FINAL

which of the following is true about cholelithiasis

(all of the above) - most common disease of the gallbladder - single, large gallstone or multiple tiny stones - stones may consist of cholesterol

functions of spleen

- All red blood cells will pass through spleen and the spleen will filter it - fight against disease. - During fetal life- produces blood- hematopoiesis

most common etiology for pelvic inflammatory disease is

- N. gonorrhea - C. trachomatis

symptoms of PID

- fever - lower abdominal pain - excess/ abnormal bleeding - mucous discharge

pancreas is divided into all

- head - body - tail - neck not - cervix

signs of stomach disease

- hematemesis - melena

risk factors for PID

- history of STD - early sexual contact - IUD - multiple sexual partners

ovaries produce the following

- ova - estrogen - progesterone not - adrenaline

which is common cancer that can occur if the patient had a family history of breast cancer

- ovarian carcinoma - because of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene

structures entering and exiting the renal hilum are all of the following except

- renal artery - renal vein - ureter NOT - inferior mesenteric artery

Name the lymphatic organs

- thymus - spleen - tonsils - appendix

both the kidneys moves downward approximately ________ inch during deep inspiration

1 inch

in the adult, splenomegaly is diagnosed when the length of the spleen exceeds

13 cm

the normal diameter of the common hepatic duct is approximately

4 mm

the fundus of the gallbladder usually lies opposite the tip of the right costal cartilage

9th

in which quadrant is liver located

RUQ

cystic duct is somewhat

S-shaped

anatomic position of body

The body is standing erect, eyes are looking forward, arms at the side, palms and toes directed forward

which of the following is most commonly caused by alcohol abuse in adults and cystic fibrosis in children

acute pancreatitis

crossing legs is

adduction

part of fallopian tube associated with fertilization

ampulla

the common bile duct if joined by the main pancreatic duct. together they open through the

ampulla of vater into the duodenal wall

in which of the following the dorsal and ventral buds form a ring around duodenum

annular pancreas

normal position of uterus is

anteverted, anteflexed

basic unit of all matter

atom

which of the following is a type of hip joint

ball and socket

which of the following secretes insulin

beta cells

a normal extension of breast tissue into the axillary region is called

breast tail, or tail of spencer, or axillary tail

which is not a cause of cirrhosis

cholelithiasis

which of the following tissues secretes CSF

choroid plexus

the right and left hepatic ducts emerge from the right lobe of the liver in the porta hepatis and unite to form the

common hepatic duct

which one of the following forms a fibrous "skeleton" that is responsible for maintain the shape of the breast

coopers ligaments

is a lengthwise plane that runs from sie to side and divides the body into anterior and posterior portions

coronal / frontal

correct sequence of GI Tract arrangement

esophagus, stomach, duodenum, jejunum

bending the hip backwards is called

extension

clinical findings of lump, painful, tender breast, usually bilateral that vary with monthly cycles usually represent which of the following

fibrocystic changes

a phrygian cap of the gallbladder is

folding of the gallbladder fundus

the coccyx consists of

four fused bones

the colon is divided into segments called

haustra

HYPERthyroidism has

high T3 and high T4

the ability to maintain a steady and stable internal environment

homeostasis

the normal sonographic appearance of the spleen parenchyma is

homogenous and similar to the liver

most common cause of painless scrotal swelling is

hydrocele

in cases of acute pancreatitis, the parenchyma of the pancreas generally appears

hypoechoic

the pelvis minor is found __________ to the brim fo the pelvis

inferior

fallopian tube is divided into four anatomic portions, which of the following part is connected with uterus

interstitium

in the case of a mammographic mass that is highly suggestive of malignancy, the co

irregular margin, taller than wide

arrange the following layers in order from inside to outside

kidneys, renal capsule, perinephric fat, renal fascia

the falciform ligament extends from the umbilicus to the diaphragm in a parasagittal plane containing the

ligamentum teres

HYPOthyroidism may be caused by

low intake of iodine (goiter) in body

two layered fold of the peritoneum that attaches the small intestine to post abdominal wall

mesentery

refers to all of the chemical and physical changes that occur in the body

metabolism

the sonographic appearance of gallbladder stone is

mobile, hyperechoic focus demonstrating posterior shadowing

following is not the pouches/spaces in the pelvic cavity

morison's pouch (vesicouterine pouch, rectouterine pouch, rectovesical pouch)

which of the following pathology belongs to the cervix

nabothian cyst

the cystic duct connects the ______ of the gallbladder with the common hepatic duct to form the _______

neck ; CBD

functional unit of kidney

neohron

area of vaginal lumen surround the cervix is divided into fornices. which is not correct

not correct - two posterior correct - anterior, posterior, two lateral

the spleen is variable in size and is considered to be all of the following except

pentagonal

following is incorrect of pyloric stenosis

projectile vomiting of bile stained fluid

choose the correct arrangement of structures anterior to posterior in female pelvis

pubic symphysis, urinary bladder, uterus, rectum

which of the following muscle is NOT part of the ANTERIOR abdominal wall

quadtratus lumborum - posterior abdominal wall

structures from anterior to posterior in female pelvis include all of the following except

rectovesical pouch

which of the following is a function of the gallbladder

reservoir for bile

skin dimpling may be caused by which of the following

retraction of tissue secondary to tumor infiltration

lies on the posterior abdominal wall behind the parietal peritoneum and extends from the 12th thoracic vertebra and the 12th rib to the sacrum

retroperitoneal space

the majority of the pancreas lies within which abdominal cavity

retroperitoneum

liver is located in the

right hypochondriac region

morison's pouch is anterior to which organ

right kidney

the caudate lobes of the liver is located in the

right lobe of the liver

is a lengthwise plane running from front to back and divides the body or any of its parts into right and left sides

sagittal / longitudinal

the male pelvic cavity has a small out pocket called ________ which contains the testes

scrotal cavity

what is the name of the structure that forms between the corpus callosum and the anterior horn of the lateral ventricle

septum pellucidum

which of the following is NOT a retroperitoneal organ

spleen - is intraperitoneal

all of the following are part of strap muscles except

sternocleidomastoid (sternothyroid, thyroidhyoid, omohyoid)

splenomegaly may result from all of the following, except

sub phrenic abscess results from - trauma - congestion - collagen vascular disease

which one of the following statements is FALSE about spleen

the spleen is located within the retoperitoneum

the main function of the spleen is

to filter the peripheral blood

tunica vaginalis lines the inner walls of scrotum, covering each testis and epididymus, and consist of the following two layers except

tunica albuginea (parietal layer and visceral layer)

hydroceles form in space between layers of

tunica vaginalis

select the sonographic characteristics of a fibroadenoma

uniform, low level homogenous echoes

renal pelvis of ureter is the

upper extended part of ureter

vagina lies posterior to ________ and _________, anterior to _______ and ________

urinary bladder, urethra, rectum and anus

which of the following connects two cerebellar hemispheres

vermis

__________ peritoneum does cover the viscera but DOES NOT line the abdominal wall

visceral

a spleen that has migrated form its normal location is termed

wandering spleen