Feeding, Eating, Elimination, Sleep-Wake, Disruptive, Impulse-Control, and Conduct Disorders

The average lifetime duration of anorexia is about _____, and most patients experience remission within _____.

18 months; 5 years

Those with hypersomnolence disorder have excessive sleepiness despite receiving at least _____ of sleep during the main sleep period, and they may spend as much as _____ per day in bed.

7 hours; 20 hours

Which diagnostic criteria for anorexia was omitted in the DSM-5?

Amenorrhea

What type of intervention has been shown to be effective for pica?

Aversion type therapy

Which is NOT a feature of binge eating?

Binge eating takes place gradually and the binger continues to eat until they naturally vomit.

Anorexia nervosa involves all EXCEPT which of the following features?

Bingeing and purging in order to maintain normal body weight and appropriate BMI

Which is NOT a difference in the presentation of anorexia and bulimia?

Bulimia nervosa is less common than anorexia nervosa.

The diagnostic criteria for binge-eating disorder includes all EXCEPT which of these features?

Compensatory behaviors such as self-induced vomiting

What have twin studies contributed to the causal factors of anorexia?

Concordance rates are higher in MZ twins than in DZ twins.

In _____, parents are coached to assume control over the anorexic child's eating and weight until the child can take control and achieve autonomy, which is linked with improved eating patterns.

Conjoint family therapy

What is NOT a main objective of a comprehensive CBT intervention for bulimia nervosa

Deciding on a cause of the eating disorder by investigating past experiences relating to eating patterns

What is the repeated voiding of urine into bed or cloths, during day or night, in children age 5 years or older called?

Enuresis

What specifiers are provided in the diagnosis of insomnia disorder?

Episodic, persistent, or recurrent

Non-REM sleep arousal disorders decline from an incidence of approximately 10% among children to less than 5% among adults.

False

The course of anorexia is highly variable, with individuals moving from the binge-eating/purging type first onto the restricting type later on.

False

The estimated lifetime duration for symptoms of anorexia nervosa is about 2 ½ years, with a majority of individuals experiencing a lessening of symptoms within a 3 year time period.

False

The restrictive type of anorexia is related to higher risk of substance use disorders and greater likelihood of suicidal ideation and attempts than with the binge-eating/purging type of anorexia.

False

True or False: Nightmare disorder is more commonly diagnosed in females, usually beginning between 10 and 12 years of age, than in males.

False

True or False: The category of sleep disorders called dyssomnias are concerned with abnormal events or behaviors involving the sleep cycle or sleep-wake transitions.

False

Bulimia nervosa involves all of EXCEPT which of the following features?

High degree is self control

What are the conditions for acquiring optimal sleep?

Continuity, efficiency, and short latency

What is characteristic of rumination disorder?

Regurgitation and re-chewing of food

People with _____often find themselves in a vicious cycle in which distress at not being able to sleep increases arousal, which in turn makes sleeping less probable.

Insomnia disorders

All EXCEPT which of the following are differences between binge-eating disorder and bulimia and anorexia?

Males are diagnosed with binge-eating disorder at rates equal to females, as opposed bulimia and anorexia, with which females are diagnosed significantly more often than males.

Which is NOT a reason the incidence of anorexia nervosa is much higher among young females in Western industrialized nations?

Mixed images of the ideal body type

Anorexia commonly occurs with which of the following disorders?

Mood or anxiety disorders

Why is obesity NOT included in the feeding and eating disorder category of disorders?

Obesity is defined not in terms of the behavior that produces it but rather in terms of its product—excess body fat.

The binge-eating/purging type of anorexia is associated with greater risk for all EXCEPT which of the following disorders?

Personality disorders

Which is NOT a direct side-effect of sleep-wake disorders?

Poor eating habits

For those with insomnia disorder, younger people report _____ asleep and older people report _____ asleep.

Problems falling; difficulty remaining

disruptive, impulse-control, and conduct disorders

disruptive behavior, impulse control behaviors, urges to engage in a behavior that they have in inability to refrain from acting upon, negative feeling that go away when engaging in said behavior

binge eating disorder

eat until they are uncomfortable full, eat even though they are not hungry

rumination disorder

eating something over and over again, barfing in up and chewing it up again.

pica

eats inedible substances for a least one month, ex: paint, string, hair, paper, animal droppings

encopresis

episodes of defecation alternate with longer periods of fecal retention

_____ experience nightmare disorder up to 2 times as often as _____.

females; males

sleep walking (somnambulism)

arise from their beds walk around, do stuff, when they wake up they have no recollection of what they have done, difficult to awaken

How does avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder differ from anorexia nervosa?

