Final Exam
An acid with a pH of 6 has ________ hydrogen ions than pure water.
10-fold more
An atom with 3 electrons in its outermost (valence) shell may have a total of ________ electrons altogether.
13
An atom with an atomic number of 10 and a mass number of 24 would have
14 neurons
Place the following in correct sequence from simplest to most complex. 1. Molecules 2. atoms 3. tissues 4. cells 5. organs
2,1,4,3,5
The numbers listed represent the number of electrons in the first, second, and third energy levels, respectively. On this basis, which of the following is an unstable or reactive atom? A) 2, 8, 8 B) 2, 8 C) 2 D) 2, 8, 1
2,8,1
Match the following Anaphase, Telophase, Early Prophase, Late Prophase, Metaphase. chromosal centromeres split and chromosomes migrate to opposite ends of the cell.
Anaphase
If the atomic mass of an element is 14 and the atomic number is 6, which of the following would describe this element?
Atom
Match the following. Atomic Symbol, Atomic number, Mass number of an element. Number of protons in an atom
Atomic number
Match the following. Endothelium membrane, Mucous, Cutaneous, Serous membrane consists of keratanized stratified epithelium
Cutaneous
dense irregularly arranged, fibrous connective tissue
D
Where capillary loops are found
E
Match the following regional terms. Thoracic, Gluteal, Patellar, Cephalic, Brachial. Buttock
Gluteal
Match the following Ribosomes, cytoskeleton, nucleus, Golgi apparatus, Peroxisomes. This organelle modifies, concentrates, and packages the proteins and lipids made at the RER for domestic use or export
Golgi Apparatus
Packages proteins for insertion in the cell membrane or for exocytosis
Golgi appartus
what type of chemical bond can form between an atom with 11 protons and an atom with 17 protons?
Ionic
Match the following chemical bonds to the correct description. A bond in which electrons are completely lost or gained by the atoms involved.
Ionic bond
which of the following imaging devices would best localize a tumor in a persons brain?
MRI
Site of synthesis of lipid and steroid molecules
Smooth ER
Match the following. Smooth muscle, Stratified Squamous, Cell adhesion molecule, Skeletal muscle. Found in areas subject to wear and tear.
Stratified Squamous
Select the most correct statement.
The immune system is closely associated with the lymphatic system
Which of the following is false regarding the membrane potential?
The resting membrane potential is maintained solely by passive transport processes.
Abdominal
abdomen
Pulls the hair follicle into an upright position
arrector pili
Composed of cells in a fluid matrix
blood cells
supports and protects; stores calcium
bone tissue
Match the following systems and organs. Arteries vein heart
cardiovascular
Thoracic
chest
Monosaccharides
glucose, fructose, galactose
When DNA is replicated, it is necessary for the two strands to "unzip" temporarily. Choose which bonding type is most appropriate for holding the strands together in this way.
hydrogen bonding
Site of enzymatic breakdown of phagocytized material
lysosme
With a family history of cardiovascular disease, which toast spread would be considered the most "heart healthy?"
olive oil
Lithium has an atomic number of 3. How many electrons are there in the outermost (valence) shell?
one
Used for childbirth. Positive or Negative
positive feedback
You are asked to take a person's heart rate at the popliteal pulse point. You will look for this pulse ________.
posterior side of the knee
Match the following. Endothelium membrane, Mucous, Cutaneous, Serous membrane the epithelial membrane that lines the closed ventral cavities of the body
serous membrane
Cranial
skull
Vertebral
spinal column
The study of anatomy an physiology assumes and describes a healthy body. Select the description below that does NOT explain why this approach is useful?
study of a healthy body is less intimidating and more familiar to new students
sudiferous glands
sweat glands
A red blood cell placed in pure water would
swell and burst
The friction ridges seen in finger, palm and foot prints are different among various people but very similar between identical twins. This evidence suggests which of the following?
that friction ridges are genetically determined
Despite its apparent durability, the dermis is subject to tearing. How might a person know that the dermis has been stretched and/or torn?
the appearance of visible, silvery white scars is an indication of stretching of the dermis
which of the following is not one of the concepts collectively known as the cell theory?
the cells must motile and divide
One of the descriptions below is from the perspective of physiological study, the rest are from an anatomical perspective. Select the description below that comes from physiological perspective.
