FINAL EXAM

At Vicksburg in July 1863: A. The Union, under U.S. Grant's leadership, was victorious B. The Confederacy, under John C. Pemberton's leadership, was victorious C. The battle was a draw D. The battle saw the greatest number of dead on a single day of battle during the war

A. The Union, under U.S. Grant's leadership, was victorious

The Free Soil Party's platform called for: A. The government to bar slavery from the western territories and provide land free in the territories to people who wanted to homestead there B. The election of Abraham Lincoln to the presidency C. Land to be given to freed ex-slaves in the South and for the annexation of Canada D. Declaration of a wide swath of land west of the Appalachian Mountains as a free soil zone in which whisky and other liquors could be distilled without being taxed

A. The government to bar slavery from the western territories and provide land free in the territories to people who wanted to homestead there

Define "secede" A. To withdraw formally from membership in B. To build up in degree a successful product or service in the market revolution C. To resemble in degree not in kind D. To achieve the goal you set out to attain

A. To withdraw formally from membership in

A slave craftsman named Phillip Reed directed the assembly of the statue that adorns the top of the Capitol building dome in Washington, D.C. A. True B. False

A. True

Another name for the American Party of 1854 was the Know-Nothing Party. A. True B. False

A. True

As late as 1860, California's population of men outnumbered women by nearly three to one. A. True B. False

A. True

Black soldiers played a crucial role in winning the Civil War and in defining the war's consequences. A. True B. False

A. True

Black valor on the battlefield won over many northerners to a belief in equal rights before the law, regardless of race. A. True B. False

A. True

Born during George Washington's presidency, James Buchanan had served in Pennsylvania's legislature, in both houses of Congress, and as secretary of state under James K. Polk by the time he was elected president. A. True B. False

A. True

By 1860, New York City had become the nation's financial, commercial, and manufacturing center. A. True B. False

A. True

By 1860, nearly 300,000 men, women, and children had traveled overland to Oregon and California. A. True B. False

A. True

By making the Union army an agent of emancipation and joining together the goals of Union and abolition, the Emancipation Proclamation sounded the eventual death knell of slavery. A. True B. False

A. True

By the 1840s, southern leaders were convinced that slavery must expand or die. A. True B. False

A. True

During the Civil War, Congress made grants for up to 100 million acres to the railroads. A. True B. False

A. True

During the mid-1850s, Kansas witnessed a series of bloody conflicts between pro- and antislavery groups. A. True B. False

A. True

For almost a decade, from the mid-1830s to 1845, the Republican of Texas was neither part of the United States nor part of Mexico. A. True B. False

A. True

In March 1865, the month before the Civil War ended, the Confederate Congress authorized the arming of slaves. A. True B. False

A. True

In the Dred Scott Decision, the Supreme Court ruled that African-Americans had no rights that whites were compelled to recognize. A. True B. False

A. True

In their initial pronouncements, Confederate leaders stressed the preservation of white supremacy and slavery, A. True B. False

A. True

John Brown and his followers murdered five supporters of slavery at Pottawatomie Creek in May 1856. A. True B. False

A. True

Lincoln shared many of the racial prejudices of his day. A. True B. False

A. True

Many late-nineteenth-century "captains of industry" made their initial fortunes during the Civil War. A. True B. False

A. True

Margret Garner, a slave who escaped to Ohio, killed her own daughter rather than see her returned to slavery by federal marshals. A. True B. False

A. True

More Americans died in the Civil War than in any other war in U.S. history. A. True B. False

A. True

Photographs of battlefields, soldiers, war dead, war encampments, and so forth carried the war into millions of Americans' living rooms. A. True B. False

A. True

Pickett's charge at Gettysburg marked "the high tide of the Confederacy". A. True B. False

A. True

The Crittenden Compromise would have guaranteed the end to slavery in states where it existed already, after a seven-year cooling-off period. A. True B. False

A. True

The first income tax was enacted under the leadership of the Republican Party. A. True B. False

A. True

Victory over Mexico in the Mexican War added more area to the United States than had the Louisiana Purchase. A. True B. False

A. True

When the Mormons settled in Salt Lake City, Utah was part of Mexico. A. True B. False

A. True

Within months of the Dred Scott decision by the United States Supreme Court, Scott and his wife were emancipated. A. True B. False

