final study guide

65. According to research, which of the following is an effective method of losing weight? a. Diet-plus-exercise programs b. Diet-only programs c. Diet pills d. High protein diet

a. Diet-plus-exercise programs

56. According to studies, which of the following is one of the most common sexual problems of older men? a. Early ejaculation b. Partner non-cooperation c. Lack of foreplay d. Lubrication difficulties

a. Early ejaculation

23. Which of the following biological reasons explains women's increased resistance to infections and degenerative diseases? a. Estrogen production and the additional X chromosome b. Lower cholesterol levels and improved lung function c. Postmenopausal hormone levels and increased body water d. Better osmoregulation and lower trans fat

a. Estrogen production and the additional X chromosome

68. Which of the following is one of the best predictors of getting an STI? a. Having multiple sexual partners b. Being in a committed monogamous relationship c. Engaging in sexual activity with same-sex partners d. Using barrier methods of contraception

a. Having multiple sexual partners

51. _____ was the main cause of death in the United States until the middle of the twentieth century. a. Infectious disease b. Accident c. Chronic disease d. Homicide

a. Infectious disease

45. Which of the following is true of middle-aged and older adults who had poor sibling relationships in childhood? a. Men were more likely to develop depression by age 50. b. Women were more likely to develop depression by 40. c. Both men and women tended to re-bond with their siblings during middle-age. d. Women tended to move away from sibling relationships.

a. Men were more likely to develop depression by age 50.

15. Prejudice against others because of their age, especially prejudice against older adults, is known as _____. a. ageism b. Adultism c. Racism d. adultcentrism

a. ageism

2. Brain death occurs when: a. all electrical activity of the brain has ceased for a specified period of time. b. a person remains unconscious for a specified period of time. c. the lower regions of the brain stop functioning. d. the body loses the ability to breathe on its own.

a. all electrical activity of the brain has ceased for a specified period of time.

62. Most of us reach our peak physical performance: a. before the age of 30, often between the ages of 19 and 26. b. often between the ages of 15 and 22 c. before the age of 20. d. before the age of 22, often between the ages of 14 and 19.

a. before the age of 30, often between the ages of 19 and 26.

44. The majority of sibling relationships in adulthood are _____. a. close b. neutral c. apathetic d. distant

a. close

6. Which of the following is the best description of the term "euthanasia"? a. Easy death b. Death wish c. Voluntary death d. Painless death

a. easy death

60. In the United States, the most widely recognized marker of entry into adulthood is: a. holding a permanent, full-time job. b. moving into one's own home. c. getting married. d. having a child.

a. holding a permanent, full-time job.

22. _____ is the number of years that the average person born in a particular year will probably live. a. Life expectancy b. Life span c. Longevity d. Life extension

a. life expectancy

11. Today, death occurs most often among: a. older adults. b. adolescents c. infants. d. middle-aged adults.

a. older adults

34. Exercise is linked to the prevention or delayed onset of chronic diseases, such as _____. a. type 2 diabetes b. type 1 diabetes c. Hemophilia d. asthma

a. type 2 diabetes

59. The transition from adolescence to adulthood has been referred to as emerging adulthood, which occurs from approximately _____ years of age. a. 12 to 18 b. 18 to 25 c. 21 to 26 d. 20 to 30

b. 18 to 25

3. Which of the following organizations created a legal document that reflects the patient's advance care planning? a. Death Wish Commune b. Choice in Dying c. Euthanasia Undertaking d. Death Drive Pact

b. Choice in Dying

36. Identify the major task that must be mastered in early adulthood, according to Levinson. a. Reaching the pinnacle of one's career b. Developing a stable life structure c. Focusing on family development d. Forming an image of one's career

b. Developing a stable life structure

54. In menopause, production of _____ by the ovaries declines dramatically. a. testosterone b. Estrogen c. Adrenaline d. insulin

b. Estrogen

57. According to studies, which of the following is one of the most common sexual problems of older women? a. Lack of foreplay b. Lack of sexual interest c. Partner non-cooperation d. Reduced muscular movements

b. Lack of sexual interest

25. With age: a. brain weight decreases; brain volume does not decrease. b. brain volume decreases; brain weight does not decrease. c. both brain weight and brain volume decrease. d. neither brain weight nor brain volume decrease.

c. both brain weight and brain volume decrease.

4. _____ refers to a legal document that reflects the patient's advance care planning. a. Last request b. Dying will c. Living will d. Easy death order

c living will

40. What are the two major forms of love? a. Passionate and intimate b. Companionate and consummate c. Romantic and affectionate d. Sexual and noncommittal

c. Romantic and affectionate

48. Which of the following statements about lung capacity in middle-age is true? a. There is significant change in lung capacity through most of middle adulthood. b. In late middle-age, the proteins in lung tissue become more elastic. c. Stiffening of the chest wall decreases the lungs' capacity to shuttle oxygen. d. The lung capacity of smokers increases drastically in middle age.

c. Stiffening of the chest wall decreases the lungs' capacity to shuttle oxygen.

