Final Exam Astronomy

How much longer can the Sun continue to generate energy by nuclear reactions in its core?

a. about 5 billion years

Europa, one of the Galilean satellites of Jupiter, has a surface consisting of

b. a relatively young, icy crust covered with a network of streaks and cracks, and only a few impact craters.

What is Pluto considered?

c. dwarf planet

How many large, spherical moons are in orbit around Jupiter?

d. 4

Jupiter is oblate. This means that

e. Jupiter's radius is larger at its equator than at its poles

Which of the following motions is seen to be characteristic of the four Galilean moons of Jupiter?

They each keep the same face toward the planet at all times.

What is the relationship between the orbital periods of the four Galilean satellites of Jupiter?

a. 1:2:4—Europa takes twice as long to orbit Jupiter as Io, and Ganymede takes twice as long as Europa, but there is no simple integer relationship between Callisto and Ganymede.

What is the orbital period of Pluto?

a. 248.60 years

What is the correct order of the moons of Pluto (in order of distance from Pluto)

a. Charon, Styx, Nix, Kerberos, Hydra

Which of the Galilean satellites are geologically active?

a. Europa and Io

Jupiter and Saturn each have the same three basic cloud layers, but the spacing of the layers differs on the two planets. Why is this?

a. Jupiter's greater gravity has compressed the layers, so they are closer together there.

What planet orbit does Pluto cross?

a. Neptune

Which of pluto's moon has one red crater?

a. Nix

How was the Cassini division created in Saturn's rings?

a. One of Saturn's satellites exerted a resonant pull on particles in the division, clearing a gap

Describe Pluto's orbit.

a. Pluto's orbit is ecenetic and also inclined to the plane of the ecliptic

Why are the lunar maria concentrated almost entirely on the near side of the Moon?

a. The crust is thicker on the far side of the Moon, restricting massive lava flows after asteroid impact.

What does the cratering record of Pluto imply about the origin of the Kuiper Belt?

a. The lack of small craters on old landscapes suggests that KBOs were "born big."

Other than the rings, how does the appearance of Saturn differ from that of Jupiter?

a. There are belts and zones on Saturn, but they are very faint and hazy compared to Jupiter's.

Which of the following objects may have organic carbon on its surface as a result of the interaction of UV light with methane (CH4) in its upper atmosphere.

a. Titan

Mars has a sufficient mass and a low enough temperature that water molecules could exist in its atmosphere. Why doesn't Mars' atmosphere contain a significant amount of water?

a. Ultraviolet radiation breaks the water molecule into less massive particles that can escape.

The theory that seems to account most satisfactorily for the origin of the Moon at the present time is that

a. a large object collided with Earth and ejected the material that formed the Moon.

Which of the following is/are found on Triton?

a. a nitrogen atmosphere. b. flooded basins. c. nitrogen volcanoes. d. craters. ANSWER: e. all of the above

What appears to be the "impact history" of cratering on the Moon?

a. an early period of heavy bombardment followed by a decrease in intensity (except for a spike around four billion years ago) and then very light bombardment to the present

Caloris Basin on Mercury is believed to be

a. an impact basin filled with lava flows.

The canals of Mars were found to be

a. an optical illusion.

The lunar maria appear smooth because they are

a. ancient lava flows that occurred soon after the end of an early period of intense bombardment and have had relatively few impacts since then.

The sulfuric acid clouds on Venus

a. are confined to a narrow layer about 60 km above the planet's surface and cover the whole planet.

The moon's highlands

a. are older than the maria.

When were most of the existing lava plains formed on the surface of Mercury?

a. at the end of the era of heavy bombardment, about 3.8 billion years ago

The terminator on the Moon is a line

a. between the solar-illuminated and dark hemispheres.

Belt-zone circulation is not easily visible on Uranus because

a. clouds form very deep in the atmosphere.

The granulation pattern seen on the surface of the Sun results from

a. convection of gas in the region under the photosphere.

The granular appearance of the surface of the Sun is evidence of what phenomenon occurring in or on the Sun?

a. convective motion under the solar surface

The circulation pattern in and around the Great Red Spot on Jupiter is

a. counterclockwise between two sets of winds flowing in opposite directions

What significant evidence exists for the idea that large quantities of water once flowed on the planet Mars?

a. deep, winding canyons and flood plains

The rings of Uranus were discovered

a. during an occultation of a star.

