FINAL EXAM TERMS

invention of electronic media

1400's printing press 1500's crude camera 1690 US newspaper 1830 Morse Code 1860 Telegraph-coast -to-coast 1866 Trans-Atlantic-telegraphic cable 1876 Telephone 1877 Phonograph 1895 Radio 1920s Sound Movies 1929 Television

public speaking approach

1927-1960 purpose to discover the best solution, provide information, discussion of issues, and allows for individual work. ex. public forms, debates, discussion groups, symposiums evaluation: Allow for individual work, Individual grades, Presentation skills are important

interpersonal approach

1960-1975 having an agenda, following a series of steps, a best method, best way to discover the solution examples: parliamentary procedure, decision making groups, problem solving groups Evaluation: correctness of the decision, requires active participation of all members

process approach

1975-1985 use of interpersonal skills. used to handle conflict, norms, leadership, roles examples: work groups, committees, teams evaluation: how does the group function, observation, journals, requires skills in interpersonal communication

integrated approach

1985-present hybrid of public speaking, decision making, and interpersonal communication: all skills are equally important examples: all groups evaluation: difficulties develop: more skills are required, evaluation criteria not made clear

asking and answering questions

A different format than regular conversation There are a number of different kinds of questions There are a number of different kinds of answers There are a number of different kinds of follow-ups

doctor patient model

A personal relationship between the Consultant and Organization. Analyzes and Assesses the Threats to the Organization. Consultant is the expert. Relationship with the patient is one of education and advice. Work together to solve the problem. Work for mutual good.

types of questions for employment interview

Background, Present Conditions, Future Expectations, Hypothetical Cases

small group communication

Communication among a small group of people. share a common purpose, feel a sense of belonging, exert influence on one another group: 3-12 people

colonial period in america

Communication:Townmeeting, Preaching, Debate Societies Importance: Written arguments, Elocution

process model

Consultant plays a facilitator role. Organization provides the information necessary. Consultant defines the problem. Consultant creates the process to bring about the solution. Communication is more the focus. Consultant goes and talks to people with information. Consultant formulate work groups. Work groups discover solutions to the problems. Solution is implemented by the work group. Consultant leaves the organization. Process continues to work on the problem.

growth of consulting

Early 1980s estimated 18,000 consultants. Since robust growth... In 2000 worldwide 140,000 consultants with 70,000 in U.S. $70 Billion industry.

plato

Great Philosopher, Concerned with Truth and ethics Taught by dialogue. Give and take of ideas = discovering the Truth

consulting's early history

Individuals were apprenticed to tradesmen to learn the trade themselves Manufactures trained people in new methods Goal was to sell their product Services to identify problems developed. Aid organizations to be more effective

size of group is important

Interaction is the key The larger the group the less influence each individual has on the group. With 20 or more, public speaking model and not interaction.

medieval rhetoric

Lack of advancement for rhetoric Christian Church the only organizational structure. Monks copied Greek and Roman works.

quintilian

Less Democracy in Rome. Placed Rhetoric in an education text. Father of Education "Good man speaking well"

symbolic interaction

Meaning - act based upon meanings Language - Naming demonstrates basis of human society and extent of knowledge Thought - mental conversation: Role taking, Different points of view

st augustine

Moral = Good, Immoral = Bad, Amoral =How used... Rhetoric and be a tool for Good or Bad is the knife moral, immoral, or a tool?

interchange of behavior

One is responsible for his/her own behavior One's behavior will effect others act--interact--double interact Non-verbals of both the interviewee and interviewer are vital to interaction progressing

purchase model of consulting

Organization requests a specific service Service meets a need that is: Timely, Short Term Short term need: once learned the need is gone. Hands-Off" approach Consultant brings his/her own views or opinions into the situation.

lincoln and douglas debates

Political Debates: Entertainment, Informational, Persuasive Major Issues were: Slavery, Division of the Union

17th century

Rebirth of ideas, science, and rhetoric Rediscover the classics Begin to question again

aristotle

Speaking is a tool of the common man. Speakers Develop: Ethos = character Pathos = emotions Logos = logic

cicero

Statesman and teacher. Eloquent delivery. Speaker's general knowledge. Concern for the state

unexpected questions for interviews

Take time to think: Organize answer, Be as specific as possible You will be less nervous because you practice all the other questions.

what is really being asked in an employment interview?