18. Considering the fact that many of the health problems of older adults are chronic rather than acute, which of the following is a concern regarding the medical system? a. Medicare does not have special provisions for chronic illnesses. b. Costs of prescription drugs are still not subsidized for the elderly. c. The medical system is still based on a "cure" rather than a "care" model. d. Home-visits are not emphasized over hospital stays.

c. The medical system is still based on a "cure" rather than a "care" model.

31. _____ is the most common chronic disorder in late adulthood. a. Glaucoma b. Diabetes c. Arthritis d. Kidney disease

c. arthritis

12. In the United States today, more than 80 percent of all deaths occur: a. due to motor vehicle accidents. b. due to infectious diseases. c. at home. d. in institutions or hospitals.

in institutions or hospitals

5. A(n) _____ states such preferences as whether life-sustaining procedures should or should not be used to prolong the life of an individual when death is imminent. a. advance directive b. choice in dying c. oral will d. representation agreement

A. ADVANCE DIRECTIVE

61. Which of the following is a positive feature of the transition from high school to college? a. Decreased focus on achievement and its assessment b. Opportunities to explore different lifestyles and values c. Reduced peer pressure d. Movement to a smaller, more personal school structure

b. Opportunities to explore different lifestyles and values

50. Which of the following is typical of the health condition during early and late middle-age? a. Frequency of accidents increases b. Susceptibility to colds and allergies decreases c. Wakeful periods during sleep decreases d. Incidence of chronic disorders decreases

b. Susceptibility to colds and allergies decreases

16. Older adults not being hired for new jobs, being eased out of old ones because they are perceived as too rigid or feeble-minded, and being eased out because they are not considered cost effective are examples of: a. eldercare. b. ageism. c. generational inequity. d. age incongruity.

b. ageism.

20. Researchers have found that poverty in late adulthood is linked to: a. an increase in longevity. b. an increase in physical and mental health problems in older adults. c. greater sexual activity. d. an increase in marital and life satisfaction.

b. an increase in physical and mental health problems in older adults.

70. Gina's boyfriend forced her to have sexual intercourse with him during their last date. Gina has encountered: a. marital rape. b. date or acquaintance rape. c. sexual harassment. d. sexual coercion, not amounting to rape.

b. date or acquaintance rape.

27. The vision of older adults can be affected by age-related changes. One of these changes, which can make steps and curbs difficult to manage, is a decline in: a. eye-hand coordination. b. depth perception. c. ocular elasticity. d. color vision.

b. depth perception.

33. _____ are the leading cause of injury deaths among adults who are 65 years and older. a. Household fires b. Falls c. Motor vehicle accidents d. Heart conditions

b. falls

67. Condoms are less effective against the spread of _____. a. syphilis b. herpes c. chlamydia d. gonorrhea

b. herpes

10. Hospices are a relatively recent approach developed to: a. cure illness and prolong life at all costs. b. make the end of life as free from pain and anxiety as possible. c. provide a place where people with no living relatives can die. d. lower the cost of medical care by competing with hospitals.

b. make the end of life as free from pain and anxiety as possible

29. _____ becomes less frequent in males with age, occurring in every second to third attempt rather than every time. a. Resolution b. Orgasm c. Arousal d. Excitement

b. orgasm

9. The type of care that is designed to reduce pain and suffering and help individuals die with dignity is known as: a. curative care. b. palliative care. c. terminal care. d. compassionate care.

b. palliative care

14. Recent studies have led researchers to conclude that the emotional life of older adults is more _____ than once thought. a. negative b. positive c. depressed d. flat

b. positive

37. Which of the following aspects of life do middle-aged adults feel they have less control over? a. Finances b. Sex life c. Work d. Marriage

b. sex life

55. The gradual decline in men's testosterone levels in middle age can reduce their _____. a. lung capacity b. sexual drive c. infertility d. thyroid levels

b. sexual drive

1. A flat EEG (electroencephalogram) recording for a specified period of time is one criterion of _____. a. rigor mortis b. euthanasia c. brain death d. paralysis

c. brain death

52. Nowadays, the main causes of death in middle adulthood in the United States are: a. infectious diseases. b. accidents. c. chronic diseases. d. homicide.

c. chronic diseases

17. Which of the following is the most frequent form of ageism? a. Assumptions about frailty of older adults b. Assumptions about ailments caused by age c. Disrespect for older adults d. Older adults being edged out of their family life

c. disrespect for older adults

41. Middle-age partners are more likely to view their marriage as positive if they: a. have a satisfying sexual relationship. b. feel a high level of physical attraction toward their partner. c. engage in mutual activities. d. are religious.

c. engage in mutual activities.