the contraction of smooth muscle in blood vessels can reduce the flow of blood through the vessel
salivary amylase is an enzyme produced by the salivary glands that breaks down carbohydrates. What will happen to this enzyme as it follows the food into the stomach where the pH drops to 2.5?
the enzyme will denature and become inactive
Which of the following statements is correct regarding net diffusion?
the greater the concentration gradient the faster the rate
one of the descriptions below is from the perspective of anatomical study, the rest are from a physiological perspective. Select the description below that comes from an anatomical perspective
the innermost lining of the lungs is composed primarily of a thin tissue called simple squamous epithelium
If a human cell were to increase the amount of cholesterol embedded within its plasma membrane which of the following would most likely happen?
the plasma membrane would become more stable, less fluid, and less permeable.
Burns are devastating and debilitating because of loss of fluids and electrolytes from the body. How do physicians estimate the extent of burn damage associated with such dangerous fluid loss?
the rule of nines
Changes in the color of skin are often an indication of a homeostatic imbalance. Which of the following would indicate a liver disease such as hepatitis resulting in elevated bilirubin?
the skin and sclera of the eyes appears to have an abnormal, yellowish tint.
information about body temperature is sent through afferent pathways to the brain
3
A change in temperature of the external environment
A
Match the regeneration capability of the following tissues. A.Virtually no functional regenerative ability B.Regenerates extremely well C.Weak regenerative ability D.Moderate regenerative ability. Cardiac Muscle
A
Select which reactions will usually be irreversible regarding chemical equilibrium in living systems. A) glucose to CO2 and H2O B) ADP + Pi to make ATP C) H2O + CO2 to make H2CO3 D) glucose molecules joined to make glycogen
A
polymer
A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together.
match the following. Messenger RNA, Sytheatase enzymes, ATP, trasfer RNA, Ribosomal RNA. provides the energy needed for synthesis reactions
ATP
generally speaking, connective tissues are largely non-living extracellular matrix. Which is an exception?
Adipose
Match the following. Atomic Symbol, Atomic number, Mass number of an element. Usually, the first one or two letters of an elements name
Atomic symbol
Match the regeneration capability of the following tissues. A.Virtually no functional regenerative ability B.Regenerates extremely well C.Weak regenerative ability D.Moderate regenerative ability. Aereolar Connetive Tissue
B
Region that thickens markedly when one gains weight
B
Responsible for shock absorption and located in the hypodermis
B
free nerve endings in the skin detect changes in the skin temperature
B
A splinter penetrated into the skin of the sole of the foot, almost to the papillary region of the dermis. Which layer of the epidermis would be the final layer injured?
Basale
Match the following regional terms. Thoracic, Gluteal, Patellar, Cephalic, Brachial. Arm
Brachial
Atom X has 17 protons. How many electrons are in its valence shell? A) 3 B) 5 C) 7 D) 10
C
If atom X has an atomic number of 74 it would have which of the following? A) 37 protons and 37 neutrons B) 37 electrons C) 74 protons D) 37 protons and 37 electrons
C
Match the regeneration capability of the following tissues. A.Virtually no functional regenerative ability B.Regenerates extremely well C.Weak regenerative ability D.Moderate regenerative ability. Skeletal Muscle
C
Which of the following would be regarded as an organic molecule?
CH4
polysaccharide
Carbohydrates that are made up of more than two monosaccharides
Match the following. Smooth muscle, Stratified Squamous, Cell adhesion molecule, Skeletal muscle. Attaches to extracellular matrix.
Cell adhesion Molecule
cancerous cells can divide so rapidly that they will often produce a glycocalyx that is different than the other cells in the body. This may result in
Cells of the immune system recognizing the tumorous cells as foreign and destroying them.
Match the following regional terms. Thoracic, Gluteal, Patellar, Cephalic, Brachial. Head
Cephalic
Match the following. Electrical energy, mechanical energy, chemical energy, radiant energy. When the bonds of ATP are broken, energy is released to do cellular work
Chemical
The salivary glands are a good example of ___ exocrine gland.