A. True

Women provided the chief energy for northern war relief efforts. A. True B. False

A. True

The expansionist spirit of the early nineteenth century that God intended the American nation to reach all the way to the Pacific Ocean was called: A. Exceptionalism B. Manifest Destiny C. Anti-imperialism D. Americanism

B. Manifest Destiny

Which of the following territories did not come to the United States as a result of its victory in the Mexican War? A. California B. Present-day Arizona C. Present-day Kansas D. Present-day Utah

B. Present-day Arizona

When Texas declared itself independent from Mexico, its new constitution: A. Asserted that all men are created equal and abolished slavery B. Protected slavery even though Mexico had earlier abolished slavery C. Ratified votes for women D. Brought it into the Union and declared persons of Spanish, Indian, and African origins equal before the law

B. Protected slavery even though Mexico had earlier abolished slavery

The Civil War is sometimes called "the first modern war" because it used weapons and other technological advances of the industrial revolution. Which of the following was not one of these advances? A. Rifles B. Radios C. Ironclads D. Railroads

B. Radios

Which of the following best describes Lincoln's plan for Reconstruction? A. Nonexistent B. Relatively lenient C. Completely unsupported D. Ruthless

B. Relatively lenient

From 1840 to 1860, immigration: A. Declined sharply as the move toward Civil War grew B. Resulted in 4 million new arrivals into the United States C. Was made illegal because of the vest and vexing problem of illegal aliens D. Meant the end of the American dream

B. Resulted in 4 million new arrivals into the United States

Which was not part of the Irish experience on their arrival in the United States in the late 1840s and 1850s? A. Nativists asserted that the Irish's subservience to the Catholic Church threatened the nation's democratic institutions B. Soon after their arrival, most Irish became strong proponents of the Republican Party C. As Roman Catholics, the Irish experienced severe discrimination D. Most Irish did not align themselves with the temperance and antislavery movements

B. Soon after their arrival, most Irish became strong proponents of the Republican Party

1One of the leading figures of the Democratic Party in the 1850s was: A. Abraham Lincoln B. Stephen Douglas C. Charles Summer D. Fredrick Douglass

B. Stephen Douglas

Which of the following was the Gettysburg Address specifically designed to communicate? A. The need for a Union victory B. The need for national reunion C. The need for a Confederate victory D. The importance of Union casualties over Confederate casualties

B. The need for national reunion

According to the 1854 Kansas-Nebraska Act: A. Fugitive slaves arriving in Kansas and Nebraska would thereafter be free B. The question of whether slavery would be allowed in these territories would be decided by local (white) settlers C. Blacks had no claim to the rights of American citizens D. Kansas would be admitted to the union as a slave state, and Nebraska as a free state

B. The question of whether slavery would be allowed in these territories would be decided by local (white) settlers

Which of the following was not a source of growing disaffection among whites on the Confederate home front? A. The "substitution" clause of conscription system B. The recruitment of slaves to serve as Confederate army officers C. The military confiscation of yeomen's goods D. The suppression of Unionist dissent

B. The recruitment of slaves to serve as Confederate army officers

Which of the following was not a feature of the rise of southern nationalism during the late 1850s? A. A growing movement of southern secession from the United States B. A growing vision of a southern empire, extending to the Caribbean, Mexico, and Central America C. Initiatives within the South to fortify the system of slavery and to narrow the access of slaves to freedom D. A high-level conspiracy to take over the federal government through a military cop

D. A high-level conspiracy to take over the federal government through a military cop

General Robert E. Lee launched his September 1862 invasion into Maryland with a variety of goals in mind, including all of the following except: A. Getting Britain and France to recognize the Confederacy as an independent nation B. Influencing elections in the North C. Convincing border states to join the Confederacy D. Capturing Yorktown and possibly Baltimore

D. Capturing Yorktown and possibly Baltimore

What did Fredrick Douglass encourage African-Americans in the North to do as part of the war effort after 1863? A. Relocate to the African continent B. Move to Mexico C. Give their entire financial wealth to the United States government D. Enlist in the United States Army

