Final Study Guide

The viruses that are generally more difficult to destroy with commonly used disinfectants are ___ viruses

"Naked" / Non-enveloped

In this diagram of the eye, identify #6. The structure is clear, has many nerve endings that are sensitive to touch, temperature, and chemicals, and does not contain blood vessels in the healthy state

Cornea

In an infected animal, the term that means "without signs of disease" is

Asymptomatic

Cell growth and reproduction: In this diagram, "A" represents cell ___

Atrophy

Which of the following describe a healthy cornea?

Avascular / Richly supplied with pain receptors / Part of the fibrous layer of the eye / Transparent

Which of the following is generally the proper order for cleaning in a veterinary facility (start to finish)?

Healthy animals / Sick juvenile / Sick adult

Medications instilled in the eye may reach the mouth via the

Nasolacrimal duct

The term that describes new and abnormal development of cells that may be benign or malignant is

Neoplasia

Skin disorders affecting older animals are more commonly caused by

Neoplasias

Bone

Osteo-

The tissue that lines the interior surfaces of the eyelids is known as the

Palpebral conjunctiva

Beagles, Boston Terriers, and Cocker Spaniels are predisposed to the condition called ___, which is caused by weak supporting tissues which normally help anchor the gland to the orbital rim

Prolapse of the gland of the nictitating membrane

Which of the following are indications for performing a Schirmer Tear Test?

Purulent ocular discharge / Monitoring a patient with dry eye / Red eye

On this illustration, "C" designates

Subcutaneous tissue

The nictitating membrane is also known as the

Third eyelid

Fungal infections most commonly begin in the lungs or on the skin

True

Removal of the accessory lacrimal gland of the nictitans during surgery for Cherry Eye may result in dry eye

True

Some cancers can spread via lymphatics and blood vessels while other types spread directly across serosal surfaces

True

The species name of organisms is not capitalized

True

Fomites may include which of the following?

Grooming brushes / Stethoscopes / Mops

The study of the body and its parts with only the naked eye is termed

Gross anatomy

What is the correct bleach dilution needed to disinfect a cage and fomites contaminated with ringworm?

1:10 bleach:water

What is the correct bleach dilution needed to disinfect a cage contaminated with Parvovirus?

1:32 Bleach:Water

Directional Terms (5 and 6): Directions that the arrows are pointing / Surface of leg (3 and 4)

3. Lateral surface / 4. Medial surface / 5. Proximal / 6. Distal

On this diagram, #8 designates the ___. If this is removed during surgery for Cherry eye, this may result in lower aqueous tear production and dry eye

Accessory lacrimal gland

Epithelial

Adeno-

Bacteria that require oxygen to grow / reproduce is termed

Aerobic

The term for "deficiency of hair" is

Alopecia

An epidemiologist is concerned about which of the following?

Analysis of data for the population / Occurrence of disease in a population / Population / Control and Prevention of disease in a population

The single-celled microorganisms that can be found living in environments with extreme hot and cold temperatures, and may be shaped like rods, grapes, or squiggles are

Bacteria

Therapy for pain includes which of the following?

Bedding / Medication / Physical therapy / Acupuncture / Nutraceuticals

Which of the following are characteristics / true statements regarding Papillomas?

Benign growth which may disappear within a few months after the first appearance / May have a viral or non-viral cause ****

The removal and examination of living tissue for microscopic examination is called a

Biopsy

Inflammation of the eyelids is called

Blepharitis

Agents that affect genetic activity in some way and cause abnormal cell reproduction are called

Carcinogens

This is a photo of a fairly common condition known as ___, the structure of which is located at the ___ canthus

Cherry eye / Medial

Cartilage

Chondro-

Another name for the condition, Pannus, is

Chronic Superficial Keratitis

In this diagram of the eye, identify #5. This is the space or "pouch" formed between the eyelids and the globe, and is an excellent space to instill medications to the eye. This space is found in both upper and lower areas

Conjunctival sac

The major tissue type whose functions include; Supporting body structures, transportation of substances throughout the body, includes blood, fat, tendons, ligaments, and bones

Connective tissue

___ is the study of cells

Cytology

The two zoonotic disorders of major concern in veterinary dermatology are

Dermatophytosis / Scabies

This dog is positioned in:

Dorsal recumbency

Pathogens may be transmitted by which of the following routes?

Droplets or aerosols / Fecal-oral / Vector-borne / Direct contact

The term ___ describes a product applied directly to an inanimate object to destroy or inactivate pathogenic microbes and these products are licensed by the EPA

Disinfectant

This photo shows ___ of the lower lid

Ectropion

The level of disease occurrence where the disease is found at a fairly constant, low incident rate in a group / population of animals is termed

Endemic

The term that describes a rolling-in of the eyelid is

Entropion

The virus that are typically easily destroyed by commonly used disinfectants are ___ viruses

Enveloped

A single disinfectant will be adequate for all situations in a veterinary facility

False

A systemic infection occurs when the microbe enters the body and is confined to a specific area

False

A virus is much larger than a bacterium

False

Common names of organisms are the same worldwide

False

Laboratory testing, using blood sample, is the best way to diagnose a food allergy

False

The major groups of microbes that may cause diseases in animals include which of the following?

