Final Exam Ch. 24-42 EMT
In which of the following patients should you remove an impaled object? a. A pulseless and apneic patient with a knife impaled in the back b.An apneic patient with a shard of glass impaled in the abdomen c.A conscious and alert patient with a fishhook impaled in the eye d.A semiconscious patient with an ice pick impaled in the chest
a. A pulseless and apneic patient with a knife impaled in the back
Blood stasis, changes in the vessel wall, and certain medications affect the: a. ability of the blood to effectively clot. b.white blood cells' ability to fight infection. c.ability of red blood cells to carry oxygen. d.systolic blood pressure exclusively.
a. ability of the blood to effectively clot.
A 20-year-old male was accidentally shot in the right upper abdominal quadrant with an arrow during an archery contest. Prior to your arrival, the patient removed the arrow. Your assessment reveals that he is conscious and alert with stable vital signs. The entrance wound is bleeding minimally and appears to be superficial. You should: a. assume that the arrow injured an internal organ. b.transport only if signs of shock begin to develop. c.carefully probe the wound to determine its depth. d.clean the wound and apply a dry, sterile dressing.
a. assume that the arrow injured an internal organ.
According to the American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma (ACS-COT), an adult trauma patient should be transported to the highest level of trauma center if he or she: a. has a GCS score of less than or equal to 13 with a mechanism attributed to trauma. b. was involved in a motor vehicle crash in which another patient in the same vehicle was killed. c. has a bleeding disorder or takes anticoagulant medications and has any blunt or penetrating injury. d. has a systolic blood pressure of less than 110 mm Hg or a heart rate greater than 110 beats/min.
a. has a GCS score of less than or equal to 13 with a mechanism attributed to trauma.
Regarding the pediatric rule of nines, the: a. legs are proportionately smaller than an adult's legs. b.thorax is proportionately larger than an adult's thorax. c.head is proportionately smaller than an adult's head. d.arms are proportionately larger than an adult's arms.
a. legs are proportionately smaller than an adult's legs. pg 985
In which of the following situations would external bleeding be the most difficult to control? a.Femoral artery laceration and a blood pressure of 140/90 mm Hg b.Antecubital vein laceration and a blood pressure of 138/92 mm Hg c.Jugular vein laceration and a systolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg d.Carotid artery laceration and a systolic blood pressure of 60 mm Hg
a.Femoral artery laceration and a blood pressure of 140/90 mm Hg
Which of the following findings would be the most significant when assessing a patient with possible internal bleeding? a.The patient takes rivaroxaban (Xarelto). b.The patient has a history of hypertension. c.The patient has not eaten in 24 hours. d.The patient had a stroke five years prior.
a.The patient takes rivaroxaban (Xarelto).
A young male was shot in the abdomen by an unknown type of gun. Law enforcement personnel have ensured that the scene is safe. The patient is semiconscious, has shallow breathing, and is bleeding externally from the wound. As you control the external bleeding, your partner should: a.assist the patient's ventilations. b.apply a nonrebreathing mask. c.obtain baseline vital signs. d.perform a secondary assessment.
a.assist the patient's ventilations.
During your assessment of a patient with blunt chest trauma, you note that the patient has shallow breathing and paradoxical movement of the left chest wall. You should: a.assist ventilations with a bag valve mask. b.request a paramedic to decompress the chest. c.make note of it and continue your assessment. d.apply high-flow oxygen via nonrebreathing mask.
a.assist ventilations with a bag valve mask.
he term "hyphema" is defined as: a.blood in the anterior chamber of the eye. b.an acute rupture of the globe of the eye. c.compression of one or both optic nerves. d.inflammation of the iris, cornea, and lens.
a.blood in the anterior chamber of the eye.
An open fracture is most accurately defined as a fracture in which: a bullet or other projectile shatters the underlying bone. the bone is broken but does not penetrate the skin. an external wound is present over the fracture site. fractured bone ends protrude through the skin.
an external wound is present over the fracture site.
An open pneumothorax is:
an open chest wound through which air moves during breathing.
A 48-year-old male has a suspected open-book pelvic fracture. He is conscious but restless, and his skin is pale and diaphoretic. His respirations are 22 breaths/min and his pulse rate is 120 beats/min. There is no external bleeding noted. The EMT should:
apply a compression device around his pelvis.
A 39-year-old male sustained a large laceration to his leg during an accident with a chainsaw and is experiencing signs and symptoms of shock. You should first
apply direct pressure to the wound.
You respond to a residence for a 40-year-old female who was assaulted by her husband; the scene has been secured by law enforcement. Upon your arrival, you find the patient lying supine on the floor in the kitchen. She is semiconscious with severely labored breathing. Further assessment reveals a large bruise to the left anterior chest, jugular venous distention, and unilaterally absent breath sounds. As your partner is supporting her ventilations, you should: immediately request ALS support. perform a focused secondary exam. obtain a set of baseline vital signs. insert an oropharyngeal airway.
immediately request ALS support.
A 17-year-old female dislocated her patella while playing soccer. Her knee is flexed, and she complains of severe pain. You should: gently straighten her knee and apply a padded board splint. flex her knee slightly more and assess for distal circulation. make one attempt to return the patella to its normal position. keep her knee flexed and secure it with padded board splints.
keep her knee flexed and secure it with padded board splints.
A frostbitten foot can be identified by the presence of: soft, smooth skin. blanching of the skin. mottling and blisters. gross deformity.
mottling and blisters.
As a triage supervisor, you: are responsible for providing initial treatment to all patients. should communicate with area hospitals regarding their capabilities. must not begin treatment until all patients have been triaged. must prepare patients for transport before they leave the triage area.
must not begin treatment until all patients have been triaged.
A rapid, irregular pulse following blunt trauma to the chest is most suggestive of a: pericardial tamponade. myocardial contusion. tension pneumothorax. ruptured aorta.
myocardial contusion.
Signs and symptoms that might be found in a patient who has experienced a concussion include:
nausea and ringing in the ears.
The small, rounded, fleshy bulge immediately anterior to the ear canal is called the:
tragus
Immediate death from blunt chest trauma following a motor vehicle crash is most often the result of:
traumatic aortic rupture.