The interviewer has a motive for asking the question and sometimes it is not the motive that the question asks. it is good to consider what the interviewer wants to hear and then how to best answer

future answers for interviews

They are looking for vision. --Visualization --Supporting Material: illustrations and examples

hypothetical answer for interview

They do not want the answer to the question because there is no right answer. They are looking for your reasoning process. They are looking for steps

background for employment interview

They have your resume, vita, cover letters, recommendations... What do they really want? --Organization: 3 Point Organizational Pattern, & Preview and Summary --Highlighting: supporting material and examples

how we get information about a world event

Time of transport of the message, Credibility of the sources, The details within the message

rhetorica ad herennium

Training manual for educated Romans 5 cannons :Creative Decisions, Arrangement, Style, Memory, Delivery

the answer for employment interview questions

Use the information that you gained in Public Speaking to answer any type of question. --Preview --Organize Points --Summarize the Answer objective: to show knowledge, organizational skills, and personality

present answers for interviews

Usually the questions are fishing for specific information. --Clear answers --Keep them short --Do not mislead them

organization

a complex open system influenced by others and influences others

predetermined and serious purpose (interviewing)

a plan of action who do you need to talk with?, why do you need to talk to them?, what will you ask? Reason for doing the interview and tone of the interview

Interviewing

a process of dyadic, relational communication with a predetermined and serious purpose. Designed to interchange behavior and involving the asking and answering of questions

paradigm

a way to view the world We can not work harder, We can not think more positively, These do not solve the problem, The problem can only be solved when we change the paradigm

interdependence

all the parts of a system affect and are affected by eachother a change in any one part of a system will affect all other parts of the system communication networks within an organization overlap.

social learning theory

attention, retention, reproduction, motivation

involves people

attitudes, feelings, relationships, skills

early greek needs or speaking

barbarians took land away from people, years later the barbarians left greece People needed their land back, Land kept people alive. No written records in courthouse. Individuals had to go to court to argue for the land to be given back to their families.

scarcity mentality

compare yourself to others see life as a pie with only a certain number of pieces

message

creating, exchanging, language mode- verbal and nonverbal

influence

defines leadership; each group member has an opportunity to influence

Characteristics of process

dynamic, continuous, complex, irreversible, nonsequential, unrepeatable

radio

educates people about current events Franklin D. Roosevelt Fire Side Chat On the Bank Crisis. March 12, 1933 Orson Wells "War of the Worlds" October 30, 1938 Franklin D. Roosevelt Address "Pearl Harbor Speech" December 8, 1941 Emperor of Japan Surrender, August 15, 1945 (first time his people had heard him speak on the radio).

collection of individuals

ex. people waiting for a bus concern for themselves, individual goal realize-leave group

protagoras

father of debate; clash over issues, two sides to every arguement

organization involves messages

flow, purpose, direction, media

network

formal: organizational handbook informal: water cooler conversation

agenda setting

gatekeeping, media agenda, public agenda, policy agenda

lographiers

ghost writers not teaching but doing work for the individual

Homer

greece, no written language information and values were presented by travelling story tellers "talking might be a way to prevent fighting"

Relational

intrapersonal, interpersonal, developing relationships, maintaining relationships, managing conflict, small group interaction.

organizational communication

is the process of creating and exchanging messages within a network of interdependent relationships to cope with environmental uncertainty.

advantages of working in groups and teams

more information, creativity, remember more, satisfaction with decision you make, understanding of self

Homer's iliad

myths tell of battles one by great warriors method of winning esteem communication was victorious over the sword

disadvantages of working in groups

need to conform, one member may dominate the group, rely on others to get job done, takes longer than working alone

message: method of diffusion

oral, written, technological

isocrates

philosophy for the practical statesman; speech is man's. rhetoric is an art not a science. speech suited to occasion.

practice tips for interviews

practice the answers -100 most common questions, consider your background, look for a job match.

communication made people think about the world

questioned the gods control laid the foundation for people to control their own lives

belonging

sense of identity

common purpose in a group

shared a purpose, collective goal, concern for others in the group

age of observation

speaking is a way for a individual to have power and control

coax and tisias

started training people how to speak speaking was necessary in the courtroom

uncertainty

the difference between information available and information needed desire to reduce the uncertainty

alignment

three domains of action control/law- a prisoner freedom- no control civilization- value principles

Dyadic

two roles ex. interviewee and interviewer

group success

when each person accepts some responsibility for influencing and leading others

sophists

wisdom bearer Being a good speaker = power! People were willing to pay to learn the skill. Teachers were admired.