Final Exam
asthma
Most people who have blank were children or young teenagers at the time of the first attack.
antigens
A bacterium and a virus are examples of:
somatic symptom disorder
an unreasonable number of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors
contemporary psychodynamic theories
anxiety turns into physical pain
somatic symptom disorder
at least one upsetting or repeatedly disruptive physical (somatic) symptom
conversion disorder
glove anesthesia or glove paralysis
predominant pain pattern
may develop after an accident or illness that initially caused genuine pain
predominant pain pattern
pain source known or unknown
psychophysiological disorders
psychological factors negatively affect the medical condition
psychoneuroimmunology
stress can slow lymphocyte activity and interfere with the immune system's ability to protect against illness during times of stress
cognitive-behavioral view
this view has not been widely tested and is not supported by research
conversion and somatic symptom disorders
traditionally been viewed as forms of escape from stress
somatization pattern
treatment sought from doctor to doctor
psychophysiological disorders
trigger or worsen the medical condition
traditional psychophysiological disorders
ulcers, asthma, insomnia, chronic headaches, migraine headaches, hypertension
conversion and somatic symptom disorders
widely considered unique and in need of special explanation
psychodynamic
2 defense mechanisms for conversion and somatic symptom disorders
factitious disorder
A woman complains of an assortment of physiological ailments. You think that she is intentionally producing the physical symptoms to appear sick, which fills some psychological need. If this is true, the appropriate diagnosis is:
Munchausen syndrome
An example of a factitious disorder is:
medical help
An individual who has been diagnosed with a somatic symptom disorder would MOST likely first seek:
Lymphocytes
Blank are white blood cells that circulate through the lymph system and bloodstream.
less severe
Compared with a migraine headache, the pain associated with a muscle contraction headache is typically:
late childhood and young adulthood
Conversion disorders most often begin between:
enabled people to avoid unpleasant activites
Freud believed that "hysterical" symptoms:
Somewhat likely, but a small majority of people with conversion disorder will seek medical therapy first.
How likely is someone with undiagnosed conversion disorder to seek psychotherapy initially?
essential
Hypertension that results from a combination of psychological and physiological factors is called blank hypertension.
somatic symptom disorder
If a person complains of a wide variety of physical symptoms over time in the absence of a physical basis for the symptoms, the diagnosis would be:
somatic symptom disorder
If you looked in Leijla's cabinet, you would find dozens of prescriptions and even more over-the-counter medications. Every time she sneezes, Leijla is sure she has the latest deadly flu, although no physician has ever found anything wrong with her. Leijla probably suffers from:
Briquet's syndrome
In the latter half of the nineteenth century, a person who today is diagnosed with somatic symptom disorder would MOST likely have been diagnosed with:
sleep-wake
Insomnia and narcolepsy are examples of blank disorders.
circadian rhythm disorder
Kanaye has an erratic sleep cycle each month, regardless of which action he takes...The appropriate diagnosis in this case is:
factitious disorder
Munchausen syndrome
factitious disorder imposed on another
Munchausen syndrome by proxy
hypersomnolence disorder
Scarlett finds that she needs more than the 8 hours of recommended sleep for adults. If she gets less than 10 hours of sleep per night, she has difficulty concentrating, is forgetful, has problems driving, and cannot work effectively. Scarlett would most likely be diagnosed with:
usually last less time
Somatic symptom disorders differ from conversion disorders in that conversion disorders:
Cognitive-behavioral
The first time the patient reported vague chest pains to a 911 operator, local EMTs responded with obvious attention and concern. Over the next several months, the patient called 911 more and more often, receiving the same concerned care for the same symptoms. This pattern of patient response is MOST easily explained by which theoretical perspective?