Severe burns include the following : full thickness burns involving the hands, feet, face, airway, or genetalia; full thickness burns covering more than 10% of the body's total surface area (BSA); partial thickness burns covering more than 30% of the BSA; burns involving the respiratory tract, burns complicated by fractures; and burns on patients younger than 5 years or older than 55 years that would otherwise be considered as moderate in younger adults
true lol
cerebrum % of the brains total volume
75%
Femoral shaft fractures can result in up to _____ mL of internal blood loss. 4,000 2,000 1,000 1,500
1,000mL - 1L
Glasco Coma Scale scoring
- Scoring provides a level of severity & predicts outcomes - 8 or Below: Severe brain injury - 9-12: Moderate brain injury - 14 or Above: Minor brain injury -Eyes 4, Verbal 5, Motor 6
A fractured femur can result in the loss of ______ or more of blood into the soft tissues of the thigh.
1 L
An infant with a total blood volume of 800 mL would start showing signs of shock when as little as ______ of blood is lost. 200 mL 50 mL 150 mL 100 mL
100 mL 26-2 Explain the significance of bleeding caused by blunt force trauma, including the importance of perfusion. Page 938 Body will not tolerate loss greater than 20% of Blood volume
Following a head injury, a 20-year-old female opens her eyes spontaneously, is confused, and obeys your commands to move her extremities. You should assign her a GCS score of:
14
A newborn infant will usually begin breathing spontaneously within _______ seconds following birth. 3 to 5 15 to 30 5 to 10 30 to 60
15-30 seconds
A mother who is pregnant with her first baby is typically in the first stage of labor for approximately
16 hours
A 21-year-old male was working in an auto repair shop and sustained radiator burns to the anterior aspect of both arms and to his anterior chest. According to the rule of nines, this patient has burns that cover _____ of his body surface area. 18% 27% 45% 36%
18%
A 5-year-old female pulled a pot of boiling water from the stove. She has superficial and partial-thickness burns to her head, face, and anterior trunk. What percentage of her body surface area has been burned? 27% 18% 36% 30%
30%
To evaluate hazards present at the scene and determine the number of patients, you should interview bystanders present at the scene. use the information provided by dispatch. perform a 360° walkaround of the scene. request the fire department at all scenes.
360
What is the approximate blood volume of an 80-kg adult male?
6L (200 lb man)
A person's ability to shiver is lost when his or her body temperature falls below: 90°F (32°C). 92°F (33°C). 95°F (35°C). 94°F (34°C).
90°F (32°C).
Which of the following splinting devices would be most appropriate to use for a patient who has an open fracture of the forearm with external bleeding? Vacuum splint Sling and swathe Cardboard splint Air splint
Air splint
A man jumped from the roof of his house and landed on his feet. He complains of pain to his heels, knees, and lower back. This mechanism of injury is an example of:
Axial loading
5-year-old child has had severe vomiting and diarrhea for 4 days. Which of the following assessment findings would be the most indicative of decompensated shock Blood pressure of 70/40 mm Hg Pulse rate greater than 120/min Capillary refill time of 4 seconds Respiratory rate of 30 breaths/min
Blood pressure of 70/40 mm Hg
A 5-year-old child has had severe vomiting and diarrhea for 4 days. Which of the following assessment findings would be the most indicative of decompensated shock Blood pressure of 70/40 mm Hg Pulse rate greater than 120/min Capillary refill time of 4 seconds Respiratory rate of 30 breaths/min
Blood pressure of 70/40 mm Hg
A flail chest occurs when:
a segment of the chest wall is detached from the thoracic cage.
How to control bleeding?
Direct pressure, add bandages, and then tourniquet last resort.
If a person is standing near a building that explodes, which of the following injuries would he or she MOST likely experience as a result of the pressure wave?
Eardrum rupture
Kinetic Energy
Energy of moving object KE = ½ mass x Velocity^2
Energy of Work
Force acting over a distance Forces that bend, pull, or compress tissues beyond their inherent limits result in the work that causes injury.
Melena is a sign of
GI bleeding
n which of the following situations should the EMT splint an injured limb in the position of deformity? If transport time to the hospital is greater than 20 to 30 minutes If a traction splint will be used to immobilize the injured extremity When distal circulation and neurological functions are absent If resistance is encountered or the patient experiences severe pain
If resistance is encountered or the patient experiences severe pain
Becks Triad
JVD, muffled heart sounds, decreased BP = Cardiac Tamponade
The mesentery is: a membranous fold that attaches the intestines to the walls of the body. a layer of thick skeletal muscles that protects the abdominal organs. a complex network of blood vessels that supply blood to the liver. the point of attachment between the small and large intestines.
a membranous fold that attaches the intestines to the walls of the body.
According to the START triage system, what should you do if you encounter an unresponsive patient who is not breathing Triage the patient as "expectant" and move on. Assign the patient in the "immediate" category. Ventilate the patient for 2 minutes and reassess. Open the airway and reassess breathing status.
Open the airway and reassess breathing status.
sign of compartment syndrome?
Pain upon passive movement of the injury site
By what mechanism is a person injured when he or she falls from a significant height?
Potential energy is converted to kinetic energy; the kinetic energy is then converted into the work of bringing the body to a stop.
Potential Energy
Product of mass, force of gravity, and height Mostly associated with falling objects
Compression injuries to the abdomen that occur during a motor vehicle crash are typically the result of: airbag deployment. failure to wear seat belts. rapid vehicle deceleration. a poorly placed lap belt
a poorly placed lap belt
A patient with a chest injury has a blood pressure of 100/60 mm Hg and a pulse rate of 120 beats/min. Which of the following additional findings should make you suspect a pericardial tamponade? Unilaterally absent breath sounds A pulse that becomes irregular Repeat BP of 90/68 mm Hg Flattening of the jugular veins
Repeat BP of 90/68 mm Hg (lowering BP)
What types of motor vehicle collisions present the greatest potential for multiple impacts
Rotational and rollover
Assuming that no obvious signs of intra-abdominal injury are present, which of the following injuries would most likely cause an injury to the liver or spleen to be overlooked? Lumbar spine fracture Shoulder fracture Femur fracture Pelvic fracture
Shoulder fracture
sprain
Stretching or tearing of the ligaments with partial or temporary dislocation of the bone ends has occurred
A 69-year-old female was involved in a motor vehicle crash. She is semiconscious with a blood pressure of 80/50 mm Hg and a heart rate of 74 beats/min that is weak. Her daughter, who was uninjured in the crash, tells you that her mother has a history of hypertension and takes beta-blockers. Because this patient is probably in shock, what is the most likely explanation for the absence of tachycardia? a. Deterioration of the cardiac conduction system b. Intrathoracic bleeding and cardiac compression c. Failure of the parasympathetic nervous system d. The effects of her antihypertensive medication
The effects of her antihypertensive medication
A 19-year-old male is unresponsive, apneic, and pulseless after being struck in the center of the chest with a softball. Based on the mechanism of injury, what most likely occurred?