The visible corona of the Sun is most effectively photographed

a. during solar eclipses.

Jupiter's Great Red Spot

a. has changed its size significantly during the past three and a half centuries.

The surface of the planet Venus

a. has ridged and mountainous regions but no long, connected mountain ranges like the mid-ocean ridges on Earth

One consequence of the combination of rapid orbital motion and synchronous rotation of Phobos as it orbits Mars is that

a. it is slowly spiraling into the planet.

The moon is no longer geologically active because

a. it is too small.

Though Titan is small, it is able to retain an atmosphere because

a. it is very cold.

The overall geography of Mars can be best summarized as

a. major volcanoes in the northern hemisphere, extensively cratered plains in the southern hemisphere, the hemispheres separated by one major valley system.

If you are on Mercury and the time is noon (Sun directly overhead., what time of day will it be one Mercurian year later (after Mercury has orbited the Sun once)?

a. midnight

Venus has

a. no magnetic field.

To observers on Earth, the Moon shows

a. only one side to Earth at all times

The interesting feature of Jupiter's rotation is that

a. regions at different latitudes appear to rotate at different rates.

How does the the number of sunspots on the Sun vary with time?

a. relatively regularly, with a period of about 11 years

The large-scale atmospheric circulation pattern on Jupiter is characterized predominantly by

a. strong winds blowing parallel to the equator but in opposite directions at different latitudes.

The greenhouse effect keeps Venus hot because

a. the atmosphere is rich in carbon dioxide.

The Roche limit around a planet is defined as

a. the distance inside which relative tidal forces will overcome the mutual gravitational forces of a group of particles.

That Mercury has a large iron core is evidenced by

a. the large mean density of Mercury.

We can be sure the particles in the rings of Neptune are very small because

a. the rings are bright in forward scattered light.

Uranus and Neptune appear blue because

a. their atmospheres absorb red light very efficiently.

Io, one of the major Jupiter moons, is undergoing extensive volcanic activity associated with interior heating that is caused by

a. tidal distortion, and internal friction because of flexing

What appears to have caused the extensive cracking and streaking of the surface of Europa?

a. tidal flexing by Jupiter

The outer three Galilean moons of Jupiter differ from Io, the innermost such moon, by having surfaces of

a. water ice.

Saturn's rings are

a. within the planet's Roche limit. b. in the plane of the planet's equator. c. composed of ice particles. the answer is: d. all of the above

A friend who says that he is an astronomer claims that he was outside at midnight a few weeks ago looking at Mercury. What should be your response?

b. "You must be mistaken, because Mercury NEVER appears in our midnight sky."

The diagram below shows a plot of the temperature of the sun as a function of distance above the bottom of the photosphere. At what distance above the bottom of the photosphere does the temperature of the sun change the most rapidly with distance?

b. 2300 km

Ariel has a bright surface and grooves 10 km deep. Based on this, it can be concluded that

b. Ariel has a fairly young surface.

Which one of Pluto's moons is tidally locked?

b. Charon

Which are moons of Pluto?

b. Charon, Styx, Nix, Hydra, Kerberos

Which is a classification of the KBO's?

b. Classical

Some of Saturn's moderate-sized satellites (smaller than Titan) have peculiar surfaces in which their leading hemispheres (pointing ahead in the satellite's orbit) are distinctly different from their trailing hemispheres. Which of the following does not show this distinct patterning?

b. Enceladus

Which of the large moons of the Jovian planets appears to have a significant and permanent magnetic field?

b. Ganymede

The main source of the charged particles in Jupiter's magnetosphere is

b. Io.

How would "Interplanetary Travel" advertise a holiday on Jupiter's satellite Io?

b. Largest number of volcanoes for your travel dollar anywhere in the solar system!

Mercury is much closer than Venus to the Sun, and yet it never appears brighter than Venus, even when both are at maximum brightness, because

b. Mercury is small, has a dark surface, and has no reflecting clouds.

Mercury's orbital period around the Sun is 88 days, and its synodic period (the time from one inferior conjunction to the next) is 116 days. How often do we observe a transit of Mercury across the face of the Sun?

b. Much less frequently than once every 116 days because Mercury's orbit is inclined 7° from the plane of the ecliptic.

The impact craters on Earth are younger than a few million years old, whereas ages of lunar craters extend back billions of years. Why is this?

b. Plate tectonics has erased older craters on Earth, whereas this process has not occurred on the Moon.