The lack of appetite or avoidance of food with avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder does not involve body shape or image as with anorexia.

Binge-eating disorder does NOT include compensatory behaviors like bulimia nervosa.

True

Greater emphasis on physical attractiveness among gay men places them at higher risk for attitudes and behaviors related to eating disorders.

True

True or False: Incidence rates for the diagnosis of anorexia nervosa are most common in adolescence, with no occurrence in the mid-20s.

True

True or False: PTSD is accompanied by nightmares nearly 5 times more often than any other disorder, and PTSD is considered a predisposing factor for nightmare disorder.

True

True or False: Sleep apnea is more commonly seen in younger, average weight males.

True

True or False: The difficulties with insomnia vary by age group, with younger people reporting problems falling asleep, while older people report difficulty remaining asleep.

True

White females ages 15-24 represent the greatest risk for being diagnosed with anorexia.

True

Who is at the highest risk for developing anorexia nervosa?

White females ages 15-24

pyromania

a compulsion to set things on fire

secondary enuresis

achieved bladder control but later loses bladder control, stress related ex: separation anxiety, birth of sibling

Non-REM sleep arousal disorders begin before _____, and resolve during _____ and thereafter.

age 12; adolescence

primary enuresis

child has never had bladder control

_____ involves a persistent sleep disturbance due to a mismatch between a person's internal 24-hour sleep-wake cycle, and the schedule required by the person's environment.

circadian rhythm sleep wake disorder

conduct disorder

impairment in social or academic functioning, bullying fighting, mugging, rape, vandalism

avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder

kids who didn't eat, not interested in eating, like anorexia but without the body issues/ psychological issues

enuresis

lack of bladder control past the age of which such control is normally achieved, wetting accidents, diagnosis isn't made until 5 yrs old, 2 wetting accidents per week for 3 months

bulimia nervosa

lack of control over eating, can't help themselves, engage in inappropriate compensatory behavior ex: self induced vomiting, use of laxatives

oppositional defiant disorder

negativistic hostile and defiant behavior defies rules, intentional annoys others, blame others for their mistakes, angry, resentful

intermittent explosive disorder

once in a while occasional points of extreme rage ex: Liam Teen Wolf

What takes place during REM sleep behavior disorder?

paralysis is absent, allowing people to act out in their dreams

_____ concern sleep that includes abnormal events or behaviors involving the sleep-cycle or sleep-wake transitions.

parasomnias

anorexia nervosa

restriction of food/energy intake, fear of gaining weight or becoming fat, body image distortion, BMI of below 15 is severe

The MOST common breathing difficulty implicated in sleep disorders is ______.

sleep apnea

Which symptoms are NOT associated with narcolepsy?

sleep apnea

kleptomania

stealing things

Which is a new category in the DSM-5 that describes the many sleep dyssomnias that can be caused by substance use, intoxication, or withdrawal?

substance/ medication- induced sleep disorder

etiology

the cause, set of causes, or manner of causation of a disease or condition.

sleep terrors (night terrors)

the child is experiencing a really bad dream, high heart rate, high blood pressure but are asleep

Onset of anorexia usually occurs in _____, and in no case was onset age later then the _____.

Adolescence; mid 20s

Family-systems etiology for anorexia can be explained by which of the following?

Anorexic females may be seen as asserting their independence from an enmeshed family by refusing to eat.

Which is a common perception that motivates anorexic behavior?

Anorexics feel fat even when their weight is significantly below normal.

What is the typically relationship the anorexic has with food?

Anorexics have a preoccupation with food at a level of obsessive-compulsive intensity.

What is considered the treatment of choice for bulimia nervosa?

Cognitive-behavioral therapy

Which of the following refers to sleep disturbances which involve abnormal sleep amount, quality, or timing?

Dyssomnias

Anorexia nervosa is more common than bulimia nervosa, affecting 4.5% of females.

False

Average duration of bulimia is much shorter than with anorexia, and onset tends to be at an earlier age than with anorexia.

False

Which causal factor for narcolepsy is now included in the DSM-5 diagnosis criteria for the disorder?

Narcolepsy may be due to autoimmune-related loss of neurons in the hypothalamus that produce hypocretin.

Which is characteristic of the restricting type of anorexia nervosa?

The individual diets, fasts, or exercises excessively, so that intake of food is inadequate to maintain current weight.

Obstructive sleep apnea is more common among which of the following?

middle aged, over weight males