Final MGMT

Which of the following statements presents an accurate relationship between leadership and management?

A manager may or may not be a leader, and a leader may or may not be a manager.

When developing a human network for achieving an agenda, which of the following would be an element of leadership?

Aligning people

When establishing an agenda, which of the following would be an element of leadership?

Establishing a direction

Assume you are interested in acquiring more power within your organization. Which of the following statements is true for your situation?

Having professional relationships outside the company is powerful.

If you are "high LPC," you are most likely to describe your least preferred coworker using which adjectives?

Interesting, harmonious, pleasant

Which of the following statements is NOT true of the nature of leadership?

Leaders need to use force and formal authority to be successful.

Which of the following is most helpful to an organization going through hard times?

Leadership

Which of the following theories of leadership received the most support from subsequent research?

Path-goal theory

How does H&M, the clothing retailer, use a network organization to keep costs down?

. Its managers control a network of independent clothing suppliers

A scientist who worked on the Ohio State leadership studies would be most likely to agree with which of the following?

A leader can exhibit both consideration and initiating-structure behavior.

A scientist who worked on the Michigan leadership studies would be most likely to agree with which of the following?

A leader can exhibit either job-centered or employee-centered behavior, but not both.

Jian and Jared are engaged in a tech startup. Which of the following statements is true about the influences on their organizational structure?

Because they have highly skilled technical workers, they should have flat, team-based structures.

According to Vroom, which decision style involves letting the group define the problem and devise a solution?

Delegate

When developing a human network for achieving an agenda, which of the following would be an element of management?

Establishing some structure for accomplishing plan requirements

When establishing an agenda, which of the following would be an element of management?

Establishing timetables

According to Vroom, which decision style involves presenting a problem to the group, defining its boundaries, and hosting a discussion to help group members make the decision?

Facilitate

Regarding outcomes, which of the following would be an element of leadership?

Finding new approaches to labor relations

Rewards are one of the strongest tools a manager can use to influence employee behavior. You want to develop rewards for the sales force at your company in order to increase profits. Which of the following statements is true about how you should proceed?

Give different rewards to different employees, based on their desires.

Andrea suspects that her boss is adept at impression management and is conveying a false sense of who he really is. She decides to watch him carefully for cues that he's being less than honest about himself. Which of the following items might provide her with evidence?

He fidgets more when talking about himself and his accomplishments.

_____ leaders tend to be more concerned with interpersonal relations, whereas _____ leaders are more concerned with task-relevant problems.

High-LPC; low-LPC

Which of the following describes someone with a 1,1 rating on the Leadership Grid?

I believe in doing the minimum amount of work in order to meet organizational goals.

Which of the following is an accurate comparison between path-goal theory and LPC theory?

LPC theory holds that a leader's behavior is static, whereas path-goal theory believes that a leader can change her leadership style.

Which of the following is most helpful to an organization during times of stability and predictability?

Management

Which type of behavior would Fiedler most likely recommend to a leader in a situation with poor leader-member relations, high task structure, and high leader position power?

Person-oriented behavior

In recent years, there has been a renewed interest in the trait approach to determining leadership characteristics. Which of the following statements is true about this approach?

Recent studies have identified a limited set of leadership traits, such as emotional intelligence, drive, and charisma are acknowledged leadership traits.

Nancy is the administrator at a community nonprofit. She was hired for her expertise in planning and budgeting, but she has experienced conflicts with personnel. Which of the following statements is true about Nancy's role?

She is a manager

_____ models of leadership assume that appropriate leader behavior varies depending on the circumstances.

Situational

The nature of managerial leadership varies depending on the culture. Which of the following countries experiences a low need for managers to have immediate and precise answers to subordinates' questions?

Sweden

Tannenbaum and Schmidt's proposed continuum of leadership behavior has what relationship to the Michigan or Ohio State leadership studies?

Tannenbaum and Schmidt's continuum uses the leadership behaviors identified in the Michigan studies as its extremes and inserts five intermediary levels of leadership.

LPC theory assesses leaders according to which of the following characteristics?

Task motivation and relationship motivation

Which type of behavior would Fiedler most likely recommend to a leader in a situation with poor leader-member relations, low task structure, and high leader position power?

Task-oriented behavior

Which of the following is an accurate statement about the Michigan and Ohio State leadership studies?

The Michigan studies believed that the two types of leader behavior were mutually exclusive, whereas the Ohio State studies did not.