D. Enlist in the United States Army

Which is not true of the battle of Antietam, September 17, 1862? A. It was the bloodiest day of fighting in American history; more died at Antietam than at D- Day in World War II B. Forty-three hundred men were killed in the fighting and 2,000 of those wounded later died C. Antietam is located in Maryland, and southern forces under the command of General Robert E. Lee, having crossed into Maryland, were repelled in their northern advance by General McClellan and the Army of the Potomac D. General McClellan and the Army of the Potomac followed up their victory at Antietam with a rapid "lightning strike" into the South, both against General Robert E. Lee's forces and, subsequently, against the city of Richmond

D. General McClellan and the Army of the Potomac followed up their victory at Antietam with a rapid "lightning strike" into the South, both against General Robert E. Lee's forces and, subsequently, against the city of Richmond

George E. Pickett's crack division marched across an open field toward Union forces into withering gunfire in July 1863 at: A. Fredericksburg B. Vicksburg C. Chancellorsville D. Gettysburg

D. Gettysburg

Which of the following pieces of the statue atop the Capitol building in Washington, D.C. was part of a controversy concerning slavery? A. Her robe B. Her wreath C. Her book D. Her cap

D. Her cap

Which of the following was not a significant feature of gold-rush California? A. Individual prospectors were quickly displaced by large-scale underground mining B. Removed from the familiar gender norms of the East, men and women on the mining frontier came to view each other as equal in all regards C. White settlers often banded together to expel non-whites from the mining camps D. In the absence of the stable legal system, local settlers frequently took the law into their own hands

D. In the absence of the stable legal system, local settlers frequently took the law into their own hands

In the presidential election of 1848: A. Zachary Taylor narrowly lost the election B. Charles Frances Adams was nominated on the Democratic Party ticket C. Martin Van Buren ran for president as a candidate of the Free Soil Party D. Lewis Cass of Michigan won the Democratic Party nomination

D. Lewis Cass of Michigan won the Democratic Party nomination

Which of the following series of events is listed in proper sequence? A. Gettysburg Address, Emancipation Proclamation; reelection of Lincoln B. Sherman's capture of Atlanta; battle of Gettysburg; 1862 fall elections C. New York City draft riots; second Battle of Bull Run; authorization by Confederate Congress for arming of slaves D. Second Confiscation Act; enlistment of blacks as Union solders; congressional passage of Thirteenth Amendment

D. Second Confiscation Act; enlistment of blacks as Union solders; congressional passage of Thirteenth Amendment

Which of the following was not a significant theme of public protest against America's war on Mexico? A. U.S. acquisition of Mexican territory would hasten the spread of slavery B. Wars of aggression in pursuit of territory were unworthy of a democratic republic C. Citizens had a right, even a duty, to break the law in defiance of an unjust policy D. The Mexican military was likely to overpower American forces; it was foolhardy to challenge Mexico

D. The Mexican military was likely to overpower American forces; it was foolhardy to challenge Mexico

The population rush into California in 1848 was a result of: A. Abolition of slavery B. Free health care C. The discovery of silver D. The discovery of gold

D. The discovery of gold

Which of the following was a Confederate advantage in fighting the Civil War? A. The Confederacy produced more goods and services than the Union toward supporting the war effort B. The Confederate States army did not have to fight the majority of the war's battles on home territory C. The Confederate States of America had a larger population than the Union from which to draw military personnel D. The leading southern commander, General Robert E. Lee, was brilliant battlefield tactician and served as head of the Confederate States army throughout the entire war

D. The leading southern commander, General Robert E. Lee, was brilliant battlefield tactician and served as head of the Confederate States army throughout the entire war

Which of the following was not a conviction embraced by the newly formed Republican Party of the mid-1850s? A. A system of slavery was tolerable, so long as it remained confined to the South and West B. America's white citizenry should not have to associate or compete with African-Americans C. Many recent immigrants- particularly Catholics- posed a grave threat to the virtue and stability of the republic D. An expanding system of slavery was bound to subvert the prospects of free Americans to become independent farmers or artisans

A. A system of slavery was tolerable, so long as it remained confined to the South and West

The Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, ratified in December 1865: A. Abolished slavery throughout the Union B. Asserted that the nation would proceed "with malice toward none" C. Asserted that black men could vote D. Asserted that African-Americans were American citizens

A. Abolished slavery throughout the Union

Which of the following groups was not a major target of the New York City draft riots? A. Irish immigrants B. Conscription officials C. Affluent Republicans D. African-Americans