8. _____ is a program committed to making the end of life as free from pain, anxiety, and depression as possible. a. Asylum b. Hospital stay c. Hospice d. Compassionate care

c. hospice

21. The healthcare needs of older adults are reflected in _____, the program that provides health-care insurance to adults over 65 under the Social Security system. a. Medicaid b. Eldercare c. Medicare d. Family Care

c. medicare

58. According to Robert Sternberg's triarchic theory of love, love is characterized by the dimensions of: a. role-exchanges, exclusivity, and commitment. b. shared activities, self-disclosure, and commitment. c. passion, commitment, and intimacy. d. transference, companionship, and self-disclosure.

c. passion, commitment, and intimacy.

7. Turning off a respirator or a heart-lung machine is an example of _____ euthanasia. a. active b. deliberate c. passive d. sustained

c. passive

13. All of the following are part of the life review process EXCEPT: a. looking back at one's life experiences. b. evaluating life experiences. c. projecting future life experiences. d. interpreting life experiences.

c. projecting future life experiences.

28. A recent study revealed that _____ improves the sleep profile of older adults. a. high calorie diet b. an inactive lifestyle c. regular exercise d. antidepressant medication

c. regular exercise

66. Emerging adulthood is a time frame during which most individuals are: a. in exclusive relationships and married. b. abstaining from sex and unmarried c. sexually active and unmarried. d. sexually active and married.

c. sexually active and unmarried.

49. Sleep problems in middle-aged adults have been associated with all of the following EXCEPT: a. usage of prescription drugs. b. obesity. c. single parenting. d. cardiovascular disease

c. single parenting.

32. _____ involves an extensive loss of bone tissue. a. Arteriosclerosis b. Diabetes c. Arthritis d. Osteoporosis

d. osteoporosis

53. _____ is a term that is used to describe the midlife transition in which fertility declines. a. Puberty b. Menarche c. Spermarche d. Climacteric

d. Climacteric

42. Which of the following statements about the empty nest syndrome is true? a. Parents who live vicariously with their children do not experience it. b. It is more common for middle-aged men than for middle-aged women. c. It is a common, though minor, problem for most middle-aged adults. d. It involves a decline in marital satisfaction after children leave the home.

d. It involves a decline in marital satisfaction after children leave the home.

24. What is the main difference between the way younger people and older people respond to stress? a. Younger people have a slower restorative process after a stressful episode. b. Younger people have better coping strategies for dealing with stress. c. The process of aging increases the pituitary gland's response to stress, making it work harder. d. Older people keep stress hormones in their system for longer periods.

d. Older people keep stress hormones in their system for longer periods.

69. Which of the following is true of rape? a. Men in prisons are vulnerable to rape, usually by homosexual males. b. Men and women are equally likely to be victims of rape. c. A lower level of men's sexual narcissism was linked to a greater likelihood that they would engage in sexual aggression. d. Rapes are underreported.

d. Rapes are underreported.

35. _____ develops when individuals sense that they have done nothing for the next generation. a. Perpetuity b. Generativity c. Self-actualization d. Stagnation

d. Stagnation

26. _____ are the most noticeable changes in physical appearance in late adulthood. a. Loss of hair and brittle nails b. Osteoporosis of the bones c. Reduction in height and weight d. Wrinkles and age spots

d. Wrinkles and age spots

38. Middle-aged adults feel they have less control over their: a. marriage. b. finances. c. work. d. children.

d. children

64. Emerging adults fail to develop health-promoting habits because they: a. believe that good genes will override any unhealthy behaviors. b. lack knowledge about which behaviors are healthy and unhealthy. c. are reluctant to be seen as health-conscious. d. do not think about how their lifestyle will affect them later in life.

d. do not think about how their lifestyle will affect them later in life.

19. _____ refers to the physical and emotional care taking for older members of the family, whether by giving day-to-day physical assistance or by overseeing such care. a. Medicare b. Emergency care c. Hospice care d. Eldercare

d. eldercare

30. Compared with elderly men, elderly women are LESS likely to have: a. arthritis. b. hypertension. c. visual problems. d. hearing problems.

d. hearing problems

47. Cholesterol can be lowered in all of the following ways EXCEPT: a. regular exercise. b. changes in diet to include foods low in saturated fat. c. changes in diet to include foods that are low in cholesterol. d. liposuction.

d. liposuction.

43. A common complaint voiced by both adult children and their parents when adult children return home is a(n): a. lack of social interaction. b. lack of career development. c. increased strain on finances. d. loss of privacy.

d. loss of privacy.

46. Middle adulthood is referred to as the sandwich generation because: a. life is very hectic and families rarely have a full meal together. b. people expect middle-aged adults to be both wise and mature as well as young and energetic. c. middle-aged adults are caught in a conflict between caring more for their spouse's parents than their own. d. middle-aged adults may have to care for their own adolescent children as well as their elderly parents.

d. middle-aged adults may have to care for their own adolescent children as well as their elderly parents.

39. The timetable according to which individuals are expected to accomplish life's tasks, such as getting married, having children, or establishing themselves in a career is known as the _____. a. interval measure b. life-event calendar c. circadian rhythm d. social clock

d. social clock