In Tannenbaum and Schmidt's proposed continuum of leadership behavior, which of the following leadership behaviors is closest to one of the model's extremes?

The manager "sells" the decision.

Which of the following statements about communities of practice is true?

They can use the company intranet to cultivate a sense of community

Which of the following statements characterizes mechanistic organizations?

They have formal rules and regulations for decision making.

Which of the following conditions is NOT true for virtual organizations?

They tend to be very simple

Which of the following questions does Vroom's decision tree approach purport to answer?

To what extent should my subordinates be involved in making decisions?

Whose theoretical approach to leadership focuses exclusively on the degree to which a manager's employees should be involved in making decisions?

Vroom

Sunriver Homes Corporation has identified a need for strong strategic leadership. As they search for a new CEO, what leadership traits will they seek?

a clear understanding of trends on the horizon

Charles was a relatively new and inexperienced leader assigned to an experienced workgroup with long-standing performance norms and high group cohesiveness. These factors were so strong that nothing Charles did to change things had much effect. What type of leadership substitute is this?

a leadership neutralizer

Which term refers to demeaning, exploiting, or taking advantage of another or influencing someone to do something they later regret?

abuse of power

According to path-goal theory, a(n) _____ leader sets challenging goals, expects subordinates to perform at their highest level, and shows strong confidence that subordinates will put forth effort and accomplish the goals.

achievement-oriented

When a person's beliefs about a leader change based on the behavior of other people in the situation, this is known as __________.

attribution

According to Project GLOBE, which of the following is NOT a universal characteristic of strong leaders, regardless of culture or geography?

being immodest

To be successful, an organization needs:

both management and leadership.

Molly tells Darren to sweep the floors. Darren refuses. Molly tells Darren that if he doesn't sweep the floors, he'll be fired. Darren sweeps the floors. In this example, Molly did not exhibit leadership because her actions were:

coercive.

According to the Ohio State studies, a leader who is concerned with the subordinates' feelings and respects subordinates' ideas exhibits _____ leader behavior.

consideration

According to Vroom, which decision style involves obtaining suggestions from the group before making a decision?

consult

Oleg follows Vroom's decision tree to a terminal node and then discusses an important issue with his subordinates individually, getting their opinions before making a decision. Which style did Oleg use?

consult

Liam wants to influence his team by requesting their advice to solve a problem and to mutually set some performance goals. Which type of influence would this represent?

consultation

According to Vroom, which of the five decision styles requires the least input from the manager?

decide

When team competence is a relevant factor in Vroom's development-driven decision tree, a high or low team competence usually makes the difference between _____, respectively.

delegating or facilitating

Hareesh's employees are extremely competent and motivated. If Hareesh follows the Hersey and Blanchard model, then what type of leadership style should he use?

delgating

The process of selecting and managing aspects of organizational structure and culture to enable the organization to achieve its goals is called organizational __________.

design

When integrating employees, under what structure do managers from different units informally work together to coordinate or to identify and solve shared problems?

direct contact

According to path-goal theory, a(n) _____ leader lets subordinates know what is expected of them, gives specific guidance as to how to accomplish tasks, schedules work to be done, and maintains definitive standards of performance for subordinates.

directive

In path-goal theory, which leadership style is best for managing employees who are new to dealing with ambiguous, unstructured tasks?

directive

Which is typical of companies with a prebureaucratic structure?

early control of organizational decisions and growth

According to the Michigan studies, a leader who believes that high performance is to be achieved by paying attention to the human aspects of the group exhibits _____ leader behavior.

employee-centered

Johann is an German-American. Because he's bilingual, he's been assigned to work in Germany. Which influence tactics would he most likely encounter while working there?

exchanging benefits and coalition

Creating smaller units within a larger organization can increase which of the following benefits?

flexibility

According to Hersey and Blanchard, what does appropriate leader behavior depend on?

follower readiness

For multinational organizations, which type of structure is best when both global integration and local responsiveness are needed?

global transnational division

Annika, a call center manager, makes sure that her employees follow strict procedures when carrying out their duties. At the same time, Annika's door is always open, and she pays close consideration to her employees' complaints and suggestions about the work. According to the Ohio State leadership studies, Annika exhibits:

high consideration behavior and high initiating-structure behavior.

Uma, a manager, cares about her subordinates' feelings and provides them a great deal of autonomy in setting their own goals and carrying out tasks. According to the Ohio State leadership studies, Uma exhibits:

high consideration behavior and low initiating-structure behavior.