Compound tubulalveolar
Match the following Ribosomes, cytoskeleton, nucleus, Golgi apparatus, Peroxisomes. this is an elaborate network of rods and accessory proteins found in cytosol that support cellular structures and provide the machinery to generate various cell movements
Cytoskeleton
Match the regeneration capability of the following tissues. A.Virtually no functional regenerative ability B.Regenerates extremely well C.Weak regenerative ability D.Moderate regenerative ability. Smooth Muscle
D
Match the regeneration capability of the following tissues. A.Virtually no functional regenerative ability B.Regenerates extremely well C.Weak regenerative ability D.Moderate regenerative ability. Tendons and Ligaments
D
Match the following. Keratinocytes, Keratin, Dendritic Cells, Merkel cells, Melanocyte. Skin macrophages that help activate the immune system.
Dendritic cells
Match the following systems and organs. Esophagus, large intestine, rectum
Digestive
Site of the dermal ridges that produce epidermal ridges on the epidermal surfaces of the fingers
E
sweat glands are stimulated as well as blood being distributed to the skin to allow cooling of the body to return the body's temperature to a physiological level
E
Match the following Anaphase, Telophase, Early Prophase, Late Prophase, Metaphase. Centrioles move to opposite ends of the cell.
Early Prophase
Match the following. Electrical energy, mechanical energy, chemical energy, radiant energy. Represented by the flow of charged particles along a conductor, or the flow of ions across a membrane.
Electrical
Match the following systems and organs. Adrenal glands, pancreas, pituitary
Endocrine
Match the following. Endothelium membrane, Mucous, Cutaneous, Serous membrane Lines blood vessels and the heart
Endothelium membrane
lipid
Energy-rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils, and waxes, that are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
a patient is hyperventilating. The "blowing off" of excessive carbon dioxide causes decrease in blood H+ concentration. How can the carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system function to correct this imbalance?
H2CO3 dissociates to form more H+ and lower pH
The coxal joint is most likely found in ________ region of the body.
Hip
Match the following chemical bonds to the correct description. A type of bond important in tying different parts of the same molecule together into a three-dimensional structure.
Hydrogen bond
a high fever causes an enzyme to lose its 3 dimensional structure and function. Which bonds are broken when a protein denatures?
Hydrogen bonds
Match the following. Keratinocytes, Keratin, Dendritic Cells, Merkel cells, Melanocyte. the fibrous protein that helps give the epidermis its protective properties.
Keratin
Match the following. Keratinocytes, Keratin, Dendritic Cells, Merkel cells, Melanocyte. The most abundant cells of epidermis
Keratinocytes
Match the following Anaphase, Telophase, Early Prophase, Late Prophase, Metaphase. Nuclear membrane and nucleolus disintegrate
Late Prophase
Match the following. Atomic Symbol, Atomic number, Mass number of an element. Combined number of protons and neutrons in an atom.
Mass number of an element
Match the following. Electrical energy, mechanical energy, chemical energy, radiant energy. Legs moving the pedals of a bicycle
Mechanical
Match the regional /directional terms and examples: The bridge of the nose is _____ to the left eye. The stomach is _____ to the spine. The heart is _____ to the stomach. The upper arm is _____ to the forearm. The fingers are _____ to the wrist. 1. Superior 2. Anterior 3. Proximal 4. Distal 5. Medial
Medial, Anterior, Lateral, Proximal, Distal
Match the following. Keratinocytes, Keratin, Dendritic Cells, Merkel cells, Melanocyte. spider-shaped epithelial cells that synthesize the pigment melanin.
Melanocyte
Match the following. Keratinocytes, Keratin, Dendritic Cells, Merkel cells, Melanocyte. cell plus a disc-like sensory nerve ending that functions as a sensory receptor for touch
Merkel cells
match the following. Messenger RNA, Sytheatase enzymes, ATP, trasfer RNA, Ribosomal RNA. Produced in the nucleus, this molecule specifies the exact sequence of amino acid simultaneously.
Messenger RNA
Match the following Anaphase, Telophase, Early Prophase, Late Prophase, Metaphase. Chromosomes align on the spindle equator
Metphase
Which of the following structures would aid a cell in allowing more nutrients to be absorbed by the cell?
