FETAL HEART AND CHEST

All of the following are sonographic features of pentalogy of Cantrell except: a. Omphalocele b. Gastroschisis c. Cleft sternum d. Diaphragmatic defect

b. Gastroschisis

A group of anomalies characterized by a small or absent right ventricle is: a. Turner syndrome b. Hypoplastic right heart syndrome c. Hypoplastic left heart syndrome d. Coarctation of the aorta

b. Hypoplastic right heart syndrome

Fetal rhabdomyomas are associated with which of the following? a. Tracheoesophageal fistulas b. Tuberous sclerosis c. Eventration of the diaphragm d. Tuberculosis

b. Tuberous sclerosis

the umbilical cord consists in

1 vein, 2 arteries

4 ch of hrt is fully formed at

10 weeks

fuctional fetal lungs exits after

25 wks

heart begins to contract at

36-37 days gest

ASD meaning

ATRIAL SEPTAL DEFECT

AVSD meaning

ATRIOVENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECTS

combination of ASD + VSD, abnormal development of central portion of hrt

AVSD

Abnormal opening in the fetal diaphragm that allows the herniation of abdominal contents into the chest cavity.

Diaphragmatic hernia

abrevation for echogenic focus is

EIF

test to check maturity of lugs is

L/S RATIO

Bochdalek hernia

Posterolateral diaphragmatic hernia

VSD meaning

VENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECT

most common form of cardiac defect is

VSD

Eventration of the diaphragm is best described as: a. A lack of muscle in the dome of the diaphragm b. A defect in the anterior lateral wall of the diaphragm c. A defect in the posterolateral wall of the diaphragm d. Congenital absence of the diaphragm

a. A lack of muscle in the dome of the diaphragm

The most common cause of cardiac malposition is: a. Diaphragmatic hernia b. Omphalocele c. Gastroschisis d. Pulmonary hypoplasia

a. Diaphragmatic hernia

Blood is shunted into the inferior vena cava from the umbilical vein by what structure? a. Ductus venosus b. Ductus arteriosus c. Foramen ovale d. Foramen of Luschka

a. Ductus venosus

Fetal lung maturity can be assessed using the: a. Lecithin to sphingomyelin ratio b. Systolic to diastolic ratios c. Estriol to alpha-fetoprotein ratio d. Lung size formula

a. Lecithin to sphingomyelin ratio

The most common fetal cardiac tumor is the: a. Rhabdomyoma b. Chordae tendineae c. Cardiomyoma d. Cystic adenomatoid malformation

a. Rhabdomyoma

Which of the following best describes transposition of the great vessels? a. The aorta arises from the left ventricle and the pulmonary artery arises from the right ventricle. b. The aorta arises from the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery arises from the left ventricle. c. The aortic arch is narrowed and positioned anterior to the pulmonary vein. d. The presence of an omphalocele and ectopic cordis

a. The aorta arises from the left ventricle and the pulmonary artery arises from the right ventricle.

An echogenic intracardiac focus is often seen in cases of: a. Trisomy 21 b. Trisomy 13 c. Trisomy 8 d. Turner syndrome

a. Trisomy 21

abnormal opening in septum between 2 atria of hrt is

atrial septal defects

The narrowing of the aortic arch is indicative of: a. Tetralogy of Fallot b. Coarctation of the aorta c. Ebstein anomaly d. Hypoplastic right heart syndrome

b. Coarctation of the aorta

The visualization of the fetal stomach within the fetal chest is most indicative of: a. Pulmonary sequestration b. Diaphragmatic hernia c. Turner syndrome d. Cystic adenomatoid malformation

b. Diaphragmatic hernia

What is the normal opening in the lower middle third of the atrial septum? a. Foramen of Magendie b. Foramen of Monro c. Foramen ovale d. Ductus arteriosus

c. Foramen ovale

A group of anomalies characterized by a small or absent left ventricle is: a. Turner syndrome b. Hypoplastic right heart syndrome c. Hypoplastic left heart syndrome d. Coarctation of the aorta

c. Hypoplastic left heart syndrome

All of the following are sonographic signs of Ebstein anomaly except: a. Enlarged right atrium b. Fetal hydrops c. Narrowing of the aortic arch d. Malpositioned tricuspid valve

c. Narrowing of the aortic arch

The sonographic "bat wing" sign is indicative of: a. Pericardial effusion b. Pulmonary atresia c. Pleural effusion d. Endocardial cushion defect

c. Pleural effusion

The most common sonographic appearance of pulmonary sequestration is a/an: a. Dilated pulmonary artery and hypoechoic chest mass b. Pleural effusion and ipsilateral hiatal hernia c. Triangular, echogenic mass within the chest d. Anechoic mass within the chest