Ventricular fibrillation when the impact occurred during a critical portion of the cardiac cycle Commotio Cordis
Following blunt trauma to the face, a 21-year-old male complains of a severe headache and decreased ability to move his eyes. This patient's clinical presentation is most consistent with: a ruptured eyeball. a lacerated globe. optic vessel compression. a blow out fracture
a blow-out fracture.
A patient who is complaining of seeing flashing lights, specks, or "floaters" in his or her field of vision has most likely experienced:
a detached retina.
A spinal cord injury at the level of C7 would most likely result in: a.paralysis of the intercostal muscles. b.immediate cardiac arrest. c.paralysis of the diaphragm. d.paralysis of all the respiratory muscles.
a.paralysis of the intercostal muscles.
After applying a pressure dressing to a laceration on a patient's arm, you notice that blood is slowly beginning to saturate it. You should: a.place additional dressings over the wound. b.splint the arm and keep it below heart level. c.apply a tourniquet proximal to the wound. d.replace the dressing with another dressing
a.place additional dressings over the wound.
A 30-year-old male sustained a stab wound to the neck when he was attacked outside a nightclub. During your assessment, you should be MOST alert for: a.potential airway compromise. b.damage to internal structures. c.alterations in his mental status. d.injury to the cervical spine.
a.potential airway compromise.
After blunt trauma to the abdomen, a 21-year-old female complains of diffuse abdominal pain and pain to the left shoulder. Your assessment reveals that her abdomen is distended and tender to palpation. On the basis of these findings, you should be most suspicious of injury to the: a.spleen. b.kidneys. c.gallbladder. d.pancreas.
a.spleen.
When transporting a patient with a facial injury, it is most important to be as descriptive as possible with the hospital regarding the patient's injuries because: a.they might need to call a specialist to see the patient. b.they must make arrangements for an ICU bed. c.most patients with facial trauma will need surgery. d.it saves time on repeat assessments at the hospital.
a.they might need to call a specialist to see the patient.
Equipment and supplies that are carried on an ambulance should be stored
according to the urgency and frequency of their use.
The meninges, along with the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that circulates in between each meningeal layer, function by:
acting as a shock absorber for the brain and spinal cord.
A 39-year-old male was struck in the head by a baseball during a game. He is confused and has slurred speech. He has a large hematoma in the center of his forehead and cannot remember the events preceding the injury. After manually stabilizing his head and assessing his airway, you should:
administer high-flow oxygen.
A specific legal document that directs relatives and caregivers regarding the medical treatment that may be given to patients who cannot speak for themselves is called a(n)
advanced directive
A normal level of consciousness in an infant or child is characterized by
age-appropriate behavior, good muscle tone, and good eye contact.
A 37-year-old male was pinned between a flatbed truck and a loading dock. On exam, you find bruising to the chest, distended neck veins, bilaterally diminished breath sounds, and bilateral scleral hemorrhaging. You should:
aggressively manage his airway
A short backboard or vest-style immobilization device is indicated for patients who:
are in a sitting position and are clinically stable.
After your partner assumes manual in-line stabilization of the patient's head, you should: a.thoroughly palpate the patient's head for deformities. b.use four people to log roll the patient onto a backboard. c.apply an appropriately sized rigid cervical collar. d.assess distal neurovascular status in the extremities.
assess distal neurovascular status in the extremities.
A 30-year-old male was rescued after being lost in the woods for approximately 18 hours. The outside temperature is 30°F (-1°C). He is immediately placed in the warmed ambulance, where you perform a primary assessment. He is unresponsive, pale, and apneic. You should:
assess for a carotid pulse for up to 60 seconds.
According to the JumpSTART triage system, if a pediatric patient has a respiratory rate of 40 breaths/min, you should
assess for a distal pulse.
A young male sustained a gunshot wound to the abdomen during an altercation. As your partner is assessing and managing his airway, you should control the obvious bleeding and then
assess for an exit wound.
After eating at a local restaurant, a 20-year-old male complains of blurred vision, difficulty speaking, and difficulty breathing. He is conscious; however, his respirations are profoundly labored and producing minimal tidal volume. You should apply oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask. position him supine and elevate his legs. assist his ventilations with high-flow oxygen. request a paramedic to administer atropine.
assist his ventilations with high-flow oxygen.
A young female experienced a laceration to her left eyeball from flying glass when her boyfriend broke a soda bottle against a wall. There is moderate bleeding, and the patient states that she cannot see out of the injured eye. You should:
avoid applying pressure to the globe when you are covering the eye.
A reflex arc occurs when: a. a sensory nerve sends a message to the brain, but the motor nerve fails to send the appropriate response to the body. b. a sensory nerve detects an irritating stimulus and bypasses the brain by sending a direct message to the motor nerve. c. the motor nerves function automatically without receiving a message from the CNS. d. the brain interprets sensory information that it receives from peripheral and cranial nerves and sends a signal to the muscles.
b. a sensory nerve detects an irritating stimulus and bypasses the brain by sending a direct message to the motor nerve.
After direct trauma to the left upper back, a 44-year-old male presents with diaphoresis and restlessness. His blood pressure is 100/50 mm Hg, his pulse rate is 120 beats/min and weak, and his respirations are 24 breaths/min and labored. Your assessment reveals abrasions and contusions over the left scapula. You should: a. focus your assessment on his scapulae and clavicles and apply high-flow oxygen. b. apply high-flow oxygen, consider spinal precautions, and transport without delay. c. apply high-flow oxygen, perform a detailed secondary assessment, and transport. d. hyperventilate him with a bag valve mask and monitor his oxygen saturation.
b. apply high-flow oxygen, consider spinal precautions, and transport without delay.