Most terrestrial planets have portions of their surface that appear to be significantly older than other portions of their surface. What evidence suggests that the surface of Venus is all of the same age?

b. The craters on Venus are randomly distributed in size and number across the surface.

Which of the following satellites of planets in our solar system has a significant, dense atmosphere?

b. Titan, a moon of Saturn

Why is the F ring much narrower than the main rings?

b. Two "shepherd" satellites focus the particles into a narrow ring.

Which solar system object listed below is most similar to Earth in terms of mass and density?

b. Venus

The surfaces of old icy satellites

b. appear dark in color with many impact craters.

Coronae on Venus are believed to be

b. caused by rising convection currents in the interior of Venus.

The source of excess heat emitted by Jupiter, above that which is absorbed as sunlight and reemitted, is thought to be

b. gravitational potential energy released as heat during its formation stages, still being released.

Saturn's atmosphere is

b. hazy above the clouds

What is the origin of the majority of lunar craters?

b. impacts by meteoric material

At the present time, the energy of the Sun is generated

b. in its central core only, by fusion of hydrogen nuclei.

Solar flares, the violent eruptive events on the Sun, occur most frequently

b. in or above complex sunspot groups.

Where would you expect to find spicules?

b. in the atmosphere of the Sun

Which of these is not part of the definition of "dwarf planet?"

b. is a satellite of another planet

The surface of Mercury is difficult to map from Earth because

b. it is always near the sun.

As the moon revolves around Earth

b. it keeps one side always toward Earth.

Which of the following kinds of rocks are not found on the Moon?

b. limestone

Based on their average densities, the six moderate-sized satellites of Saturn are believed to be composed

b. mostly of ice, with perhaps a small, rocky core.

The particles in Jupiter's ring

b. must be silicate particles

The composition of the atmosphere of Titan, a satellite of Saturn, is mostly

b. nitrogen, methane, and other hydrocarbons

The Moon has

b. no global magnetic field, although weak magnetism in lunar rocks does show that a magnetic field existed earlier in the Moon's history.

The diagram below shows a cross section of the interior of Uranus. Which of the regions do current computer models suggest is composed primarily of water.

b. region 2

What conditions are considered necessary for a planet to be able to generate an intense magnetic field?

b. relatively rapid rotation and electrically conducting material in its interior

Which chemical or chemicals appear to play a prominent role in the eruptive plumes of Io?

b. sulfur and sulfur dioxide

A spacecraft is moving directly toward a large planet, and a rock rests on the side of the craft nearest the planet, held only by its gravitational attraction to the craft. As the planet is approached, we will observe

b. that at a certain distance the rock will begin to accelerate toward the planet. The spacecraft will be left behind, but it will remain intact.

Examination of the whole surface of the Moon shows us that

b. the Moon appears to have two distinctly different sides, that seen from Earth and that hidden from Earth.

The origin of the very thin oxygen atmosphere around Europa is

b. the breakup of water molecules by the impact of ionized material from Jupiter's magnetosphere.

It was originally thought questionable whether a manned lunar landing could take place because

b. the lunar surface might be too soft to land on.

The excess heat produced by Saturn is the result of

b. the planet's continual slow contraction.

Jupiter's magnetic field is caused by

b. the planet's rapid rotation coupled with liquid metallic hydrogen in its interior.

What is the primary cause of moonquakes?

b. tidal forces due to the gravitational pull of Earth

The rotation periods for the Jovian planets—Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune—are

b. very short—about 10 to 20 hours

The white ovals seen on Jupiter appear to be

b. vortices (whirlpools) created between regions of oppositely directed winds.

How long does Hydra take to rotate?

c. 10 Hours

how many satellites orbit Pluto?

c. 5

How long does it take Pluto to rotate on its axis?

c. 6.4 days

The average densities of the Galilean moons of Jupiter follow which pattern with increasing distance from the planet?

c. Average density decreases with distance from the planet.

The surface and near-surface atmospheric conditions on Venus are

c. CO2 atmosphere, high pressure, and high temperature.

Why did the Venera series of spacecraft survive for only a few minutes on Venus' surface?

c. Conditions of extreme pressure, corrosive atmosphere, and high temperatures caused severe damage.

The largest satellite (moon) in our planetary system is

c. Ganymede, a moon of Jupiter.

Sputnik Planum does not have any cratering. What does this signify?

c. It is a relatively new surface on Pluto.

