functions and responsibilities of the national and state governments are clearly defined.

Thomas Hobbes's ideal form of government was

a single ruler with unquestioned authority.