coronary heart disease
The leading cause of death globally, resulting in 17 million deaths worldwide each year, is:
difficulty concentrating
The most commonly occurring sleeplessness-induced problem is:
reducing the rewards available for displaying the disorder
Therapists who take a reinforcement approach while treating a conversion disorder would be MOST likely to focus on:
conversion and somatic symptom disorder
a number of individuals suffer from both types
illness anxiety disorder
absence of substantial somatic symptoms
sociocultural factors for psychophysiological disorders
adverse social conditions that produce stress trigger and interact with biological and psychological factors
psychophysiological disorders
affect the course of the medical condition
psychophysiological disorders
affected persons have a medical condition
illness anxiety disorder
affects men and women in equal numbers
contemporary psychodynamic theories
agree that parents carry unconscious conflicts from childhood, causing anxiety
factitious disorder
clinicians have been unable to develop dependably effective treatments for this disorder
illness anxiety disorder
concerns continue to some degree for at least 6 months
psychodynamic
conversion and somatic symptom disorders are caused by underlying emotional conflicts converted into physical symptoms and concerns
#1 student stressor
death (family member or friend)
biological factors for psychophysiological disorders
defects in the autonomic nervous system (ANS) may contribute to its development
contemporary psychodynamic theories
disagree with Freud on many points
Social Adjustment Rating Scale
does not consider particular stress reactions within specific populations
treatments for illness anxiety disorder
drug and cognitive-behavioral approaches
symptom treatment for conversion and somatic symptom disorders
education, reinforcement, cognitive restructuring
factitious disorder
employment as nurse, lab technician, or aide
Social Adjustment Rating Scale
examined relationship between life stress and onset of illness
psychoneuroimmunology
examines how stressful events result in viral or bacterial infection
factitious disorder
extensive medical treatment in childhood
factitious disorder
false creation of physical physiological symptoms, or deceptive production of injury or disease, even without external rewards
psychodynamic
first theory of conversion and somatic symptom disorders
multicultural view
formation of somatic complaints is the norm in many non-Western cultures
somatization pattern
formerly known as Briquet's syndrome. Long-lasting physical ailment with no physical basis; dramatic and exaggerated
factitious disorder
grudge against medical profession
factitious disorder
imposed on self
causal treatment for conversion and somatic symptom disorders
insight, exposure, drug therapies
Social Adjustment Rating Scale
linked stressors of various kinds to a wide range of physical conditions
conversion and somatic symptom disorders
may occur in response to severe stress
psychological factors for psychophysiological disorders
needs, attitudes, emotions, personality, or coping styles may cause people to overreact repeatedly to stressors
conversion disorder
neurologically impossible symptoms
conversion and somatic symptom disorders
no explanation has received much research support, and the disorders are still poorly understood
psychoneuroimmunology
norepinephrine and cortisol activity, behavioral changes, personality style, and social support affect immune functioning
conversion disorder
not consciously wanted or purposely produced
illness anxiety disorder
preoccupation with thoughts or high anxiety about having or getting a significant illness
factitious disorder imposed on another
presentation of another person (victim) as ill, damaged, or hurt
factitious disorder
presentation of oneself as ill, damaged, or hurt
somatization pattern
prevalence: 4 percent
conversion and somatic symptom disorders
previously called hysterical disorders
2 defense mechanisms
primary gain, secondary gain
B-cells
produce antibodies
psychophysiological disorders
provide obstacles to the treatment of medical condition
biofeedback
relies on lower-level measurements from electrodes, for moment by moment information, to modulate the variable, possible prevent from reaching extreme states
multicultural view
some Western clinicians do not advocate excessive focus on somatic symptom disorders included in DSM-5; others see this as bias
illness anxiety disorder
the disorder can begin at any age, but starts most often in early adulthood
glove anesthesia
the entire hand, extending from the fingertips to the wrist, becomes numb or paralyzed
biofeedback training
the use of electrical signals from the body to train people to control physiological processes is called:
illness anxiety disorder
theoretical explanation and treatments are similar to those for anxiety disorders (OCD)
conversion and somatic symptom disorders
theorists and clinicians often treat the two groups of disorders in similar ways
illness anxiety disorder
unduly high number of health-related behaviors or dysfunctional health-avoidance behaviors
conversion disorder
usually beginning in late childhood and young adulthood; often appears suddenly during extreme stress
African Americans are more likely to live in poverty and face discrimination, which contributes to stress.
A contributing factor that partly explains why African Americans have more health problems than non-Hispanic white Americans is that:
exhibit no outward signs of disease
A person with hypertension would MOST likely:
leave the facility and immediately seek treatment from a different physician.
A physician confronts Addison with evidence that her symptoms are factitious. It is MOST likely that Addison will:
does not take into consideration the particular life-stress reactions of specific populations.
A shortcoming of Holmes and Rahe's Social Readjustment Scale is that it:
#1 adult stressor
death of spouse
insomnia
Difficulty falling asleep or maintaining sleep is called:
biofeedback
EEG, EMG, skin temperature skin perspiration, heart rate or BP as biological-measurable variables
antigens
Fungi are an example of:
antigens
Parasites are an example of:
Across all age groups, people generally get less sleep than they need.
Researchers have examined the relationship between the sleep people need and the sleep people get. Based on their findings, which of the following statements is generally TRUE?
meditation
Western health care professionals have only recently become aware of the effectiveness of blank in relieving physical distress.
Emotionally needy
Which characteristic describes an individual with Munchausen syndrome by proxy?
Someone who purposefully drinks gasoline and then seeks treatment for an unknown stomach ailment.
Which individual would be MOST likely to receive a diagnosis of factitious disorder?
antigen
Which is a foreign invader of the body?
Individuals with factitious disorder are not trying to achieve some external gain by faking illness.
Which statement is TRUE about factitious disorders?
The patient is otherwise unable to communicate difficult emotions.
Which statement would a cognitive-behavioral theorist be MOST likely to make about hysterical disorders?
immune system
Which system is the body's network of activities and cells that identify and destroy antigens and cancer cells?
The power of social media will increase.
Why do some researchers believe mass psychogenic illnesses will increase and become more severe in the future?
factitious disorder imposed on another
false creation of physical or psychological symptoms, or deceptive production of injury or disease, in another person, even without external rewards
illness anxiety disorder
individuals are avid consumers of popular medical literature and they have "it" what ever the "it" that is currently "popular" or sensational
conversion disorder
neurological-like symptoms inconsistent with known neurological or medical disease
cognitive-behavioral view
physical symptoms of disorder are rewarded and maintained through reinforcement
somatic symptom disorder
physical symptoms usually continue to some degree for more than 6 months
factitious disorder
poor social support or relationships and little family life
psychophysiological disorders
pose new health risks
factitious disorder
precise causes are not understood