c. Triangular, echogenic mass within the chest

narrowing aortic arch

coarctation of the aorta

The fetal heart is fully formed by: a. 2 weeks b. 4 weeks c. 8 weeks d. 10 weeks

d. 10 weeks

The condition in which the heart is located on the outside of the chest wall is termed: a. Cystic adenomatoid malformation b. Coarctation of the heart c. Cardiac sequestration d. Ectopic cordis

d. Ectopic cordis

The most common form of diaphragmatic hernia is the: a. Foramen of Morgagni b. Foramen of Magendie c. Foramen of Luschka d. Foramen of Bochdalek

d. Foramen of Bochdalek

Tetralogy of Fallot consists of all of the following except: a. Overriding aortic root b. Ventricular septal defect c. Pulmonary stenosis d. Left ventricular hypertrophy

d. Left ventricular hypertrophy

Which of the following is a true statement about the fetal heart? a. The apex of the heart will be angled to the right of the midline. b. The apex of the heart is the portion closest to the spine. c. The normal fetal heart will fill approximately two third of the fetal chest. d. The chamber closest to the fetal spine is the left atrium

d. The chamber closest to the fetal spine is the left atrium

Which of the following is not a true statement about the normal fetal heart? a. The ventricular septum should be uninterrupted and of equal thickness to the left ventricular wall. b. There is a normal opening within the atrial septum. c. Between the right ventricle and right atrium, one should visualize the tricuspid valve. d. The mitral valve is positioned closer to the cardiac apex than the tricuspid valve

d. The mitral valve is positioned closer to the cardiac apex than the tricuspid valve

Which of the following is considered to be the most common cardiac defect? a. Hypoplastic right heart syndrome b. Transposition of the great vessels c. Hypoplastic left heart syndrome d. Ventricular septal defect

d. Ventricular septal defect

An echogenic intracardiac focus is most often seen within the: a. Right atrium b. Left atrium c. Right ventricle d. Left ventricle

d. left ventricle

The most common lesion that occupies the chest, resulting in pulmonary hypoplasia is

diaphragmatic hernia

The most common reason for fetal cardiac malposition is

diaphragmatic hernia

malformation or malpositioning of tricuspid valve

ebstein anomaly

represent calcification papillary muscle or chordae tenineae

echogenic focus

echogenic area, most often find in the lt ventricle is

echogenic intracardiac focus

heart partially or completely outside chest

ectopic cordis

another name for AVSD is

endocardial cushion defect

is located right anteromedially within the diaphragm, may lead to a right-sided diaphragmatic hernia

foramen of Morgagni

small or absent lt ventricle

hypoplastic lt hrt syndrome

small or absent rt ventricle

hypoplastic rt hrt syndrome

the chamber more close to spine is

lt atrium

The most common location of a diaphragmatic hernia is on

lt side

aortic outflow tract originates from

lt ventricle

which valve is between lt ventricle and lt atrium

mitral valve

group of anomalies combines ectopic cordis + existing omphalocele

pentalogy of cantrell

fluid around heart

pericardial effusion

underdevelopment lungs

pulmonary hypoplasia

most common fetal cardiac tumor, located on myocardium of hrt is

rhabdomyoma

pulmonary outflow tract originates from

rt ventricle

a congenital malformation of the heart involving four distinct defects

tetralogy of fallot

valve more close to cardiac apex is

tricuspid

which valve is between rt ventricle and rt atrium

triscuspid valve

abnormal opening in the septum between 2 ventricles

ventricular septal defects

The accumulation of fluid around the lungs is termed: a. Ascites b. Extracorporeal effusion c. Peripleural fluid d. Pleural effusion

d. pleural effusion

The embryonic heart begins as: a. Two tubes b. Four tubes c. Eight folds d. One tub

a. Two tubes

A separate mass of nonfunctioning fetal lung tissue is referred to as: a. Pulmonary adenomatoid malformation b. Pulmonary sequestration c. Cystic adenomatoid malformation d. Bat wing sign

b. Pulmonary sequestration

Which statement is true concerning fetal outflow tracts? a. The normal pulmonary artery should be positioned posterior to the aorta and should be visualized passing under it. b. The normal pulmonary artery should be positioned anterior to the aorta and should be visualized crossing over it. c. The right ventricular outflow tract leads to the aorta. d. The left ventricular outflow tract leads to the pulmonary artery

b. The normal pulmonary artery should be positioned anterior to the aorta and should be visualized crossing over it.

A co-existing pericardial effusion and a pleural effusion is consistent with the diagnosis of: a. Tetralogy of Fallot b. Pentalogy of Cantrell c. Fetal hydrops d. Potter syndrome

c. fetal hydrops