A. Irish immigrants

In the Dred Scott decision of 1857, the word "Dred" was used because: A. It was the plaintiff's first name B. To signal the importance of the "dred" (or dread) nature of the issue C. Like "by Scott," "Dred Scott" was an injection meaning essentially powerful and important D. It means "wrong"

A. It was the plaintiff's first name

In the 1844 presidential election: A. James K. Polk, a slaveholder, was the Democratic Party's nominee B. Henry Clay won the election by a narrow margin C. Martin Van Buren won election narrowly on the slogan, "fifty-four forty or flight" D. James G. Birney was Henry Clay's vice president

A. James K. Polk, a slaveholder, was the Democratic Party's nominee

In the term "popular sovereignty", define "sovereignty" A. Power in decision-making B. A gold coin worth about $2 C. King and parliament D. Frenetic

A. Power in decision-making

Which was not true of the Alamo? A. The Alamo was a U.S. fortress (or mission compound) on U.S. soil B. The attack on the Alamo was part of a boarder effort to impose Mexican central authority on the region C. Santa Anna's army killed 187 American and Tejano defenders of the Alamo on March 31, 1836 D. Mexico had abolished slavery by the time Santa Anna's forces attacked the Alamo

A. The Alamo was a U.S. fortress (or mission compound) on U.S. soil

A "Civil War" is: A. A war in which, because they are basically on the same side, people are courteous and generally kind, even as they are driven to disagree B. A war between political factions or regions within the same country C. A short, painful war D. One in which norms of polite social intercourse are persistent and courtesy is common

B. A war between political factions or regions within the same country

A series of revolutions in Europe- in England, France, Italy, and Germany- succeeded in permanently making those countries republics. A. True B. False

B. False

Abraham Lincoln was a firm supporter of votes for African-Americans prior to the Civil War. A. True B. False

B. False

By 1850, the South's railroad networks accounted for approximately 50 percent of the lines in the nation. A. True B. False

B. False

During the Civil War, the North instituted a draft, but the South did. A. True B. False

B. False

Following the Texas Revolt of 1835-36, the newly founded Republic of Texas resisted annexation by the United States. A. True B. False

B. False

From his first week in office as president, Abraham Lincoln sent troops into battle against the South. A. True B. False

B. False

George E. Pickett's division marched across an open field toward Union forces in July 1863 at Chancellorsville. A. True B. False

B. False

Government involvement in the economy was diminished as a consequence of the Civil War. A. True B. False

B. False

In 1860, the Republican Party platform sought to lower taxes by decreasing the tariff. A. True B. False

B. False

In his 1858 Senate campaign against Stephen Douglas, Abraham Lincoln called for the immediate abolition of slavery. A. True B. False

B. False

In the famous brawl on the floor of Congress, antislavery advocate Senator Charles Sumner was beat almost to death by Representative Preston Brooks over a debate regarding the legitimacy of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. A. True B. False

B. False

Invoking the extraordinary dangers of the moment, Lincoln called for a suspension of regular elections for the duration of the war. A. True B. False

B. False

Jefferson Davis, president of the Confederacy, was an effective leader of his new nation. A. True B. False

B. False

John Brown was a Confederate hero martyred in his attempt to preserve what is now West Virginia as a slave state. A. True B. False

B. False

Lincoln waited until after the Union victory at Gettysburg to deliver the Emancipation Proclamation in January 1863. A. True B. False

B. False

Over the course of the war, the Union troops had stronger morale, but the Confederate troops were better supplied. A. True B. False

B. False

The Emancipation Proclamation immediately freed all enslaved persons in the United States. A. True B. False

B. False

The Free Soil Party contended that the western lands should stay "free" of settlement by the United States. A. True B. False

B. False

The Know-Nothing Party was founded as a crusade against compulsory public education. A. True B. False

B. False

The Sea Island experiment was an experiment in the Sea Islands of South Carolina in which a large breakwater was constructed to stop massive flooding during hurricanes. A. True B. False

B. False

There were thirteen state members of the Confederate States of America, the same number as stars on the Confederate flag. A. True B. False

B. False

Under the Fugitive Slave Act, no slaves were ever actually returned to the South. A. True B. False