Fungi / Protozoa / Viruses / Bacteria

Blood Vessels

Hemangio-

Which of the following are common causes of conjunctivitis in cats?

Herpesvirus / Foreign bodies / Plasma cell conjunctivitis

___ is the term used to describe the relatively constant states maintained by the body

Homeostasis

Skin disorders affecting middle-aged animals are more commonly caused by

Hormonal disorders *****

The term that describes excessive cell reproduction and results in an increased in the number of cells is

Hyperplasia

Hemorrhage into the anterior chamber of the eye is termed

Hyphema

The skin layer that is composed primarily of adipose tissue and which acts as a thermoinsulator and a mechanical shock absorber is the

Hypodermis

The body's first line of defense whose primary functions include protection, temperature regulation, and sensation is the

Integumentary System

The term that means pertaining to the same side of the body is

Ipsilateral

Common arthropod vectors include

Mosquitos / Flies / Ticks

On this diagram, #5 designates the ___, which produces the bulk of the aqueous part of the tear film

Lacrimal gland

Which of the following are part of the lacrimal apparatus?

Lacrimal glands / Meibomian glands / Nasolacrimal ducts

In this drawing of the eye, identify #7. This structure can be affected by cataracts or nuclear sclerosis

Lens

The normal change in the lens of the eye where the lens becomes cloudy with age but the vision is maintained is term

Lenticular (nuclear) sclerosis

The ___ is at the junction of the cornea and sclera and can be used as a landmark to describe the position of lesions on the surface of the eye

Limbus

Fat

Lipo-

The two most common organ sites of metastases are

Liver / Lung

___ tumors are not encapsulated and tend to spread to other regions of the body

Malignant

On this diagram, #7 designates the

Medial canthus (medial palpebral commissure)

The process by which cancer cells spread from a primary tumor to secondary locations such as lungs, lymph nodes, and other organs is known as

Metastasis

What is the common progression of disease (in order from entry to exit)?

Microbe encountered / Entry into body / Spreads in body / Multiplies / Disease / Exit

What are the characteristics of a virus?

Much smaller than bacteria and require an electron microscope to visualize / May or may not have an envelope around the capsid / Not considered to be a living organism / Obligate intracellular parasite

The major tissue type whose functions include; production of body movements and the production of heat

Muscle tissu

In this photo, "5" is pointing to the ___

Nictitating membrane

The prominent structure seen in this cat is the

Nictitating membrane

The abbreviation for "left eye" is

OS

Which of the following are true statements regarding Acute Moist Dermatitis?

Often times pruritic / Usually has matted hair around lesion / Erythematous skin / Also called "hot spots"

A ___ is defined as a structure made up of several different kinds of tissues so arranged that, together, they can perform a special function

Organ

Which of the following are true statements regarding the lipid layer of the tear film?

Production can be measured by the Schirmer Tear Test / Produced by the lacrimal glands

___ are the cause of Malaria and Giardia

Protozoans

A term used to mean itchiness is

Pruritis

This dog is positioned in

Right lateral recumbency

Common clinical signs of pain or distress in animals include which of the following?

Salivation / Inappetence / Panting / Shivering / Tachycardia

Description of bacteria include

Simple cells with no true nucleus / Prokaryotes

Which of the following is the most common eyelid neoplasm in cats?

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Which of the following are reasons why it is important to first clean the area prior to disinfecting it?

The presence of organic material can harbor some microbes for a long period of time / It can be difficult to get proper contact of the disinfectant / Many disinfectants may be inactivated in the presence of organic debris

A virus cannot reproduce outside a host cell

True

Which of the following can be vectors for disease transmission?

Ticks / Mosquitos / Flies / Fleas

Which of the following can cause eyelid and adnexa abnormalities?

Trauma / Neoplasia / Inflammation / Congenital problems

Excretion of waste, fluid and electrolyte balance, and acid-base balance are primary functions of the

Urinary system

A living organism that does not itself cause disease but serves to transmit an infectious organism from one host to another is called a

Vector

Which of the following describes serous ocular discharge?

Viral infection may cause / Watery / Allergies may cause

Which of the following test may be used to help diagnose viral infections?

Virus culture and isolation / Clinical signs alone may be highly suggestive of some viral infections / Serum of infected animals tested for the presence of antibodies or viral antigens

Which of the following describes a purulent ocular discharge?

Yellow-green appearance / Bacterial infection