Which of the following is a severe burn in a 35-year-old patient? a.Superficial burn covering 50% of the body surface area b.Circumferential partial-thickness burn to the chest c.Full-thickness burn to 5% of the body surface area d.Partial-thickness burn to 20% of the body surface area
b.Circumferential partial-thickness burn to the chest
A 70-year-old man presents with a severe nosebleed. His medical history includes chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, depression, and a hemorrhagic stroke three years ago. His BP is 190/110 mm Hg, his pulse is 100 beats/min, and his respirations are 24 breaths/min. His medications include albuterol, sertraline (Zoloft), and multivitamins. Which of the following is most likely causing his nosebleed today? a.Hemorrhagic stroke b.High blood pressure c.His prescribed albuterol d.Diabetic complications
b.High blood pressure
A 17-year-old male was shot in the right anterior chest during an altercation. As your partner is applying oxygen, you perform a rapid assessment and find an open chest wound with a small amount of blood bubbling from it. You should: a.control the bleeding from the wound and prepare to transport at once. b.apply an occlusive dressing to the wound and continue your assessment. c.place a sterile dressing over the wound and apply direct pressure. d.direct your partner to assist the patient's ventilations with a bag-mask device.
b.apply an occlusive dressing to the wound and continue your assessment.
An organ or tissue might better resist damage from hypoperfusion if the: a.body's demand for oxygen is markedly increased. b.body's temperature is considerably less than 98.6°F (37.0°C). c.heart rate is maintained at more than 100 beats/min. d.systolic arterial blood pressure is at least 60 mm Hg.
b.body's temperature is considerably less than 98.6°F (37.0°C).
A 45-year-old male was working on his roof when he fell approximately 12 feet, landing on his feet. He is conscious and alert and complains of an ache in his lower back. He is breathing adequately and has stable vital signs. You should: a.perform a rapid head-to-toe exam and immobilize his spine. b.immobilize his spine and perform a focused secondary exam. c.allow him to refuse transport if his vital signs remain stable. d.obtain a Glasgow Coma Score value and give him oxygen.
b.immobilize his spine and perform a focused secondary exam.
Following direct trauma to the upper part of the anterior neck, a young male presents with labored breathing, loss of voice, and subcutaneous emphysema in the soft tissues around his neck. You should suspect a(n): a.crushed cricoid. b.laryngeal fracture. c.esophageal tear. d.collapsed trachea.
b.laryngeal fracture.
A 28-year-old male was struck in the chest with a baseball bat during an altercation. He is conscious and alert and complains of severe chest pain. Your assessment reveals a large area of ecchymosis over the sternum and a rapid, irregular pulse. In addition to providing supplemental oxygen, you should: a.apply bulky dressings to the sternum. b.prepare for immediate transport. c.apply an AED and assess his BP. d. determine if he has cardiac problems.
b.prepare for immediate transport.
A 22-year-old male was kicked in the abdomen multiple times during an assault. He is conscious but restless and his pulse is rapid. His skin is cold and moist. Your assessment reveals a large area of bruising to the right upper quadrant of his abdomen. The most appropriate treatment for this patient includes: a. a detailed assessment of his abdomen. b.preparing for immediate transport. c. performing a focused physical exam. d.applying oxygen via nasal cannula.
b.preparing for immediate transport.
A 22-year-old male was kicked in the abdomen several times. You find him lying on his left side with his knees drawn up. He is conscious and alert and complains of increased pain and nausea when he tries to straighten his legs. His blood pressure is 142/82 mm Hg, his pulse rate is 110 beats/min and strong, and his respirations are 22 breaths/min and regular. In addition to administering high-flow oxygen, you should: a.place him supine but allow him to keep his knees bent. b.transport him in the position in which you found him. c.keep him on his side but gently straighten his legs. d.apply full spinal motion restriction precautions.
b.transport him in the position in which you found him.
In older patients, the first indicator of nontraumatic internal bleeding might be: a.a low blood pressure. b.weakness or dizziness. c.diaphoresis and pale skin. d.a heart rate over 120 beats/min.
b.weakness or dizziness.
During your assessment of a patient who experienced a blast injury, you note that he has a depressed area to the front of his skull. This injury MOST likely occurred: a. as a direct result of the pressure wave. b.when the patient was hurled against a stationary object. c.as a result of flying debris. d.by inhaling toxic gases.
b.when the patient was hurled against a stationary object.
A dysbarism injury refers to the signs and symptoms related to changes in: decompression. barometric pressure. rapid descent. rapid ascent.
barometric pressure.
unresponsive, pulseless, apneic
begin CPR and AED!
By the 20th week of pregnancy, the uterus is typically at or above the level of the mother's: superior diaphragm. xiphoid process. pubic bone. belly button.
belly button
When worn properly, a seat belt should lie:
below the anterior superior iliac spines of the pelvis and against the hip joints.
A football player was struck by another player in the right flank area just below the posterior rib cage. He complains of severe pain and point tenderness to the area. Your assessment reveals that there is a small amount of blood in his underwear. You should be most suspicious for: blunt injury to the kidney. a lacerated liver or spleen. external genitalia injury. a ruptured urinary bladder.
blunt injury to the kidney.
The central nervous system (CNS) is composed of the:
brain and spinal cord
Patients with rib fractures will commonly:
breathe rapidly and shallowly.
A small compact car was involved in a rollover crash. As you are approaching the vehicle, you note that the roof is significantly collapsed. The patient, a 29-year-old male, is complaining of severe pain in his neck and to the top of his head as well as numbness and tingling in his extremities. Witnesses who removed the patient from the vehicle state that he was wearing his seatbelt. What injury mechanism is MOST likely responsible for this patient's condition? a. Lateral bending of the neck during the crash b. Impact of the head against the steering wheel c. Compression of the head against the roof d. Whiplash injury to the neck during the rollover
c. Compression of the head against the roof
A 33-year-old male sustained an abdominal evisceration to the left lower quadrant of his abdomen after he was cut with a large knife. After appropriately managing his ABCs and assessing him for other life-threatening injuries, how should you care for his wound? a.Carefully replace the exposed bowel into the abdomen and transport. b.Irrigate it with sterile water and cover it with a dry dressing. c. Cover it with moist, sterile gauze and secure with an occlusive dressing. d.Cover the exposed bowel and keep his legs in a straight position.
c. Cover it with moist, sterile gauze and secure with an occlusive dressing.
A man has a large laceration across his lower abdominal wall and a loop of bowel is protruding from the wound. He is conscious and alert and there is minimal bleeding from the wound. You should: a. gently irrigate the exposed bowel with sterile saline and then cover the wound with a dry sterile dressing. b. make one attempt to replace the bowel back into the abdomen and then cover the wound with a sterile dressing. c. cover the exposed bowel with a moist sterile dressing and then secure it in place with a dry bandage. d. cover the bowel with a dry sterile dressing, elevate his lower extremities, and cover him with a blanket.
c. cover the exposed bowel with a moist sterile dressing and then secure it in place with a dry bandage.