What is the status of the greenhouse effect on Mars at the present time?

c. It is very weak and raises the planet's temperature only a few degrees above the temperature it would have with no atmosphere at all.

_______________ made the first calculation of the orbit of Neptune and prediction of where to look to observe it.

c. John Adams

Which of the planets fits the following description: "a solid, cool surface, with occasional dust clouds and a thin CO2 atmosphere"?

c. Mars

Why is it surprising that Mercury has a magnetic field that is significantly smaller than Earth's but still measurable?

c. Mercury's small size suggests that it should no longer have a molten core, so no magnetic field is expected.

What does Pluto's surface consist of?

c. Nitrogen, methane, and water ice

The atmosphere(s) of _______________ contain(s) mostly nitrogen with traces of methane.

c. Pluto

What does the cratering record of Pluto tell us so far?

c. Pluto has a surface of varying ages, ranging from about 4 billion years old to as young as 10 million years old.

How does the composition of Saturn's atmosphere compare to that of Jupiter, which is the same as that of the Sun?

c. Saturn's atmosphere contains less helium than does that of either Jupiter or the Sun.

One hypothesis suggested to explain the uniform age of the surface of Venus is that

c. Venus' surface periodically goes through a catastrophic melting of the entire surface.

How long is a "lunar day," or the time between two successive sunrises or sunsets on the Moon?

c. about 1 month

Rings of dust and icy particles are found around which planets?

c. all four of the Jovian planets

Uranus and Neptune do not contain liquid metallic hydrogen because they

c. are not massive enough.

Saturn's F ring and the rings of Uranus are similar in that they

c. are very narrow

The high-speed winds observed on Jupiter occur mainly

c. at the boundaries between the dark belts and the light zones.

The Io flux tube is a

c. channel of ionized gas flowing between Jupiter and Io that produces a huge electrical current.

Most of the mountain ranges on the Moon are the

c. circular edges and rims of large maria, caused by impacts from large objects

The maria on the Moon appear to be

c. craters filled with basalt from within the Moon.

The surface of Ganymede, a Galilean satellite of Jupiter, is characterized by

c. dark areas of ancient terrain and bright, younger, but still very old areas with many folded ridges indicating tectonic activity on Ganymede in the distant past.

Observations indicate that a large electric current flows through Europa, induced by Jupiter's magnetosphere sweeping over the planet. This requires an electrically conducting medium under the surface. In the case of Europa, this medium is believed to be

c. ionized water

The temperature on the daylight side of Mercury

c. is about 900°F hotter than the night side because Mercury lacks an atmosphere.

The time it takes Mercury to complete a solar day (the time from sunrise to sunrise)

c. is equal to two revolutions of Mercury around the sun.

Europa has few craters because

c. it has erased craters nearly as fast as they have formed.

The extreme size of volcanoes on Mars indicate that

c. large moving plates have not formed on Mars.

All of the following exist on Titan except

c. liquid water on the surface

Slow surface evolution on the moon is limited to

c. low level meteorite impacts.

Compared to earthquakes, moonquakes are

c. much weaker and less frequent, occurring mostly when the Moon is at perigee.

The Moon has

c. no measurable atmosphere or liquid water.

Phobos

c. orbits Mars faster than Mars rotates on its axis.

In order from lowest to highest, what are the names of the three layers in the Sun's atmosphere?

c. photosphere, chromosphere, corona

The best images of the overall topology of Venus have been produced by

c. reflection of microwave and short radio wave radiation from the surface by an orbiting spacecraft.

What material produces the distinct red color of Mars?

c. rust or iron oxides

Compared to rocks on Earth, lunar rocks are

c. slightly depleted in elements that melt at low temperatures, enriched in elements that melt at high temperatures, and contain no water of crystallization.

The rotation of Uranus is peculiar in that

c. the axis is nearly parallel to the plane of its orbit.

Saturn appears to emit heat as infrared radiation in excess of the energy absorbed from sunlight and also the Kelvin-Helmholtz Contraction. The most likely major cause of this excess heating is

c. the condensing of helium into droplets that fall into the planet, releasing gravitational energy as heat.

What name is given to the outer atmosphere of the Sun?

c. the corona

The lunar maria are

c. the lava plains of the lunar lowlands.