Micah is known as someone who is respectful of and concerned about his subordinates. He effectively communicates so that his subordinates know what is expected of them. How would he be categorized according to the Ohio State leadership studies?

high consideration, high initiating

Lex, a manager, rules his office with an iron fist. His employees do not like him, but they're too scared to ever not do anything he says. According to the Michigan leadership studies, Lex exhibits:

high job-centered behavior and low employee-centered behavior.

According to the Leadership Grid, a management style of 9,9 entails:

interdependence through a "common stake" in organization purpose, leading to relationships of trust and respect.

Each of the following explains why research into leadership as a trait was ultimately abandoned EXCEPT:

it is fundamentally impossible to correlate leadership to any particular traits.

According to the Michigan studies, a leader whose primary concern is completion of the task exhibits _____ leader behavior.

job-centered

According to LPC theory, the most important factor affecting the favorableness of a situation is _____.

leader-member relations

Which of the following is most crucial to an organization for creating and directing change?

leadership

Power held due to the position of authority is called __________ power.

legitimate

Lex, a manager, rules his office with an iron fist. His employees do not like him, but they're too scared to ever not do anything he says. According to the Ohio State leadership studies, Lex exhibits:

low consideration behavior and high initiating-structure behavior.

Kurt, a disenchanted art store manager, couldn't care less what his employees do. He often leaves the store for long stretches at a time to smoke or to practice with his avant-garde drum circle. According to the Ohio State leadership studies, Kurt exhibits:

low consideration behavior and low initiating-structure behavior.

Uma, a manager, cares about her subordinates' feelings and provides them a great deal of autonomy in setting their own goals and carrying out tasks. According to the Michigan leadership studies, Uma exhibits:

low job-centered behavior and high employee-centered behavior.

Which production technology is characterized by a tall bureaucratic structure with a large managerial span of control?

mass

Sandra just stepped into the role of CEO for a restaurant chain. Sales have been falling, morale is low, and the properties have become rundown. The board of directors hired her because she's a charismatic leader. Using that style, what steps can she take to turn this organization around?

model self-confidence and show confidence in subordinates

Which of the following is more closely associated with leadership than with management?

motivating

_____ is the ability to noncoercively affect the beliefs and behaviors of others.

nfluence

According to path-goal theory, a(n) _____ leader consults with subordinates about issues and takes their suggestions into account before making a decision.

participative

As a _____, leadership is the use of noncoercive influence to direct and coordinate the activities of group members to meet a goal.

process

Behavioral approaches to leadership studied leadership as a:

process

As a _____, leadership is the set of characteristics attributed to those who are perceived to use such influence successfully.

property

Organizational politics are a function of both individual employees and organizational culture. Which of the following would NOT be considered political behavior under the right circumstances?

providing access to information

Which of the following behaviors would be most likely to decrease the overall occurrence of politics within an organization?

reducing uncertainty

When Walmart founder Sam Walton drove his old pick-up truck to work, his employees embraced his ethic of frugality. What type of power did he display?

referent

According to the leader-member exchange (LMX) model, employees who are considered part of an in-group experience which of the following behaviors in their "vertical dyad" relationship?

strong support from leadership

The way in which task reporting and authority relationships interact as a system determines an organization's __________.

structure

Leadership ________ are characteristics that render leadership irrelevant.

substitutes

According to path-goal theory, a(n) _____ leader is friendly and shows concern for subordinates' status, well-being, and needs.

supportive

Which upward influence style emphasizes reason and uses an average amount of influence?

tactician

Which factor determines the degree to which subordinates should participate in the decision-making process, according to Vroom's decision tree approach?

the characteristics of the situation

When you complete the Least-Preferred Coworker Scale, whom should you have in mind?

the person with whom you can work the least well

According to the Leadership Grid, a management style of 1,9 entails:

thoughtful attention to the needs of people for satisfying relationships, leading to a comfortable, friendly organization atmosphere and work tempo.

Leaders who act as "coaches" within an organization are typically most likely to __________.

train group members

Prior to the behavioral approach to leadership, most research focused on which other approach to leadership?

trait

What is the term for the set of abilities that allows the leader to recognize the need for change, to create a vision to guide that change, and to execute the change effectively?

transformational leadership

A task characterized by a high degree of structure and intrinsic satisfaction may render leadership behavior __________.

unnecessary

Subunits, such as departments or groups, can also acquire and wield power. Under which condition is this true?

when the organization is going through a period of uncertainty