During your secondary assessment of a 19-year-old female with multiple traumas, you note bilateral humeral deformities and a deformity to the left midshaft femur. Her skin is diaphoretic, and her pulse is rapid and weak. Your partner has appropriately managed her airway and is maintaining manual stabilization of her head. The most appropriate treatment for this patient includes: a. carefully splinting each of her deformed extremities. b. splinting her femur fracture with padded board splints. c. immobilizing her to a backboard and rapidly transporting. d. applying a traction splint to immobilize her femur.
c. immobilizing her to a backboard and rapidly transporting.
A 15-year-old female was struck by a small car while riding her bicycle. She was wearing a helmet and was thrown to the ground, striking her head. In addition to managing problems associated with airway, breathing, and circulation, it is MOST important for you to: a.leave her bicycle helmet on. b.inspect the helmet for cracks. c. stabilize her entire spine. d. obtain baseline vital signs.
c. stabilize her entire spine
Which of the following findings would be LEAST suggestive of the presence of high-energy trauma? a. Steering wheel collapse b.Dismounted seats c.Deployment of the airbag d.Intrusion into the vehicle
c.Deployment of the airbag
Which of the following statements regarding anterior nosebleeds is correct? a.They are usually severe and require aggressive treatment to control. b.They are usually caused by a fracture of the basilar skull. c.They usually originate from the septum area and bleed slowly. d.They cause blood to drain into the posterior pharynx.
c.They usually originate from the septum area and bleed slowly.
An indicator of an expanding intracranial hematoma or rapidly progressing brain swelling is: a.acute unilateral paralysis following the injury. b.a progressively lowering blood pressure. c.rapid deterioration of neurologic signs. d.an acute increase in the patient's pulse rate.
c.rapid deterioration of neurologic signs.
When a motor vehicle strikes a tree while traveling at 40 mph, the unrestrained occupant: a.will most likely be thrown over the steering column. b.will decelerate at the same rate as the motor vehicle. c.remains in motion until acted upon by an external force. d.is thrust under the steering column onto the floorboard.
c.remains in motion until acted upon by an external force.
All of the following should be addressed during the primary assessment except: a.severe hemorrhage. b.slow, shallow breathing. c.airway obstruction. d.capillary bleeding.
capillary bleeding.
A 50-year-old male was splashed in the eyes with radiator fluid when he was working on his car. During your assessment, he tells you that he wears soft contact lenses. You should:
carefully remove the contact lenses and then irrigate his eyes with saline.
The phenomenon of pressure waves emanating from the bullet, causing damage remote from its path, is known as:
cavitation
Coordination of balance and body movement is controlled by the:
cerebellum.
The five sections of the spinal column, in descending order, are the:
cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal.
Perfusion is most accurately defined as the:
circulation of blood within an organ in adequate amounts to meet the body's metabolic needs.
A 39-year-old female experienced a severe closed head injury. She is unresponsive with her eyes slightly open; her pupils are bilaterally dilated and slow to react. In addition to managing problems with airway, breathing, and circulation, you should: secure her eyes open so you can reassess her pupils. irrigate her eyes with water to prevent mucosal drying. inspect her eyes and gently remove impaled objects. close her eyes and cover them with a moist dressing.
close her eyes and cover them with a moist dressing.
A 30-year-old male experienced a crushing injury when his forearm was trapped between the back of a truck and a loading dock. Upon your arrival, the man's arm has been freed. Your assessment reveals that his arm is obviously deformed and swollen and is cold and pale. Further assessment reveals an absent radial pulse. You should be most concerned that this patient has:
compartment syndrome
A 30-year-old female presents with redness, inflammation, and pain to her left eye. During your assessment, you note that she is having difficulty keeping her eyes open. You should suspect that she is experiencing:
conjunctivitis
The onset of labor begins with:
contractions of the uterus
A construction worker fell approximately 30 feet and landed in a pile of steel rods. Your assessment reveals that he is pulseless and apneic and has a 10-foot steel rod impaled in his left leg. You should:
control the bleeding, begin CPR, stabilize the steel rod, immobilize his spine, and transport immediately. XABC CPR Spine
A closed soft-tissue injury characterized by swelling and ecchymosis is called a(n):
contusion
A 2-year-old female has experienced a seizure. When you arrive at the scene, the child is conscious, crying, and clinging to her mother. Her skin is hot and moist. The mother tells you that the seizure lasted approximately 5 minutes. She further tells you that her daughter has no history of seizures but has had a recent ear infection. You should: suspect that the child has meningitis and transport at once. cool the child with tepid water and transport to the hospital. allow the mother to drive her daughter to the hospital. place the child in cold water to attempt to reduce her fever.
cool the child with tepid water and transport to the hospital
A 2-year-old female has experienced a seizure. When you arrive at the scene, the child is conscious, crying, and clinging to her mother. Her skin is hot and moist. The mother tells you that the seizure lasted approximately 5 minutes. She further tells you that her daughter has no history of seizures but has had a recent ear infection. You should: suspect that the child has meningitis and transport at once. cool the child with tepid water and transport to the hospital. allow the mother to drive her daughter to the hospital. place the child in cold water to attempt to reduce her fever.
cool the child with tepid water and transport to the hospital.
Hemoptysis is defined as:
coughing up blood
A 49-year-old man has been removed from his overturned tanker, which was carrying a hazardous material. The tank ruptured, and he was exposed to the material. When rescue personnel bring him to the decontamination area, they note that he is unconscious and has slow, shallow breathing. They should
cut away all of the patient's clothing and do a rapid rinse to remove as much of the contaminating matter as they can.
A 40-year-old unrestrained female impacted the steering wheel of her vehicle with her chest when she hit a tree while traveling at 45 mph. She is conscious and alert, but is experiencing significant chest pain and shortness of breath. Which of the following injuries is the LEAST likely? a.Pulmonary contusion b.Cardiac contusion c.Multiple rib fractures d. Head injury
d. Head injury
You are assessing a 59-year-old male and note that his pupils are unequal. He is conscious and alert. When obtaining his medical history, it is most pertinent to ask him if he: a.regularly sees a family physician. a. is allergic to any medications. c.noticed the change during a meal. d. has a history of eye surgeries.
d. has a history of eye surgeries.
During your primary assessment of a semiconscious 30-year-old female with closed head trauma, you note that she has slow, irregular breathing and a slow, bounding pulse. As your partner maintains manual in-line stabilization of her head, you should: a.perform a focused secondary assessment of the patient's head and neck. b.apply 100% oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask and obtain baseline vital signs. c.immediately place her on a long backboard and prepare for rapid transport. d. instruct him to assist her ventilations while you perform a rapid assessment.
d. instruct him to assist her ventilations while you perform a rapid assessment.