What is the photosphere of the Sun?

c. the visible "surface" of the Sun

The rings of Uranus and Neptune are believed to be very narrow because

c. they are shepherded by small moons

What is nuclear fusion?

c. two nuclei sticking together to form a new, heavier nucleus

The most common surface features on Venus are

c. volcanoes and lava flows.

Mercury's magnetic field, compared with that of Earth, is

c. weak, but strong enough to deflect the solar wind.

The Viking Lander spacecraft measured a steadily decreasing atmospheric pressure soon after landing on Mars. What was found to be the cause of this observation?

d. Atmospheric CO2 was freezing out into "dry ice" as colder temperatures signaled the onset of the Martian winter.

How did optical illusion mislead early visual observers of Mars?

d. Chance alignments of faint, dark features looked like canals whereas darker areas, when viewed against the orange-red surface, were interpreted as vegetation.

Judging by the density of craters, which of the following lists the planets according to the age of the surface from youngest to oldest?

d. Earth, Venus, Mercury

Astronauts at a Moon base visible from Earth will not see

d. Earthrise or Earthset.

Which of Pluto's moons rotates the fastest?

d. Hydra

The sunspot cycle affects I. the latitude at which sunspots are visible at a given time. II. the number of sunspots that are visible at a given time. III. the rotation rate of the sun's equator at a given time. IV. the magnetic polarity of the sunspots at a given time.

d. I, II, & IV

In what way is the rocky material of Jupiter's core different from the rocks found on Earth?

d. It is much hotter and more dense because of the extreme pressure at the core of Jupiter.

If viewed from a point directly above the plane of the planetary system, how would the Moon appear to rotate on its axis?

d. It would rotate once per month, or once per revolution about Earth

Why does Venus experience fewer transits of the Sun than does Mercury?

d. Mercury is closer to the Sun and thus orbits more frequently.

What is the region on Pluto called Tombaugh Regio mostly covered in?

d. Methane ice

How would "Interplanetary Travel" advertise a holiday on Titan, one of the satellites of Saturn?

d. Methane rain!

On Mars, the air pressure varies much more from one season to another than it does on Earth. Why is this?

d. On Mars, much of the CO2, the major constituent of the atmosphere, condenses out to the surface as snow. This gas is only a minor constituent in Earth's atmosphere.

________ are believed to have formed on Mercury when the planet's interior cooled and shrank.

d. Scarps

What is the character of the sunspot cycle?

d. Starting at sunspot minimum, spots first appear far from the equator, followed by new spots appearing successively closer to the equator as they increase in number and finally, spots form close to the equator as numbers begin to decrease.

Which of Pluto's moons was discovered most recently in 2012?

d. Styx

Which of Pluto's moons was most recently discovered?

d. Styx

Suppose Mimas orbited further out from Saturn than it does now. What difference, if any, would this make to the Cassini division?

d. The Cassini division would also move further out.

Which hypothesis concerning the formation of the moon makes predictions that best fit the observed lunar data?

d. The large impact hypothesis

Why do the rings of Saturn alternately appear very distinct and then almost disappear when viewed from Earth over periods of a few years?

d. The plane of the rings is tilted with respect to the ecliptic plane and thus appear edge-on at times.

Saturn is less massive than Jupiter but has almost the same size. Why is this?

d. The smaller mass exerts less gravitational force and is unable to compress the mass as much as in Jupiter.

Why do we suspect the existence of some liquid beneath the surface of Callisto?

d. There is evidence of an induced magnetic field caused by Callisto's passage through Jupiter's magnetosphere.

How was Pluto discovered?

d. They were looking for a larger object beyond Neptune and found small Pluto instead

Nereid orbits Neptune in a highly elliptical orbit, and Triton has a retrograde orbit around Neptune. This information suggests that

d. Triton and Nereid may both have suffered major impacts that radically changed their orbits.

The most striking characteristic observed on the surface of Iapetus, one of the outer satellites of Saturn, is

d. a brightness variation, its leading hemisphere being as dark as asphalt whereas its trailing hemisphere appears as bright as ice

The Great Dark Spot is

d. a huge cyclonic storm on the surface of Neptune

The period and direction of rotation of Mars are

d. a little longer than 24 hours, in the same direction as Earth.

What is a filament on the Sun?

d. a prominence seen in silhouette against the photosphere

The surface of Venus has been studied

d. all of the above

Callisto, the outer Galilean moon of Jupiter, has a surface consisting of

d. an ancient, icy crust covered with numerous craters and no surface cracks or groove belts that would indicate internal activity.