B. False

While the Fugitive Slave Act was a symbolic victory for the proslavery side, it was seldom enforced. A. True B. False

B. False

Abraham Lincoln's January 1, 1863, Emancipation Proclamation: A. Freed all slaves in the United States, "henceforth and forever more" B. Freed some slaves, but exempted those in areas under Union control C. Freed the slaves only in areas controlled by Union Forces D. Freed all slaves in the border states of Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, and Delaware

B. Freed some slaves, but exempted those in areas under Union control

Henry Clay lost the 1844 election because: A. He was a slaveowning Democrat who alienated voters in the North B. James G. Birney, running on the Liberty Party ticket, received 16,000 voters in New York C. He was a member of Martin Van Buren's barnburners D. The annexation of Texas two weeks before the November 1844 election spelled disaster

B. James G. Birney, running on the Liberty Party ticket, received 16,000 voters in New York

Which was not part of Lincoln's appeal to northern voters in the 1860 election? A. His devotion to the Union B. His emphasis on the moral dimension of the sectional conflict C. As an earlier candidate of the Know-Nothing Party, he appealed to immigrant voters D. He was in a position to carry the "doubtful states" needed for victory

C. As an earlier candidate of the Know-Nothing Party, he appealed to immigrant voters

The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in February 1848: A. Was never ratified by the Senate B. Insured Spanish domination of Mexico for a century C. Ended the Mexican War D. Granted Oklahoma, Nebraska, and Kansas to the United States

C. Ended the Mexican War

The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854: A. Admitted Kansas but not Nebraska as a slave state B. Admitted Nebraska but not Kansas as a slave state C. Established the principal of popular sovereignty whereby the status of slavery would be determined D. Never became law because of Stephen A. Douglass's opposition of it

C. Established the principal of popular sovereignty whereby the status of slavery would be determined

"David Wilmot proposed a resolution in Congress prohibiting slavery in all territory acquired from Mexico". Define "prohibiting". A. Requiring B. Suggesting C. Forbidding D. Allowing

C. Forbidding

When California became a state in 1850: A. It entered the Union as a slave state B. It entered the Union under the Lecompton Constitution C. It entered the Union as a free state D. John Sutter became its first governor

C. It entered the Union as a free state

The Commander of the Army of Northern Virginia was: A. George B. McClellan B. Ambrose Burnside C. Robert E. Lee D. John Pope

C. Robert E. Lee

In the 1850s, two great areas industrial production had risen in consequence of the market revolution. These were: A. The West Coast, especially near San Francisco, and the region around northern Virginia B. The Cotton Belt and the Corn Belt C. The Atlantic Coast from Baltimore to Boston, and the cities around the Great Lakes D. Iowa and Kentucky

C. The Atlantic Coast from Baltimore to Boston, and the cities around the Great Lakes

In the Compromise of 1850: A. The status of slavery in the territory acquired from Mexico was to be determined by the U.S. Congress B. California entered the Union as a state in which popular sovereignty would determine the future of slavery in the state C. The slave trade was abolished in the District of Columbia D. Slavery was allowed in the nation's capital

C. The slave trade was abolished in the District of Columbia

Which was not true of black soldiers during the Civil War? A. They initially received lower pay than white soldiers B. They were disproportionately assigned to labor rather than combat C. They fought mostly for the North, but tens of thousands also fought for the South D. They could not attain the rank of commissioned officer in the early years of the war

C. They fought mostly for the North, but tens of thousands also fought for the South

Which of the following describes the Battle of Antietam? A. Lincoln delivered the Gettysburg Address B. General McClellan surrendered C. This was the bloodiest battle of the war D. General Lee successfully pushed past Union troops and headed north

C. This was the bloodiest battle of the war

In the mid-1850s, the Republican Party sought: A. Lower tariffs B. The abolition of slavery C. To prevent the spread of slavery D. To end slavery in the border states

C. To prevent the spread of slavery

The Republican Party, founded in 1854: A. Was dedicated to the expansion of slavery B. Found equal support from voters in the North and South C. Was a coalition of antislavery Democrats, northern Whigs, Know-Nothing, and Free Soilers D. Ran Abraham Lincoln for president in 1856

C. Was a coalition of antislavery Democrats, northern Whigs, Know-Nothing, and Free Soilers