A patient is bleeding severely from a severed femoral artery high in the groin region. Which of the following would most likely control the bleeding? a.Apply chemical ice packs to the wound and transport. b.Position the patient with his injured side down. c.Apply a pelvic binder device to stabilize the pelvis. d.Apply a topical hemostatic agent with direct pressure.
d.Apply a topical hemostatic agent with direct pressure.
A 12-year-old male jumped approximately 12 feet from a tree and landed on his feet. He complains of pain to his lower back. What injury mechanism is MOST likely responsible for his back pain? a. Lateral impact to the spine b.Direct trauma to the spinal column c.Secondary fall after the initial impact d.Energy transmission to the spine
d.Energy transmission to the spine
A young female was involved in a motor vehicle crash. She complains of pain to her left eye, which appears to have a piece of glass impaled in it. Further assessment reveals a large laceration to her left forearm with active venous bleeding. As your partner manually stabilizes the patient's head, you should: a.stabilize the impaled glass in her eye. b.administer 100% supplemental oxygen. c.carefully remove the glass from her eye. d.apply direct pressure to her arm wound.
d.apply direct pressure to her arm wound.
The severity of bleeding should be based on all of the following findings, except: a.the mechanism of injury. b.clinical signs and symptoms. c.poor general appearance. d.systolic blood pressure.
d.systolic blood pressure.
Drowning is most accurately defined as:
death from suffocation after submersion in water.
Common signs and symptoms of a serious head injury include all of the following;
decerebrate posturing. cerebrospinal fluid leakage from the ears. widening pulse pressure.
Airbags are designed to:
decrease the severity of deceleration injuries.
A partial-thickness burn involves the outer layer of skin and a portion of the: fatty layer. dermal layer. epidermis. muscle fascia.
dermal layer
Placenta previa is defined as:
development of the placenta over the cervical opening
Difficulty breathing and a sunken appearance of the anterior abdominal wall is most indicative of a ruptured: diaphragm. stomach. spleen. Aorta.
diaphragm.
Bleeding from soft-tissue injuries to the face is most effectively controlled with:
direct pressure using dry, sterile dressings.
A 19-year-old female has just been extricated from her severely damaged car. She is on a long backboard and has been moved to a place of safety. As your partner maintains manual stabilization of her head, you perform a rapid assessment. The patient is unresponsive, has slow and shallow respirations, and has bilateral closed femur deformities. You should obtain baseline vital signs and transport at once. apply oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask. direct your partner to begin ventilatory assistance. stabilize her legs with long board splints
direct your partner to begin ventilatory assistance.
A 13-year-old child is on a home ventilator. The parents called because the mechanical ventilator is malfunctioning, and the child has increasing respiratory distress. You should: place a call to the home health agency treating this patient. reset the ventilator by unplugging it for 30 to 60 seconds. attempt to troubleshoot the mechanical ventilator problem. disconnect the ventilator and apply a tracheostomy collar.
disconnect the ventilator and apply a tracheostomy collar.
A Colles fracture involves a fracture of the: proximal radius. distal radius. distal ulna. radius and ulna.
distal radius.
Accumulation of blood in the abdominal cavity will most likely cause: diffuse bruising. referred pain. distention. nausea or vomiting.
distention
A 6-year-old male presents with acute respiratory distress. His mother states that she saw him put a small toy into his mouth shortly before the episode began. The child is conscious, obviously frightened, and is coughing forcefully. You should
encourage him to cough, give oxygen as tolerated, and transport.
A 6-year-old male presents with acute respiratory distress. His mother states that she saw him put a small toy into his mouth shortly before the episode began. The child is conscious, obviously frightened, and is coughing forcefully. You should carefully look into his mouth and remove the object if you see it. encourage him to cough, give oxygen as tolerated, and transport. deliver a series of five back blows and then reassess his condition. place the child in a supine position and perform abdominal thrusts.
encourage him to cough, give oxygen as tolerated, and transport.
The rescue team is in the process of extricating a 40-year-old male from his truck. The patient's wife, who was uninjured in the crash, is calmly observing the extrication and asks you if her husband will be all right. You should
ensure that she is in a safe area, away from the scene.
A(n) __________ fracture occurs in the growth section of a child's bone and might lead to bone growth abnormalities. epiphyseal greenstick diaphyseal Metaphyseal
epiphyseal
It would be most appropriate to perform a focused secondary assessment on a patient who: was restrained during a high-speed motor vehicle crash. struck his or her head and is experiencing nausea or vomiting. fainted and fell to the ground from a standing position. has blood draining from the ears following a head injury.
fainted and fell to the ground from a standing position.
An infant or child with respiratory distress will attempt to keep his or her alveoli expanded at the end of inhalation by: grunting. assuming a tripod position. retracting the intercostal muscles. Wheezing.
grunting
Covering a patient's _________ will significantly minimize radiation heat loss. abdomen head extremities chest
head
All of the following are normal findings in an infant or child, except belly breathing. quiet breathing. head bobbing. fear or anxiety
head bobbing
Signs and symptoms of preeclampsia include:
headache and edema.
In the setting of a head injury, hypertension, bradycardia, and Biot respirations indicate:
herniation of the brain stem.
ou are transporting a 42-year-old male who experienced blunt abdominal trauma. He is receiving oxygen at 12 L/min via a nonrebreathing mask, and full spinal precautions have been applied. During your reassessment, you note his level of consciousness has decreased and his respirations have become shallow. You should: perform a comprehensive secondary assessment to determine why his clinical status has changed. insert an airway adjunct if he will tolerate it and begin assisting his ventilations with a bag valve mask. reassess his vital signs and then notify the receiving hospital of the change in his clinical status. suction his oropharynx to ensure it is clear of secretions and then increase the oxygen flow rate to 15 L/min.
insert an airway adjunct if he will tolerate it and begin assisting his ventilations with a bag valve mask.
Bleeding within the brain tissue itself is called a(n):
intracerebral hematoma.
Following a blunt injury to the head, a 22-year-old female is confused and complains of a severe headache and nausea. On the basis of these signs and symptoms, you should be MOST concerned with the possibility of:
intracranial bleeding.
A 22-year-old male was walking on the beach and had sand blown into his eyes. He complains of pain and decreased vision to his right eye. Treatment should include:
irrigating his right eye laterally.