The Tharsis rise on Mars, a region that is higher than the surrounding plain by about 5 km (over 16,000 ft), was caused by

d. an upwelling magma plume in Mars' interior, which has raised this whole region.

The "snow" that occasionally falls on Mars and covers the bottoms of craters is most probably made of

d. carbon dioxide ice

The clouds in the atmosphere of Venus consist primarily of

d. droplets of H2SO4 or sulfuric acid.

The near and far sides of the Moon are particularly different in that the

d. far side has no maria.

The eruptive plumes observed on Io are thought to most closely resemble

d. geysers, where material is shot upward by the pressure of gas produced below the surface

The surface of the Sun is divided into light-colored areas with dark boundaries in a cellular pattern. What are these cells called?

d. granules

The magnetic fields of Uranus and Neptune are peculiar in that they are

d. highly inclined (tilted) to the axis of rotation.

Craters on Mercury appear to have been produced by

d. impacts from objects early in the planet's history.

On which other world in the solar system do we find evidence of ice rafts (now apparently frozen) similar in many respects to ice rafts in the Arctic Ocean?

d. in the icy surface of Jupiter's satellite Europa

Despite the planet's close proximity to the Sun, water ice remains on the surface of Mercury because it

d. is permanently shielded from the Sun by crater walls at the north and south poles.

The reason for the slightly flattened or oblate shape of Jupiter is

d. its rapid rotation rate.

A regolith is a(n)

d. layer of pulverized rock on the surface of a planet or other object.

The magnetic field of Mars, compared with that of Earth, is

d. localized and very weak.

Which of the following signs of water is not seen on Mars?

d. melting pools at the edges of the polar caps

The presence of vesicular basalts among the lunar rock samples shows that

d. molten lava once flowed over the lunar surface.

Energy is transported from the center of the Sun to the surface

d. mostly by radiation but with convection in the outer layers.

A major feature of the atmosphere of Mars is

d. occasional strong winds and dust storms.

What are the most common shapes of lunar craters and why?

d. round, because the shock wave from the impact that produced them spread out uniformly in all directions

The highest temperatures in the Sun are found in the

d. solar interior.

The flow patterns found on the surface of Mars suggest

d. that the climate on Mars was different in the past.

What is the name of the layer of the Sun's atmosphere that appears as a pinkish ring just outside the visible disk of the Sun during a total solar eclipse?

d. the chromosphere

Jupiter rotates differentially, which in the case of Jupiter means that

d. the equator of Jupiter rotates faster than its poles

What is the source of the X rays emitted by the solar corona?

d. the high temperature gas of the corona

The oldest parts of the surface of Mercury are believed to be

d. the intercrater plains.

Suppose that two regions on the Moon have ages, respectively, of 3.7 and 4.3 billion years. Based on these ages, we expect to find that

d. the older region has far more craters than the younger region because of changes in the cratering rate over that time.

Polygons have been found on Pluto with smooth edges, which suggest that:

d. there may be a layer of ice on top of the surface causing convention to make the cracks.

Venus and Earth are about the same size, yet they have only one of the following characteristics in common. Which one?

d. volcanic activity

The geology of Venus appears to be dominated by

d. volcanism.

Can regions of ice exist on the surface of the Moon?

d. yes, because the floors of craters at the north and south poles can be permanently shaded from the Sun

_______________ in Saturn's rings is/are produced by the gravitational interaction of Mimas with the particles in the rings and appears as a large gap in the rings.

e. Cassini's division

Why will Pluto never collide with Neptune?

e. Pluto is not in the ecliptic plane and is in a resonant orbit

What is the name of the smooth surface on Pluto?

e. Sputnik Planum

Which area on Pluto is completely crater-free?

e. The left half of Tombaugh Regio

_______________ is a very long and deep canyon on Mars.

e. Valles Marineris

Both Jupiter and Saturn

e. all of the above

The moons of Mars are believed to be

e. captured asteroids.

Jupiter does not have

e. crustal plates on its surface

Belt and zone circulation

e. is caused by rising and sinking gases.

Which of the following are not found on Venus?

e. lobate scarps

Liquid metallic hydrogen

e. none of the above

The surface temperature of Mercury is

e. none of the above

Measurements of the magnetic field of Venus reveal that the

e. planet has no detectable magnetic field.

That the moon has no magnetic field implies that

e. the moon's core contains little if any molten iron.