Microvilli
Match the following. Endothelium membrane, Mucous, Cutaneous, Serous membrane found lining the digestive and respiratory tracts
Mucous
Match the following. Endothelium membrane, Mucous, Cutaneous, Serous membrane the epithelial membrane that lines body cavities open to the exterior membrane
Mucous
Used for changes in blood pressure. Positive or Negative
Negative
Match the following chemical bonds to the correct description. A bond in which electrons are shared equally
Nonpolar covalent bonds
Match the following Ribosomes, cytoskeleton, nucleus, Golgi apparatus, Peroxisomes. The vast majority of the cell's genetic material is housed here
Nucleus
Match the following regional terms. Thoracic, Gluteal, Patellar, Cephalic, Brachial. Knee
Patellar
Match the following Ribosomes, cytoskeleton, nucleus, Golgi apparatus, Peroxisomes. This organelle contains oxidases and catalses
Peroxisomes
Match the following chemical bonds to the correct description. A bond in which electrons are shared unequally
Polar bond
used for blood clotting. Positive or Negative
Positive
Match the following. Secondary, Primary, Tertiary, Quaternary. The sequence of amino acids that form the polypeptide chain.
Primary
When frying an egg, the protein albumin denatures and maintains only its ________ structure.
Primary
functional proteins
Proteins that cause chemical changes in the molecules
Match the following. Secondary, Primary, Tertiary, Quaternary. Two or more polypeptide chains, each with its own tertiary structure
Quaternary
Match the following. Electrical energy, mechanical energy, chemical energy, radiant energy. Energy that travels in waves, part of the electromagnetic spectrum.
Radiant
Match the following systems and organs. Trachea, Bronchi, Alveoli
Respiratory
match the following. Messenger RNA, Sytheatase enzymes, ATP, trasfer RNA, Ribosomal RNA. May be attached to the ER or scattered in the cytoplasm
Ribosomal RNA
match the following. Messenger RNA, Sytheatase enzymes, ATP, trasfer RNA, Ribosomal RNA. forms part of the subunits for the protein synthesizing organelle.
Ribosomal RNA
Match the following Ribosomes, cytoskeleton, nucleus, Golgi apparatus, Peroxisomes. The organelle that facilitates peptic bond formation between amino acids
Ribosomes
Match the following. Secondary, Primary, Tertiary, Quaternary. Protein structure represented by alpha-helices and beta-sheets
Secondary
Match the following. Endothelium membrane, Mucous, Cutaneous, Serous membrane. Makes up the plera and pericardium
Serous membrane
Match the following. Smooth muscle, Stratified Squamous, Cell adhesion molecule, Skeletal muscle. Pull on bones or skin causing body movement.
Skeletal Muscle
Match the following. Smooth muscle, Stratified Squamous, Cell adhesion molecule, Skeletal muscle. Moves food through the GI tract.
Smooth Muscle
which tissue in the wall of the uterus is used for contractions?
Smooth muscle
Match the following. Stratum Granulosum. Stratum Basale. Stratum Spinosum. Stratum Corneum. The layer that contains the mitotic viable cells of the epidermis.
Stratum Basale
Match the following. Stratum Granulosum. Stratum Basale. Stratum Spinosum. Stratum Corneum. The layer of the epidermis where the cells are considered protective but nonviable.
Stratum Corneum
Match the following. Stratum Granulosum. Stratum Basale. Stratum Spinosum. Stratum Corneum. The layer of the epidermis that contains one to five layers of flattened cells and deteriorating organelles.
Stratum Granulosum
Match the following. Stratum Granulosum. Stratum Basale. Stratum Spinosum. Stratum Corneum. The layer of the epidermis that is several layers thick and contains pre keratin.
Stratum Spinosum
match the following. Messenger RNA, Sytheatase enzymes, ATP, trasfer RNA, Ribosomal RNA. Attaches the correct amino acid to its transfer RNA
Synthetase enzymes
Match the following Anaphase, Telophase, Early Prophase, Late Prophase, Metaphase. chromosomes unfoil to form chromatin
Telophase
Match the following. Secondary, Primary, Tertiary, Quaternary. Protein structure achieved when alpha-helical or beta-pleated regions of the polypeptide chain fold upon one another to produce a compact ball-like, or globular molecule.
Tertiary
If cells are placed in a hypertonic solution containing a solute to which the membrane is impermeable, what could happen?
The cells will lose water and shrink
teritary structure
The complex 3-dimensional structure of a single peptide chain; held in place by disulfide bonds between cysteines.