Bleeding from the nose following head trauma
is a sign of a skull fracture and should not be stopped.
A simple pneumothorax:
is commonly caused by blunt chest trauma.
A driver involved in a rollover motor vehicle crash will MOST likely experience serious injuries or death if he or she
is ejected or partially ejected.
An abdominal aortic aneurysm
is often the result of hypertension and atherosclerosis.
You arrive at the scene of a major motor vehicle crash. The patient, a 50-year-old female, was removed from her vehicle prior to your arrival. Bystanders who removed her state that she was not wearing a seatbelt. The patient is unresponsive, tachycardic, and diaphoretic. Your assessment reveals bilaterally clear and equal breath sounds, a midline trachea, and collapsed jugular veins. You should be most suspicious that this patient has experienced a: laceration of the aorta. massive hemothorax. pericardial tamponade. tension pneumothorax.
laceration of the aorta.
A hematoma develops when:
large blood vessels beneath the skin are damaged.
Approximately 25% of severe injuries to the aorta occur during
lateral collisions.
Bones are connected to other bones by bands of tough fibrous tissues called: cartilage. ligaments. tendons. bursa.
ligaments.
A 50-year-old female is entrapped in her passenger car after it struck a tree. As the rescue team is preparing to extricate her, you quickly assess her and determine that she is breathing shallowly and her radial pulse is absent. You should secure her with a short backboard or vest device. begin CPR as the rescue team begins extrication. maintain spinal stabilization as she is extricated. stabilize her condition before extrication begins
maintain spinal stabilization as she is extricated.
When a patient experiences a severe spinal injury, he or she:
might lose sensation below the level of the injury.
After determining that an infant or child has strong central pulses, you should: assume the child is hypertensive. not rule out compensated shock. conclude that the child is stable. assess his or her respiratory effort.
not rule out compensated shock.
As you approach a young male who was involved in an industrial accident, you note that his eyes are closed and that he is not moving. You can see several large contusions to his arms, a laceration to his forehead with minimal bleeding, and a closed deformity to his right leg. You should:
open his airway and assess his breathing status.
Skeletal muscle is attached to the bone by tough, ropelike fibrous structures called:
tendons.
A 44-year-old male sustained a laceration to his left ear during a minor car accident. Your assessment reveals minimal bleeding. Appropriate care for this injury includes:
padding between the ear and the scalp.
Early signs and symptoms of intra-abdominal bleeding include:
pain and distention.
Signs and symptoms of an air embolism include all of the following, except: dizziness. dysphasia. pale skin. joint pain.
pale skin.
A fracture caused by minimal force that is associated with diseases such as cancer and osteoporosis is called a __________ fracture. comminuted greenstick transverse pathologic
pathologic
An older woman with osteoporosis presents with pain and deformity to her left hip after she shifted her weight onto her other foot. She has most likely experienced a(n) compression fracture. pathologic fracture. idiopathic fracture. comminuted fracture.
pathologic fracture
Which of the following musculoskeletal injuries has be greatest risk for shock due to blood loss pelvic fracture posterior hip dislocation unilateral femur fracture proximal humerus fracture
pelvic fracture
After using the pediatric assessment triangle (PAT) to form your general impression of a sick or injured child, you should: assess the child's heart rate and skin condition. evaluate the child's baseline vital signs. perform a hands-on assessment of the ABCs. obtain a SAMPLE history from the parents.
perform a hands-on assessment of the ABCs
After using the pediatric assessment triangle (PAT) to form your general impression of a sick or injured child, you should:
perform a hands-on assessment of the ABCs.
A 26-year-old female who is 34 weeks pregnant is experiencing a seizure. Her husband tells you that her blood pressure has been high and that she had been complaining of a headache for the past few days. You should: insert an oral airway and ventilate her with a bag-valve mask. elevate her legs to improve brain perfusion and keep her warm. administer oral glucose for presumed hypoglycemia and transport. place her on her side, administer high-flow oxygen, and transport.
place her on her side, administer high-flow oxygen, and transport.
A 77-year-old woman slipped and fell on a throw rug and landed on her left hip. She denies striking her head or losing consciousness. Assessment of her left leg reveals that it is shortened and externally rotated. Distal pulses, sensory, and motor functions are intact. You should: a. bind both of her legs together with triangular bandages and carefully secure her onto the ambulance stretcher. b. carefully slide a long backboard underneath her, keep her in a supine position, and apply a splint to her leg. c. manually stabilize her left leg, apply a traction splint, and then secure her to a long backboard or scoop. d. place her onto a scoop stretcher, pad around her left hip with pillows, and secure her to the scoop with straps.
place her onto a scoop stretcher, pad around her left hip with pillows, and secure her to the scoop with straps.
Common interventions used to stimulate spontaneous respirations in the newborn include all of the following, except: thorough drying with a towel. suctioning of the upper airway. positive-pressure ventilations. some form of tactile stimulation.
positive-pressure ventilations.
Significant trauma to the face should increase the EMT's index of suspicion for a(n): airway obstruction. basilar skull fracture. spinal column injury. displaced mandible.
spinal column injury.
the purpose of splinting a fracture is to:
prevent motion of bony fragments.
Factors that should be considered when assessing a patient who has fallen include all of the following
primary impact point, height of the fall, type of surface struck
After delivery of a pulseless and apneic infant who has a foul odor, skin sloughing, and diffuse blistering, you should:
provide emotional support to the mother.
A 20-year-old male was pulled from cold water by his friends. The length of his submersion is not known and was not witnessed. You perform a primary assessment and determine that the patient is apneic and has a slow, weak pulse. You should: a. suction his airway for 30 seconds, provide rescue breathing, keep him warm, and transport at once. b. provide rescue breathing, remove his wet clothing, immobilize his entire spine, keep him warm, and transport carefully. c. apply high-flow oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask, immobilize his spine, keep him warm, and transport rapidly. d. ventilate with a bag-valve mask, apply a rigid cervical collar, remove his wet clothing, and transport rapidly.
provide rescue breathing, remove his wet clothing, immobilize his entire spine, keep him warm, and transport carefully.
Following blunt trauma to the chest, an 18-year-old female presents with respiratory distress, shallow breathing, and cyanosis. Her blood pressure is 80/50 mm Hg and her pulse is 130 beats/min and thready. You should: place her supine and elevate her lower extremities. apply 100% oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask. provide ventilation assistance with a bag valve mask. perform a rapid head-to-toe physical assessment.
provide ventilation assistance with a bag valve mask.
