Final quiz 12

Amber lives in a housing development between two parallel streets that both connect to a freeway. She usually takes the street to the south when heading southbound on the freeway to work, but that street is closed for repairs for three months. Amber takes the street to the north during that time. After the street to the south is re-opened, she continues to take the street to the north, even thought it is a slightly longer route. Continuing to take the street to the north represent

A mental set

Dr. Chan is doing a follow-up study to the mutilated checkerboard problem experiment. In this new study, participants solve the following show problem before tackling the checkerboard problem. By doing this, Dr. Chan is studying the effect of__________ on problem solving

Analogies

Which of the following is NOT commonly associated with people who are considered highly creative

Analysis

Which of the following statements does NOT apply to the results of research on differences between how experts and novices solve problems?

Being an expert in one field can transfer to better problem solving in another field

The typical purpose of sub goals is to

Bring the problem solver closer and closer to the goal state

Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt were to a solution. The purpose of this experiment was to

Demonstrate a difference between how people solve insight and non-insight problems

Holly was in her mother-in-law's kitchen preparing lunch for the family. When she was ready to dish up the soup, she searched all the cupboards and drawers for a ladle but couldn't find one. She decided to wait until her mother-in-law returned to ask her where the ladle was, leaving the soup in the stove pot. Her mother-in-law later explained that the ladle had been broken, so she told Holly to use a coffee mug to "spoon" the soup into bowls. Holly's ability to solve the "dish up the soup" problem was hindered by which of the following obstacles?

Functional fixedness

Finke's creating an object studies how that people were more likely to come up with creative uses for Previnventive objects if they

Made the objects themselves

Gick and Holyoak proposed that analogical problem solving involves the following three steps:

Noticing, mapping, and applying

Functional fixedness would be LOWEST for a

Novel Object

The elements of the problem space include all of the following EXCEPT

Operators

Gestalt Psychologists consider problem solving as a process involving

Reorganization or restructuring

The circle problem, in which the task is to determine the length of a line inside a circle, was proposed to illustrate

Representation and restructuring

Warmth judgments on nearness to a solution ____ prior to the solution of an insight problem and ____ prior to the solution of a non-insight problem.

Rise suddenly just; gradually rise

The water-jug problem demonstrates that one consequence of having a procedure that does provide a solution to a problem is that, if well-learned, it May prevent us from

Seeing more efficient solutions to the problem

Janet is alone in a room that contains a chair and a shelf with a book resting on top. She attempts to retrieve the book, but the shelf is a foot above her reach. How will Janet retrieve the book? Psychologists would NOT classify this scenario as a problem because

The solution is immediately obvious

Insight refers to

a sudden realization of a problem's solution