Match the following regional terms. Thoracic, Gluteal, Patellar, Cephalic, Brachial. Chest
Thoracic
match the following. Messenger RNA, Sytheatase enzymes, ATP, trasfer RNA, Ribosomal RNA. A molecule that binds to a specific codon and specific amino acid simutaneously
Transfer RNA
If a tRNA had an AGC anticodon, it could attach to an _____ mRNA codon
UCG
Match the following systems and organs. Kidneys, bladder, ureters
Urinary
Forming glycogen as energy storage in the liver is an example of ________.
anabolism
You are asked to draw blood from the median cubital vein. You will search for this vein in the ________.
anterior side of the elbow
which of the following describes the operation of the heart and blood vessels?
cardiovascular physiology
which of the following is the best explanation for why cells are considered the smallest units of living things?
cells are the simplest structure to fit all of the characteristic necessary to be considered alive.
Forms the mitotic spindle
centrioles
replicate for cell division
centrioles
Tendons are strong, rope-like structures that connect skeletal muscle to bone. Which of the following proteins would provide strength to a tendon?
collagen
ATP-->ADP+Pi is an example of a(n) _________ reaction.
decomposition
which of the following cells and their function are correctly matched?
dendritic cells-activate the immune system
forms tendons and ligaments
dense regular connective tissue
in a tissue type that undergoes a relatively great deal of mechanical stress, like the tissue that lines the intestine, you would expect to see an abundance of ______ between the individual cell of the tissue.
desmosomes.
which of the is incorrectly matched?
eicosanoid;triglyceride
A good example of a positive feedback mechanism would be
enhancement of labor contractions
which layer of tissue is damaged in first degree burn?
epidermis
Water loss through the epidermis could cause a serious threat to health and well-being. Which of the following protects us against excessive water loss through the skin?
glycolipids that are secreted by keratinocytes into extracellular spaces
anabolic reactions are chemical reactions of the body that build things, make them bigger or more complex. catabolic reactions break things down, making them smaller or less complex. If the rate of anabolic is much faster than catabolic, which of the following necessary life functions will be accomplished?
growth
anatomical position is important because
it allows a common point of reference for body position to help communicate anatomical relationships
which of the following statements is the most correct regarding homeostatic imbalance?
it is considered the cause of most diseases.
When ruptured it releases the enzymes responsible for autolysis
lysosome
Prevention of water loss is a necessary function for life that would best fit in the category of ________.
maintaining boundaries
Produces ATP aerobically
mitochondria
nucleotide
monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
Used for changes in blood glucose levels. Positive or Negative
negative feedback
which of the following is chemically inert?
neon
It is wise to study anatomy alongside with physiology because ________.
physiology is only explainable in terms of the underlying anatomy
When a baby suckles at its mother's breast the stimulus at the breast is sent to the mother's brain (a region called the hypothalamus). The brain responds by releasing hormones to stimulate the production and the ejection of milk from the breast. This helps the newborn to receive nourishment and encourages more suckling. This example is best described as a ________.
positive feedback
positive feedback differs from negative feedback because
positive feedback tends to enhance the triggering stimulus while negative feedback tends to return the body to a homeostatic balance or ideal level
Cells of the stratum spinosum have many interlocking desmosomes that will remain between the cells as they migrate to the stratum corneum. These cell junctions serve the body by ________.
preventing mechanical stress or trauma from damaging the epidermis.
Some of the nerve endings in the skin are sensitive to changes in temperature. They are part of a negative feedback mechanism regulating body temperature. These nerve endings represent a(n) ________ in the negative feedback mechanism.
receptor
which of the following examples listed below illustrates homeostasis maintained by a negative feedback?
release of sweat by eccrine glands in response to heat.
The papillary layer of the dermis is composed of loosely packed connective tissue with humerous peg-like projections that provide a great deal of surface area connecting the dermis to the epidermis. Which of the statements below do not represent benefits provided by the papillary layer's anatomy.
the looseness allows for easy separation of the dead cell layer of epidermis to be shed.
The reason the hypodermis acts as a shock absorber is that
the major part of it's makeup is adipose; which serves as an effective shock absorber
which illustrates homeostasis maintained by a negative feedback?
thickening of the epidermis to form a callus in places where the skin is exposed to friction.
Generally what is the result of the negative feedback process?
to maintain homeostasis
phospholipids make up most of the lipid part of the cell membrane. Since water exists on both the outside and the inside of a cell, which of the following phospholipid arrangements makes the most sense?
two back-to-back phospolipid layers with the polar heads facing out on both sides.