"hip" fracture is actually a fracture of the: proximal femur. pubic symphysis. pelvic girdle. femoral shaft.
proximal femur.
A 6-year-old female was riding her bicycle and struck a clothesline with her throat. She is breathing but with obvious difficulty. Your assessment reveals a crackling sensation in the soft tissues of her neck and facial cyanosis. In addition to the appropriate airway management, the intervention that will most likely improve her chance of survival is:
rapidly transporting her to the hospital.
Early bruising following abdominal trauma often manifests as: gross distention. red areas of skin. dark purple marks. localized pain.
red areas of skin.
A persistent or nonvolatile chemical agent can remain on a surface for more than 24 hours. explode without warning and release gases. evaporate quickly when left on a surface. remain in the environment for many weeks.
remain on a surface for more than 24 hours.
Blood levels of medications might rise in the elderly, sometimes to toxic levels. This is most likely due to pancreatic failure. splenic dysfunction. intentional overdose. renal insufficiency
renal insufficiency
A 56-year-old male has an incomplete avulsion to his right forearm. After controlling any bleeding from the wound, you should
replace the avulsed flap to its original position and cover it with a sterile dressing.
A patient who presents with profound cyanosis following a chest injury:
requires prompt ventilation and oxygenation.
The optic nerve endings are located within the:
retina
A patient who cannot remember the events that preceded his or her head injury is experiencing:
retrograde amnesia.
All of the following biologic agents or diseases can be transmitted from person to person, except ricin. smallpox. viral hemorrhagic fevers. pneumonic plague.
ricin.
The white portion of the eye is called the:
sclera
Because a tracheostomy tube bypasses the nose and mouth
secretions can build up in and around the tube.
A motorcyclist crashed his bike and has closed deformities to both of his mid-shaft femurs. He is conscious, but restless; his skin is cool and clammy; and his radial pulses are rapid and weak. The most appropriate splinting technique for this patient involves;
securing him to a longboard
According to the JumpSTART triage system, infants or children not developed enough to walk or follow commands, including children with special needs: should be taken to the treatment area for immediate secondary triage. are initially triaged on the basis of whether they have distal pulses. are the first to be transported, regardless of the severity of their injuries. are treated immediately in the primary triage area and then transported.
should be taken to the treatment area for immediate secondary triage.
Early signs and symptoms of smallpox include all of the following, except headaches. high fever. body aches. skin blisters.
skin blisters.
To effectively immobilize a fractured clavicle, you should apply a(n)
sling and swathe
nervous system controls the body's voluntary activities?
somatic
Common associated conditions in patients with spina bifida include all of the following, except extreme latex allergy. hydrocephalus. loss of bladder control. spastic limb movement.
spastic limb movement.
The spinal cord is encased in and protected by the:
spinal canal
A 22-year-old female was ejected from her car after striking a tree head-on. As you approach her, you note obvious closed deformities to both of her femurs. She is not moving and does not appear to be conscious. You should: stabilize her head and perform a primary assessment. administer oxygen and perform a rapid assessment. apply manual stabilization to both of her femurs. assess for a carotid pulse and assist her ventilations.
stabilize her head and perform a primary assessment.
Burns associated with lightning strikes are typically: superficial. full-thickness. third-degree. Partial-thickness.
superficial
A burn that is characterized by redness and pain is classified as a:
superficial burn.
A 31-year-old male was bitten on the leg by an unidentified snake. The patient is conscious and alert and in no apparent distress. Your assessment of his leg reveals two small puncture marks with minimal pain and swelling. In addition to administering oxygen and providing reassurance, further care for this patient should include: applying ice to the wound and transporting quickly. supine positioning, splinting the leg, and transporting. transporting only with close, continuous monitoring. elevating the lower extremities and giving antivenin
supine positioning, splinting the leg, and transporting.
As you and your team are removing an unresponsive patient from her wrecked car, you note that she has deformities to both of her legs and a deformity to her left humerus. You should: assess distal neurovascular functions in her extremities. realign the deformed extremities before continuing. support the injured extremities and continue removal. splint the deformities before moving her any further.
support the injured extremities and continue removal.
If one or more occupants in the same vehicle are killed in a crash, the EMT should:
suspect that all living occupants experienced the same serious trauma.
Airway management can be challenging in patients with Down syndrome because their
teeth are misaligned, and they have a large tongue.
The third stage of labor begins when the:
the baby is expelled from the vagina
An air embolism associated with diving occurs when: the diver holds his or her breath during a rapid ascent. the diver hyperventilates prior to entering the water. high water pressure forces air into the mediastinum. the alveoli completely collapse due to high pressure.
the diver holds his or her breath during a rapid ascent.
The ideal procedure for moving an injured patient from the ground to a backboard is:
the four-person log roll.
In general, musculoskeletal injuries should be splinted before moving the patient unless: deformity and swelling are present. transport time is less than 15 minutes. the patient is in severe pain. the patient is clinically unstable.
the patient is clinically unstable.
Abruptio placenta occurs when:
the placenta prematurely separates from the uterine wall.
Supine hypotensive syndrome occurs when:
the pregnant uterus compresses the inferior vena cava
A patient in respiratory arrest at the scene of a multiple-casualty incident would typically be classified as a fourth priority (black tag; expectant) patient, unless: there are enough resources to provide care for him or her. he or she has signs of an injury to the cervical spine. he or she has external signs of severe thoracic trauma. there are at least three other patients in respiratory arrest
there are enough resources to provide care for him or her.
Passengers who are seated in the rear of a vehicle and are wearing only lap belts have a higher incidence of injuries to the _____________ spine during a rear-end crash.
thoracic and lumbar
You are transporting an immobilized patient with severe facial trauma. As you are preparing to give your radio report to the hospital, the patient begins vomiting large amounts of blood. You should:
turn the backboard onto its side.
A type _____ ambulance features a conventional, truck cab-chassis with a modular ambulance body that can be transferred to a newer chassis as needed.
type 1
Common causes of syncope in older patients include all of the following, except vasoconstriction. acute hypotension. blood volume loss. venous pooling.
vasoconstriction.
External bleeding from a vein is relatively easy to control because
veins are under a lower pressure.
Capillaries link the arterioles and the
venules.
The sebaceous glands produce sebum, a material that:
waterproofs the skin and keeps it supple.
An infant is premature if it:
weighs less than 5 pounds or is born before 36 weeks' gestation.